Techniques and routines for answering argumentative essays in the high school entrance examination

What are the techniques and routines for answering questions in argumentative essays

When reading argumentative essays, the first thing to do is to know the central argument that the author wants to express, understand the author's writing intention, and interpret each paragraph of the article To sum up the meaning of the paragraph, the first sentence of many article paragraphs is the argument, which will make it easier to understand the author's arguments and ideas.

What are the techniques and routines for answering argumentative essays

1 Analysis of specific question types of argumentative essays

1. Please summarize the central argument of this article?

Generally for this kind of topic, we have to search from the title, beginning and end of the article. The central argument of the article usually appears in these places. If not, go to the second paragraph of the article to search. Some authors like to place their central argument in the second paragraph of their article. If there is no second paragraph, you have to search in the middle of the article. Generally, arguments will appear where there are sentences that connect the previous paragraph and the following paragraph. If there is still no argument, the candidate needs to integrate it according to the sub-arguments in the article.

2. Understand the meaning of the highlighted words based on the context of the text.

First we need to find the word in the text, and then look around the word to find what the word means or refers to. Generally, the answer lies in the context of the word and can be copied directly. Some may require you to make some additions and subtractions yourself.

3. What is the argumentation method used in the article?

Common argumentation methods include example argumentation, metaphorical argumentation, comparative argumentation, etc. I believe the teacher has summarized and sorted out the functions of these argumentation methods for the students before the exam. All the students have to do is to use them. Memorize the role of argumentation methods and explain them in the exam with specific examples in the article.

4. Analyze the meaning of the sentences in the article.

The more common functions are to connect the previous and the following, lead to the following, and summarize the full text. Or to increase the interest of the article and arouse the reader's interest in reading, etc.

2 Common question types and answering techniques for argumentative essays

1. Identification of argumentation methods:

Examples (including summary examples) ------- Demonstrate with examples

Quoting famous quotes, reasoning ------- logical arguments

Use metaphors to prove your point ------- metaphorical arguments

Compare positive and negative facts or truths ------- contrastive arguments

2. Analyze the role of argumentation methods:

Sentence pattern: use ×× argumentation method + argumentation XX point of view + effect

①. Demonstration with examples: Demonstrate by citing specific examples to make the argument more specific and convincing.

Format: Use the argumentation method of example, enumerate... (summary examples) to prove... (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus Make the argument more specific and convincing.

②. Reasonable argument: Prove the argument in a reasonable way to make the argument more general and in-depth.

Format: The argumentation method of rational argument is used to demonstrate the point of view, thereby making the argument more general and in-depth.

③. Metaphoric argument: Prove through metaphors to make the argument vivid and easy to understand.

Format: The argumentation method of metaphor is used, comparing... to..., proving the point of view of..., thereby explaining the abstract and profound truth vividly, easily and understandably.

④. Comparative argument: The function of contrastive argument is to highlight.

Format: Use the argumentation method of contrastive argument, compare... with..., and highlight the point of view of....

⑤. Citation argument: Citation argument is more complicated, which is related to the specific citation materials. There are various situations such as quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of famous people, jokes and anecdotes. Its function is to Specific analysis. For example, quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; quoting celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read on.

Format: The argument method of citation argument is used to prove the point of view by citing... to make the argument more convincing. (Or more interesting to stimulate readers' interest in reading)

3. Analyze the types and functions of arguments:

Arguments can be divided into two types: rational arguments and factual arguments

There are two key points in answering the question: (1) Clarify the type of argument; (2) Analyze the role in detail.

The essence of this question is to examine the relationship between arguments and arguments. Whether it is the relationship between sub-arguments and central arguments or the relationship between arguments and arguments, it is the relationship between proof and being proved. Therefore, normativeness The answer format is as follows:

This is... an argument, which plays a role in proving... (argument, if there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves, otherwise write the central argument.)

Supplementary arguments are becoming popular as a new type of question. When doing this type of question, pay attention to the following two aspects: (1) Make it clear what type of argument is required, that is, whether it is a famous quote or an example; ( 2) When supplementing celebrity examples, please pay attention to the word limit. Of course, as a test preparation, you can prepare famous examples and famous quotes on common themes such as "diligence" and "conduct". The number of words in the famous quotes should be small, and the things should be familiar. Do not prepare longer quotes or unfamiliar celebrity examples just for the sake of novelty.

4. The way the article presents the central argument:

①. The title of the article points out the central argument;

②. The central argument is presented at the beginning of the article;

③. Summarize the central argument at the end of the article;

④. Use a sentence in the middle of the article to put forward the central argument.

⑤. The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but always discusses...

6. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article

First of all, you should understand the structure of a general argumentative essay: raising a question (introduction) - analyzing the problem (thesis) - solving the problem (conclusion) .

Analyzing the argumentative thinking of argumentative essays is actually to add some relationships such as "first", "then", "continued" and "last" to the paragraph level to express inheritance, opening and closing relationships. words. When doing this question, pay special attention to the statements at the beginning and end.

The content at the beginning is:

(1) Propose the central argument; (2) Lead the topic; in the above two aspects, you must specifically answer the question of proposing the central argument or introducing the topic. Specific methods include: some are through famous quotes, some are through celebrity anecdotes, and some are through anecdotes and jokes.

Conclusion at the end:

(1) Deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of...;

(2) Emphasize the central argument of...;

(3), issued a call for... or hoped that people...;

(4), supplemented the argument.... (The function is to make the argument more rigorous.)

This topic is to concretely state the introduction, main body, and conclusion of the article. For example, in the article "The Nobility of Man Lies in the Soul", we can express it like this: First, we quote the famous saying of the French thinker Pascal "Man is a reed with thoughts" to put forward the central argument "The nobility of man lies in the soul", and then cite Archimedes, Wilde The example proves that "treasure the inner spiritual wealth more than the outer material wealth". Finally, taking a girl studying on the train as an example, she advises people that "people should maintain pure spiritual pursuits."

7. Analysis of argumentative essay topics:

1. Function analysis: 1 point out the argument, 2 point out the topic, 3 point out the starting point of the argument

Method: subject and predicate Phrases and verb-object phrases are generally arguments, such as: cherish ××, learn ××, continue to maintain the style of hard work

Parallel phrases generally discuss the relationship between things, such as thinking and doing, success and failure

Those with talk, argument, talk, and discussion in the title are generally thesis topics.

2. Effect analysis: clarify the content of the article and clarify the argument of the article

Use metaphors to vividly present arguments, etc.

8. The role of the beginning of an argumentative essay:

1. Get straight to the point and put forward the central argument.

2. Analyze a certain phenomenon (or example or viewpoint) in reality, and then put forward an argument (or propose a topic), which is highly targeted

3. Quote famous quotes Put forward an argument or topic, and at the same time, famous quotes are evidence to prove the argument.

4. A story or example leads to an argument or topic. At the same time, stories and examples are arguments to prove the argument.

5. Present wrong arguments and arguments to set a target for subsequent criticism.

6. Use vivid metaphors or stories (such as fables) to introduce arguments, which can not only stimulate readers' interest in reading, but also visualize abstract principles to facilitate readers' acceptance.

9. The role of the end of an argumentative essay:

(1) Deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of...;

(2) Emphasize... The central argument;

(3), issued a call for... or hoped that people...;

(4), supplemented the argument.... (The function is to make the argument more rigorous.)

(5). Summarize the full text and draw the central argument.

(6) Raise questions, make people think deeply, and make people think. Pay attention to or think about a certain issue

10. Analysis of the language characteristics of argumentative essays:

The angle of analysis of the language characteristics of argumentative essays is relatively fixed, with only two angles:

(1) Language characteristics: concise and plain, vivid, humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent, etc.

(2) Style characteristics. The characteristic of language style is to grasp the four words of strict logic and make a fuss.

One thing that should be paid special attention to is that this type of question must be supported by specific sentences, that is, use specific examples in the article as examples for analysis.

Commonly used sentence patterns: This word reflects the rigor of argumentative language.

11. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative essay writing

There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative essay writing, such as rhetorical techniques, argumentation methods, writing techniques, etc.

(1 ), Rhetoric:

Metaphor: compare ×× to ××, vividly, visualize abstract principles, and powerfully discuss ××’s arguments, making it easier for readers to understand and accept;

Parallelism enhances the momentum of the article's argumentation, and enhances the persuasiveness and appeal of the article;

Quotation, quoting ancient poems and articles, makes the article full of literary talent and effectively proves ××'s argument.

Quoting famous quotes effectively proves ××’s argument.

Rhetorical questions: enhance the tone and make people think

Asked questions: inspire readers to think and emphasize a certain point of view

(2) Argumentation method: refer to the argumentation method Talk about its role.

(3). The writing techniques are relatively fixed. The common ones are: (1) Combining examples and arguments with theoretical arguments (narratives and arguments); (2) Mainly using... argumentation methods. (3) Analyzing situations in life, with strong pertinence, etc. Similarly, this type of questions must be supported by specific sentences, that is, use specific examples in the article as examples for analysis.

12. The function of paragraph structure:

(1) Lead to the following (full) text; (2) Summarize the previous (full) text; (3) Connect the previous and the following.

As an argumentative paragraph, specific answers must be added based on stylistic features.

If the opening paragraph often plays the role of introducing the central argument (thesis), then we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer standard formats to use or use them in a modified way:

①. Begin by writing an example of... to present the central argument... (or a thesis that leads to...).

②. At the beginning, put forward the central argument... (or lead to the topic of...) by quoting famous quotes.

③ At the beginning, by quoting anecdotes about famous people (or anecdotes about...), the central argument... (or a topic that leads to...) is put forward, which also attracts readers to read on and enhances the power of the argument. Fun.

For the function of the ending paragraph, please refer to 8: "The function of the ending" answer.

13. Questions that inspire thinking:

First, the viewpoint must be in line with mainstream ideology, and second, explain the center of the article from another angle