Practical Significance of Piaget's Early Childhood Education

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introduce

Piaget divided the cognitive development of children and adolescents into four stages: perceptual movement stage, pre-operation stage, concrete operation stage and formal operation stage. He believes that all children will go through these four stages in turn. Although children may develop at different speeds through these stages, it is impossible to skip a certain stage of development.

The same person may be engaged in different stages of activities at the same time, which is especially obvious in the transition period from one stage to a new stage. The following table summarizes Piaget's approximate age when he went through four stages of children and adolescents, and the main performance of each stage. Usually, the children who make their parents collapse most are in the specific calculation stage (see the following example for details).

Piaget's cognitive development stage

1

Perceptual motor stage (birth ~2 years old) This stage of babies or young children explore the world around them through their senses and motor skills.

At first, all babies have instinctive reflex behavior. Touching the newborn's lips will cause sucking; Putting your hand on the baby's palm will cause grasping; These behaviors, as well as other behaviors, are instinctive and are the basis for children to establish their initial schema. Schema: the behavior or thinking mode shown by children.

At this stage, the easiest thing for parents to interfere with is to stop their children from eating their fingers (I have done such stupid things myself). From a psychological point of view, the behavior of eating fingers should be that children are preparing for exploring the world. They use their mouths to feel whether their hands are dominated by themselves. How does it feel? Why is this happening? They know our environment with their mouths.

This is Montessori's oral period. At this time, if we break the child's craving period, then at some point in the future, the child will have another craving period. Leaves grow out at the age of five. )

Through the study of "developmental psychology" and "sensitive period", I realize that children sucking their fingers are only laying a solid foundation for themselves to explore the world with their hands. If the foundation is unstable now, it will affect the exploration ability of the children behind. The greatness of nature shows that it will give us a second chance. Children will lay a good foundation for themselves in the future, and then they will explore the world more actively (sensitive period needs to be supplemented later).

Another development sign of nastic movement stage is the persistence of objects. Piaget believes that children must realize that an object, as a substance, is unchangeable, even if it is no longer in front of them. Once children realize that objects that are not in front of them still exist, they begin to use symbols to represent these foods in their minds so that they can think about these things.

For example, we put a ball in front of the child and cover it with a piece of cloth. The child can't move the cloth, but thinks the ball is missing. As children grow up, when we play this game, they will remove the cloth, and then they have formed the concept of permanence of objects.

2

Children in the pre-operation stage (2-7 years old) have stronger thinking ability about food and can use symbols to represent things. Their language and concepts are developing at an alarming rate.

At this stage, children's thinking has the following characteristics:

1. Centralization: Focus on only one aspect of the situation. In the video below, children may think that less juice is poured into a narrow container, because they only pay attention to the height of the container and ignore the width.

Piaget's Pre-operation-Conservation Task _ Tencent Video

2. Reversibility: refers to the ability to change the thinking direction and return to the starting point.

There was a joke on the internet before, which showed that children at this stage did not have this reversible thinking.

Q: Do you have any brothers or younger brothers?

A: Yes.

Q: What's his name?

His name is XXX.

Q: Does so-and-so have a brother or younger brother?

A: No.

3. Egocentricity: Children at this stage think that the world in the eyes of others is exactly the same as what they see.

When playing hide and seek, we can clearly know that the child is at this stage. As shown below. I believe that all parents and children have been like this for some time when playing hide and seek.

three

In the specific operation stage (7 years old-1 1 year old), although the primary school students in the specific operation stage have improved significantly compared with the preschool children in the operation stage, they still can't think like adults.

Flawell described children in the specific operation stage as adopting "an unimaginative, concrete and practical problem-solving method, which has always been inseparable from the real world where they can perceive and reason."

Example: Nuo Nuo (my niece) does her second grade math homework. The topic of the homework is this: Students in Class 2 (1) line up to do the problem and stand in 8 rows. There are six people in the first seven rows, and only five people in the eighth row. Please calculate: How many people are there in Class Two and Class One (1)?

The first method is simple: 6*7+5=47 people.

The second method: 6*8- 1=47 people.

When I was teaching Nuo Nuo the Second Method, I thought I had made it very clear, but Nuo Nuo just didn't understand. I drew a picture first.

Let Nuo Nuo listen to me while looking at the picture: Isn't the eighth row owed? Then let's assume that there is a person here, represented by red. So, now it's one person, 8*6=48, right?

However, the person just assumed does not exist, so take it out of the total and subtract one. 8*6- 1=47, the answer is out.

I explained this several times, but Nuo Nuo just didn't understand.

Mother Ye couldn't stand it anymore, so she called Nuo Nuo to her side, drew the same picture and explained, "Is this the way this class is arranged?" There are six people in the first seven rows and five people in the last row. At this time, Yaya saw a little brother and sister waiting in line, which made him feel very funny. He wanted to wait in line, and then he ran to the last row of the queue. At this time, the person who counts is counting, 8*6=48. After counting, I'll report to the teacher. There are 48 people in our class.

Do you think the number of people counted is correct? Nuo Nuo replied, "No, she counted Xiao Ye. Xiao Ye is not in this class. " Mother Ye continued: "What should I do?" Nuo Nuo said, "Oh, you have to subtract one, 8*6- 1=47."

Mother Ye was very happy after hearing this and gave me a contemptuous look. Unconvinced, I called Nuo Nuo to my side and came up with a similar question to see if Nuo Nuo really understood it. Nuo Nuo answered my question correctly, and can give the solution process.

After studying developmental psychology, I realized that Nuo Nuo did not have perfect abstract thinking ability at present. She can explain the problem from people around her or vivid examples and understand the problem quickly.

At present, there are not a few parents who accompany their children to do homework in primary school 1-3 grades, and many of them are on the verge of collapse. In the process of teaching Nuo Nuo, I was also extremely devastated. Why don't I understand?

In fact, it's not that your child is stupid, but that we, as parents, don't understand the child's way of thinking and can't give appropriate solutions to the problem. If you communicate with your child with the right thinking, I believe you will get twice the result with half the effort.

four

Formal operation stage (1 1 ~ adult) Around puberty, children's thinking began to develop into formal operation stage.

Formal thinking is the main feature of adult thinking. Adolescent children begin to have abstract thinking and can understand various possibilities without being limited by the specific situation at hand. The development of this ability continues until adulthood. Here we mainly talk about the first three stages, because the last stage can communicate with children in an adult's way of thinking, so I won't go into details.

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