Why Song Ci is the third record of grievances? ...

The rise and fall of historical dynasties and the replacement of vivid historical figures have left a deep mark in the long river of history. Next, an interesting historical series will take you into the story of Song Ci.

Song Ci (1 186- 1249), whose real name is Hui Fu, is a famous ancient forensic scientist and the founder of forensic medicine. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were people in Tongyouli, Jianyang County (at the foot of Younan Mountain today). I learned Song Ci from my father when I was a child. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he studied under Jianyang Scholar and Zhu Brother Wu Zhi, and under Wu Zhi's classmates, Yi Bangjia and other celebrities. He attaches importance to practice and strives for true knowledge. In the first year of jubilee in the Southern Song Dynasty (1205), he went to Beijing to study for imperial academy. At that time, Dr. Zhen, who presided over imperial academy, was a famous Neo-Confucianism. I really found that the articles in Song Ci came from my heart and showed my true feelings, so I valued him very much. Song Ci worshipped him as a teacher.

In the tenth year of Jiading (12 17), Song Ci was the top scholar in two subjects, and was awarded as the county captain of Yinxian County (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province), but he did not go to his post because of his father's illness. In the second year of Baoqing (1226), he embarked on his official career and served as the main book of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. Anfu made Zheng Xingzhi admire his ability to bring order out of chaos and counter-rule, and expanded the participation of the shogunate in the army, which was sponsored by many organizations. Four years (123 1 year), recommended by Fujian Road, Song Ci was appointed as the magistrate of Changting County. At that time, the people in this county suffered from high salt. They traveled from Haikou to Minjiang River, and the salt was transported to Changting every other year. At the beginning of taking office, he changed from Chaozhou to Changting along Hanjiang River and Tingjiang River, and the round trip was only in March, which greatly saved the freight. The government sells salt cheaply, and the people sing praises. Li Zongjiaxi was born in Shao (now Fujian) in the first year (1237).

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The following year, there was a famine in western Zhejiang, and local strongmen hoarded by natural disasters, reaching the point of "fighting for millions", and many people starved to death. Song ci was sent to the people's territory and sighed at the sun: "I was forced to live in a huge room." At first, I went to the countryside to avoid taxes, but in the end, I closed it to attract profits. I should be the one who seeks it. " At the request of Prime Minister Li Zongmian, he put forward the method of "helping the poor and eating" to the court. He suggested that local residents be divided into five categories according to the rich and the poor. The poorest people should get full help, the better people should get half the food, the best people should get half the food, and the best people should get the food of the people. The government should provide rice for comprehensive relief. Song dynasty felt that the rule was unstable and accepted his suggestion. As a result, all people obeyed orders and the people did not starve to death, which enabled the people to survive the famine.

Song ci is honest and loving the people, and its law enforcement is strict. In particular, "prison cases, repeated trials, dare not slow down." In the third year of Jiaxi (1239), he was promoted to Ganzhou, where he was a farmer. The next year, he was promoted to Guangdong prison and found that most of his officials did not perform their duties. "Some people have been in prison for several years and have no detailed answers." So within eight months of taking office, he formulated a case-handling statute and ordered his officials to implement it within a time limit. At the same time, in-depth field visits and investigations have cleared up a large number of unjust, false and wrong cases, wrong cases, unsolved cases, extorting confessions by torture and other unjust, false and wrong cases. More than 200 prisoners (sentenced to death) have been tried, some of whom are innocent people who have been framed and wronged. They have been rehabilitated and exempted from the death penalty. At the same time, it also punished a number of officials, prisoners and criminals who were at large for taking bribes and bending the law.

Because Song Ci's "hearing the case clearly and deciding Congo" and "people-oriented" are famous among the people of Guangzhou. When he was transferred to Tiaodian Prison in Jiangxi, he was the master of Jiangxi people and severely punished illegal salt sellers. In the fifth year of Chun You (1245), he was transferred to Changzhou. He proposed to rebuild the piling record and began to edit the grievance record. After the expiration, he was transferred to a prison in Guangxi, visited various ministries, carried out revenge and prohibited violent activities. Although he was remote and drowned, he would visit him himself. In the seventh year of Chunyou (1247), he was appointed as the ambassador of Zhimi Pavilion and Hunan Province. In the winter of that year, it was written as Injustice Collection and published in Hunan Xianzhi (AD 1247).

In the eighth year of Chunyou (1248), Ren Bao received his bachelor's degree in Ai Mo Pavilion, and was ordered to patrol the Fourth Road and take charge of the prison. In the ninth year of Chunyou (A.D. 1249), he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Zhangge, the magistrate of Guangzhou, and the ambassador to Guangdong. That spring, I suddenly felt dizzy, so I went to work as usual. The local Gong Xue held a ceremony to worship Confucius, but Song Ci still presided over it personally. My spirit was greatly weakened afterwards. On the seventh day of March of the same year, he died in Guan Yu, Guangzhou at the age of 64. On July 15th of the following year, he was buried in Changmao Village, Songjiazu Village, Jianyang County (now Chongluo Township). Song Lizong presented a gift to Dr. Chao Yi, and praised him as a "minister to relieve worries at home and abroad". He personally wrote "Ci Huizi Fu, the Tomb of Song Gong" for the tombstone. Song Ci served as a senior criminal officer for four times, and later served as an envoy of the Fourth Road to the Treasure Desert, and was also the "general manager". Long-term practice in judicial prisons has enabled him to accumulate rich experience in forensic examination. Injustice was written by him all his life.

The Song Dynasty edition of Injustice Collection has not been found so far, and the earliest existing edition is Yuan Dynasty edition of Injustice Collection. The content starts from the "Regulations" and ends with the "Supervision Theory", which consists of 5 volumes and 53 articles. The contents include the importance of forensic examination and its specific steps, the identification of difficult casualties, and the analysis of true and false scars. Yi Yuan Ji involves forensic knowledge such as corpse identification, changing corpses in four seasons, killing people, committing suicide, arson, drowning, taking poison, rope strangulation, clubbing, falling, cattle and horses trampling, four turns strangulation, eating and drinking, and internal injuries. Bo and pathology, pharmacology, anatomy, first aid, gynecology, pediatrics and other medical knowledge. The anthology Remember Injustice has also made many contributions to toxicology. The book records the symptoms of various poisons, pointing out that those who take poison "will vomit evil things before they die, or have black blood, Gu Dao's swelling or large intestine passing"; After death, "the mouth and eyes are open, the face is purple or blue, the lips are purple or black, the nails of hands and feet are blue or dark, and there is blood between the mouth, eyes and ears." There are many practical detoxification prescriptions and first aid methods attached to the book.

Song Ci put forward the motive and purpose of writing this book at the beginning of Preface to Literary Prison Collection: "Prison affairs are no more important than making great progress, making great progress is no more important than first love, and first love is no more important than testing. Covering the strength code of life and death, wasting the opportunity of flexion and extension. So in the decision. " He also said: "The loss of prison conditions is mostly due to the difference between the beginning and the inspection." Song Ci compiled this book for the purpose of "rehabilitating false and wrong cases" and "bringing back the dead". Therefore, Song Ci repeatedly emphasized that it should be "tried and tested, but not delayed". He repeatedly warned the case handlers "not to stink" and "to personally participate in the corpse". In-depth field investigation, "it must be a multi-party body visit, and you must never trust one or two people." During the inspection, "it must be a detailed inspection, and everything must be realistic." At the same time, it is still necessary to understand the social relations and economic situation of the victim before his life and fully grasp the real evidence. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the thought of Song Ci was very valuable.

Yi Yuan Ji is the first monograph on forensic medicine in China and the first systematic book for judicial examination in the world. As soon as it came out, it was highly valued by the imperial court and ordered to be promulgated throughout the country, becoming a necessary book for forensic officials. It was first introduced to North Korea as early as the early Ming Dynasty, and has been a standard work in the field of forensic examination in North Korea for more than 300 years. In the thirty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1694), the National Law Museum organized manpower to revise the Collection of Injustice, researched dozens of ancient books, and finally made it the Record of Correcting Injustice in the National Law Museum, which was promulgated nationwide. After the Opium War, it was translated and introduced by western scholars to Holland, Germany, France, Britain and other countries. In 1950s, the book "History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Examination" written by Professor Celif Kov of the Soviet Union engraved a portrait of Song Ci at the front, and was regarded as "the founder of forensic medicine".