Ming people also loved camping, and they also had these black technologies of outdoor life.

"Tuli pencil case 1 contains knives, awls, ears, teeth, news, nail clippers, files, hair and other pieces. Wine brand one, rhyme brand one, poetry tube one: red leaves or notes are hidden in it to record poems. Hide the comb and box so that you can stay in the mountains. Open and close external locks. The mountain tour with you seems to be prepared. "

In the Ming Dynasty, Gao Lian listed articles about climbing mountains and staying overnight in Eight Notes on Respect for Life. What is "news"? This message was originally used for ear pulling. "Those who put bird feathers on bamboo needles to remove earwax are called news. "In the Ming Dynasty, the attention paid by scholars to consumption can be seen.

People in the late Ming Dynasty often called themselves "wanderlust". Zhang Dai said that "people can't make friends without addiction, because they are heartless", and Wang Yangming's poem "Landscape becomes a lifelong addiction". Yuan Hongdao's Travel Notes on the West Lake, Wang Shizhen's Travel Notes on the Two Mountains in Dongting Lake, Zhang Dai's Travel Notes on the Lake Pavilion and Watching the Snow, as well as Xu Xiake's great contributions such as Travel Notes and Guang Zhi Yi, all show the prosperity of the population.

The literati's "wandering complex" in Ming Dynasty is especially manifested in "creation". Instead of belittling craftsmen, they practiced and injected "elegance" into ordinary musical instruments.

Shen Shu offended Quan Xiang Yan Song, and spent eighteen years in prison, taking pleasure in playing with literature. "By attacking the craftsman's art, there is no axe saw, and it is polished with a piece of iron every day, so it is profitable. Made into stationery, three large boxes, seven small boxes and two padlocks. A few brown bamboos, headed by (shà, Fan), are eighteen bones, with bamboo shoots, seams and keys. It is better to be firm and dense, and skilled craftsmen can do anything. "

Legend has it that the immortals in Hu Mei used plum as a raft, and the Qiantang Yellow River was like a boat made of bamboo, which was called "Floating Plum Threshold", and invited celebrities to write poems and collect them. For example, Tang Xianzu has a saying called "Huanglang New Bamboo Weaving". Since then, his daughter-in-law, Gu Ruofu, has specially built a "reading boat" on which Huang Can studied. When Huang Can came of age, he also built a "wave-breaking boat" and named himself "wave-breaking boat". The poems of the Huang family have been handed down from generation to generation.

What's more, there was a wonderful woodworking emperor in the Ming Dynasty, Ming Xizong. There is a poem in Ming Gong Zafu: "If you manage ten screens, the peasants are not poor. Shen Xiang carved a cold sparrow at a price of 100 thousand. " Who doesn't like the emperor's craftsmanship?

Recently, affected by the epidemic, outdoor camping has become a tourist hotspot. Some netizens commented that the whole circle of friends was camping during the May Day holiday this year. How to make camping full of "atmosphere" The Ming people developed a lot of outdoor life black technology.

(Ming) Shen Zhou's Sleeping Picture

In the Ming dynasty, everyone traveled as a team.

Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius: "People in the late spring have taken spring clothes, five or six crowns, and six or seven boys, bathing in interpretation, dancing in the wind and singing at home." This size is a set.

Shen Kuo in Song Dynasty suggested in Unforgettable Records: "There are not many people traveling in the mountains, but they should be tired, which hinders quiet enjoyment." But it's best to bring three servants. "It's enough for three people to have various applications. * * * things are two fans, two people carrying them, holding a few sticks and covering them with miscellaneous things to make three people more." Tourism in the Ming Dynasty, such as Wang Shizhen's "Zhanggong Cave Ji" and Yuan Hongdao's "You Pan Shan Ji", generally does not exceed six people and should be counted as a group tour. If you want to have a good time, there are many people who are willing to bear this burden.

In the journey to the west, Tang Priest learned the scriptures, and there were four groups of teachers and apprentices. Pig Bajie and Friar Sand are two porters. Pig Bajie always complains about the heavy burden. What did Tang Priest choose? According to the book, the burden of going west is "four vines and eight ropes." It is also rain-proof, and the felt is wrapped in three or four layers. The pole is still slippery and nailed at both ends. Nine-ring staff with copper embedded in iron, big cloak wrapped with silk vines. "Moving is the most afraid of moving books. Tang Priest has the habit of reading at night, and his burden is full of scriptures and Four Treasures of the Study.

Xu Xiake narrated that "I am an old man in cloth, lonely, poor in rivers and sand, traveling in Kunlun, and having a different title", saying that I am not "lonely". Xu Xiake hired several more policemen along the way, sometimes four, at most six. Xu Xiake's luggage is very heavy, and one baggage is not enough. He should use "two shoulders" Xu Xiake always writes in his diary that he wants to "change his husband" somewhere, and writes "change his husband" four times a day at most. In addition, he also carried six volumes of the family heirloom "Castle Peak Post" and enjoyed it with friends all the way. Xu Xiake's demand for burden is actually similar to that of Tang Priest.

The Tang Priest is a monk who travels with a mord. Xu Xiake's "loneliness" refers to a bamboo stick. "Bamboo poles and sandals are lighter than horses. Who's scared? A misty rain is a lifetime. " A poem by Su Shi defines the elegance of mountains and rivers that are indifferent to later generations.

What did the Ming people wear when traveling? Wear wild clothes. According to Zhang Chou's research on wild clothes, a set of wild clothes includes fur hats, deerskin belts, straw sandals, straw skirts, short brown, hats, hemp fibers, nylon rods, straw sandals, bamboo sticks, sticks and thunder hoes. I want to come one by one, just like "Zhuge Village people".

In the eighth episode of The Scholars, during the Jiajing period, the two sons of Lou Jia went to visit Fu Taishou. "Taishou also changed into a wild suit and came out on the roof with a cane." Literati spirit can be realized by switching between stretching and hiding, changing clothes and leaning on sticks. This is the correct solution to "loading".

Lu You got an old cane that year and recited the poem "I have a Gu Teng cane that looks like a dragon". Is it like Pang's song "My skateboard shoes are the most fashionable"? However, the rattan on the rooftop is Lu You's favorite: "If you want to go to the rooftop of the Ming Dynasty, try asking an expert for one." When Xu Xiake visited Tiantai Mountain, he also tried to find the Wannian vine on Tiantai Mountain. I didn't find Tiantai rattan, so I had to use "loneliness".

Wu wants a bamboo pole with vines on the roof. "A stick costs tens of gold", such as buying "time or no food".

Lu you

There is Gan Kun in the suitcase.

According to Yi, in the Ming Dynasty, Beijingers were convenient to travel, and the riverside scene was clear. "The tray boxes of high-beam bridges look like paintings." The Chronicle of Yanjing in the Qing Dynasty also said: "In the Ming Dynasty, there were often more than ten people who were good at this, brought a laundry list of wine vessels, spread them on them, and enjoyed drinking ice."

Disks and boxes are the same thing, and they are necessary artifacts for people to travel in the Ming Dynasty. Du Lan was first seen in Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty. It is mainly used to hold tea sets, and it is named after knowing everything. In the Ming dynasty, it developed into a suitcase and expanded greatly.

Gao Lian once made his own "suitcase", which is a good match. Gao Lian's suitcase is divided into two floors, "like a kitchen" and "far away and light enough for six guests". The lower floor is used as a small warehouse, which can hold six wine glasses, a hip flask, six chopsticks and two cups. The upper floor is divided into six compartments, four compartments, each compartment contains six dishes, and the fruit bowl contains wine. There are two grids, each with four large plates and salmon dishes for cooking. "In addition, we made our own' lifting stove', which is similar to the style of lifting box. We can cook tea, warm wine and porridge. Carry a suitcase, a burden and a stove on your back, and you can start.

Xu Cishu, a native of Qiantang, wrote "Tea Sparse", which includes "Mountain Furniture": "Prepare all kinds of utensils, which are famous for their tea fragrance, and go to their own rooms. One tea merchant, one note 2, one hammer, four small European, one washing, one bronze stove and one small noodle washing are all added by them. Seven sachets are filled in a small censer. I think they are rich shoulders, and a thin urn is filled with 30 kilograms of water, which is half a shoulder. " Not only can you hold tea sets, but you can also hold wine containers and incense containers, which is more diversified.

The Palace Museum has a Qianlong imperial travel stationery box made of rosewood, which can be folded, unfolded into a table and folded into a box. It can collect 64 small and exquisite Four Treasures of the Study and various utensils, as well as a small color landscape painting scroll, a small landscape painting album and more than two volumes by the court painter. Folding tables appeared in the Ming Dynasty. Gao Lian said in "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" that it is recommended to bring two stacked tables when traveling abroad. A big table is used as a dining table. "Fold your feet on both sides to make a table, fold it up and put it in a box for easy carrying. The floor is paid for this. " Another small table acts as a table. "Take Shuimo Nanmu as an example, sitting outside, burning incense in the furnace, and arranging flowers in the bottle as a reward."

When it comes to folding furniture, you can't help but rush. Hu's bed is not a bed. Those with a backrest are called top seats, those without a backrest are called shuttle seats, and they can also be called Mazar. Hu Chuang has two great historical contributions. First, it changed the sitting habits of the ancients, from sitting on the floor to sitting with feet hanging down, which was called "free and unfettered seat" in the Tang Dynasty. Second, "you can hold it on the table" (Zi Tong Zhi Jian), and introduce the folding design idea into ancient furniture.

Ganlong Royal Travel Writing Box Collected in the Palace Museum

Revolutionary position at the top

Hu Chuang was introduced into the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was welcomed by Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui avoided the word "Hu" and Hu Chuang changed his name to Jiao Chuang. The word "bed" in Li Bai's "My foot is so bright" is Hu Chuang.

The top chair in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is simple in structure, with a cross-legged chair and a horizontal backrest. A joke of Su Shi was told in Chengzhai Poetry Talk. Su Shi visited Runzhou, and the satrap Gao Hui hosted a banquet for him. During the dinner, geisha sang "Only a cup of spring grass can keep good guests away", and Su Shi took the next sentence "But let me eat grass". "After the prostitute set up Dongpo, the person who slept in Dongpo laughed, the bed broke, Dongpo fell to the ground, and the guests laughed." Or because of this. For example, in Jin Ping Mei, this kind of Hu bed with backrest is called "Dongpo Chair".

The famous "plush chair" is also the top spot. According to Quayle Collection, the "plush chair" was named after the place where Qin Gui sat. On Wen Zhiming's "Wen Zhong Chair". This chair was later owned by Zeng Sun Wen. During the Chongzhen period, Wen Meng Zhen entered the cabinet to pay his respects to the Prime Minister and was honored as a surname. The chair used is called a plush chair. There is already a saying about the plush chair in Jin Ping Mei. Wen Zhenheng, Wen's younger brother, said in "Chronicles of Long History": "It is most convenient to go out of the mountain or use a boat." If you take a "Taishi" on a trip, it can't be Qin Gui.

The most revolutionary idea is that the top spot was transformed into a flying chair by the Ming people. According to the Records of Wuxian County, in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Xu Zeng made a human-driven flying car, which looked like a plush chair. People sit in a chair, their feet hit the board, get on and off the plane, and the wind gallops away. "If you are more than a foot above the ground, you can't fly across the harbour. "This invention should be ranked first in the Ming Dynasty, and it really fulfilled Mr. Dongpo's imagination of' I want to go home by the wind'.

Li Yu designed a cool rafter in Qing Dynasty. The cool surface of the embankment is like a square box covered with square tiles. "First extract cold water and store it in the dike, and cover it with tile. Make sure there is water below, it is as cold as ice, and then change the water after heating, and the water stops several spoonfuls, which is not enough. " In Jin Ping Mei, there is a passage about "Liang". Under the grape trellis in Ximen Qing, I wonder if Li Yu was inspired by this?

Guan Xue Temple is a paper tent.

Tents have existed since ancient times, and Mozi contains "three military tents." The ancients usually spent the night on ships, in reverse tours or in ancient temples. Camping is often called "outdoor accommodation", and most people have to do it. Lu You's open-mindedness is rare.

Were there any civil camping tents in ancient times? There are examples in The Legend of Wulin. Song Xiaozong accompanied Emperor Song Gaozong to Qiantang to watch the tide, and temporarily set up 50 tide-watching rooms. People have followed suit. "Your home is full of people, with more than 20 colorful curtains and few roads. Around Xixing, curtains are tied and colorful embroidery shines on the river. "

According to Meng Hui, a scholar, the design of Guan Xue Temple originated from the paper kiosks in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Paper kiosks are kept indoors for heating in winter. One of the great beauty is to burn incense in it, and the fragrance will last for a long time. There is a plum blossom paper account in Eight Chapters of Respect for Life: "Make one, cover it with white paper, step on the bed in front, stand a small candle on the left, set up a incense pot and burn wisteria incense."

As for Hangwo, Shao Yong, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, called it "comfortable nest". Shao Yongshan made friends, and friends built a house to receive Shao Yong like a comfort station, which was called "the journey in the nest". After Shao Yong's death, there was a poem "Spring breeze and autumn moon around, leaving twelve families cold". Now homestays all over the country are building tents to attract guests because of camping fever, which is very similar to the idea of going to the nest.

In Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, when Su Shi was appointed as the satrap of Ruyin, he "chose the winning pavilion, taking the curtain as the first one in the world". Su Shi remembered the way to choose a pavilion: "It's a pavilion, with eaves and beams, chiseled and arranged, strewn at random, supported by red oil, with four pavilions." I can go wherever I want, and ten husbands can use water to lift, except the bed. " In the Song Dynasty, the seven signs of clouds recorded the legend of Wuyi immortals. Wu Yijun, a fairy in Wuyishan, holds a banquet every year, "setting up a curtain pavilion and turning Hongqiao into a mountain", so Wuyishan is also called "curtain pavilion". The design of the pavilion is similar to the legend of the curtain pavilion.

The changes of the times behind luxury

Zhang Dai wrote Autumn Night in Tiger Hill in Tao An's Dream, and thousands of people sang Hu Cheng Wanqing. We can recall the grand occasion of camping in the late Ming Dynasty: "On the day of the month, there are a hundred things to boast about. Ten times, the cymbals and fish were mixed with the old, and the earth shook and the thunder rumbled, but they were not heard." What's more, the drums and cymbals are gradually resting, the silk and bamboo are flourishing, and the music is mixed. They are all the same Daqu' Jin Fankai, Hu Cheng Wanqing', squatting and playing, regardless of the sound of gongs, wires and bamboos. "

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the literati were "dissolute" and "materialistic" because:

The first is the development of commodity economy. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, society gradually attached importance to extravagance, and the tradition of cheap business was covered up. Especially in Jiangnan, "it is better to be vulgar without Confucianism, but not to stop." Literati tend to be exquisite in aesthetics. For example, in Wang Kun's Miscellanies of Gardens, it is said that "the more skillful human nature is, the more products there are". Timothy brook, a contemporary historian, said in his book "The Confusion of Zongle": "When everyone started to chase what should belong to the gentry class, these gentry tried to maintain their privileged position relative to the latecomers by constantly modifying aesthetic rules."

Second, the political situation declined in the late Ming Dynasty. Gu Yuncheng began to describe it as "the sky were to fall" during the Wanli period. The road to the temple is getting narrower and narrower, and the literati will open up spiritual space in the mountains and rivers. Fan Lian, a member of Amin Dynasty, lamented that "customs are pure and tend to be thin, and they can't go back when they leave the river." Of course, there are people like Qian who still cherish the memory of "the world is rich in products and beautiful customs" after the national subjugation.

Third, western learning spread to the east in the late Ming Dynasty. Western missionaries came to China, which opened the eyes of Ming literati. Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci compiled The Elements of Geometry, while Wang Zheng and the Swiss missionary Deng Hanyu compiled Illustrations of Strange Objects in the Far West. The inherent thinking of literati class began to change, and the trend of practical learning rose.