Lv Xingwei lived in education for two generations.

Lv Xingwei often speaks amazingly. He often says, "What people say is a cloud, and the old saying is incoherent. Otherwise, how can we develop our ideas and talents? "

19 18, Lv Xingwei was born in Ou 'an Village, Daming Town, Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province. My father died young and my mother made a living alone. However, this country mother is very discerning and knowledgeable. She gritted her teeth and wanted to provide education for her children.

At the age of 8, Lv Xingwei entered primary school; 13 years old, admitted to Xinchang Middle School in Zhejiang Province. He likes reading since he was a child. When he was in middle school, the headmaster saw that he liked reading, so he simply handed over the school library to him for management. As a result, he almost spent his middle school life in the library.

"At that time, we didn't want to go to high school, but we wanted to go to the Soviet Union. At 1935, we saw Zou Taofen's Message from Zong Ping. I saw such a good place in the world, and three people agreed to find a job to raise some money and walk from Xinchang to the Soviet Union. So I went to run a primary school, when I was 17 years old. "

Lv Xingwei, 17 years old, just graduated from junior high school, went to the ravine of Baiyan Village alone. After door-to-door publicity, he actually recruited 8 1 students, borrowed a ruined temple as a school building, and started Baiyan Primary School. The youngest student is 6 years old and the oldest is 18 years old, which is older than the teacher Lv Xingwei. Lv Xingwei said, "I did it. I became the principal, but no one came to lead the principal. It was just me, the principal was me, the teacher was me, I cooked my own meals, and I rang the bell. This is such a big principal. "

A year later, Lv Xingwei finally realized that his idea of going to the Soviet Union was naive, and he felt that he was not a decent doll principal, so he had the idea of further study, but the idea of saving the country through education was deeply rooted.

"The only difference in my experience is that I became a principal first and then a teacher." 1946 After graduating from Lv Xingwei University, he came to Shanghai. He taught in the underground Party-run Wu Sheng Middle School and joined the * * * Production Party.

On the third day after the liberation of Shanghai, Duan was ordered to take over Shidong Middle School with an educator. At that time, there were 26 public schools in the city, among which the political situation of Shidong Middle School was the most complicated. President Jiang Menglin is the leader of the Kuomintang Shanghai Youth League. He goes in and out of school in a black car every day, followed by bodyguards with pistols.

Later, Jiang Menglin surrendered, but many important members of the Kuomintang still hid among teachers and students, waiting for trouble. On June 30th, Duan He officially took office, and the takeover meeting went smoothly. On that day, Lv Xingwei wore a suit, and the teachers and students sitting at the bottom were surprised. Why doesn't the principal of the producer wear a military uniform? Who would have thought that this principal was high flyers, who graduated from Zhejiang Normal University. At the age of 30, Lv Xingwei became the principal as early as 14 years ago, but he was self-appointed at that time, and now he is appointed by Mayor Chen Yi.

When the progressive forces gradually took control of the situation, they began to openly form groups to build the party, and more and more students demanded progress. The most difficult Kuomintang fortress in Shanghai middle school was completely conquered and gained a new life.

The 1950s was an era of burning passion. Lv Xingwei worked hard day and night to reform education, paying attention to quality and demonstrating in class. At that time, because of the limited capacity of the school, in order to let more children of working people go to school, Lv Xingwei made great efforts to create a school-running model of "three classes and two classrooms", that is, 30 classrooms were used to recruit students from 45 classes. Each student has full-day classes twice a week, and the other four days are half-day classes and half-day activities, which can not only fill the teaching building, but also ensure the quality of education. Results This practice was quickly popularized in the whole city, and the enrollment of the whole city was nearly 1/3 without increasing the number of school buildings. Lv Xingwei served as the principal of Shidong Middle School for seven years, making this school a banner of Shanghai's educational reform.

Lv Xingwei recalled: "My students number about tens of thousands. There are two points: first, I haven't found any classmates jumping up and down during the Cultural Revolution. Second, so far, I haven't found anyone corrupt. The students I trained can basically do things honestly. "

When the headmaster became famous, Lv Xingwei was transferred from 1956 to education bureau of shanghai, where he became the director of the municipal teaching and research section, the director of the general education department, and even the deputy director. Some people are keen on Lv Xingwei. Why didn't he do more for such a talented person? Some people say that he was born at a bad time, because Lv Xingwei was 60 years old when the Cultural Revolution ended. Others say that he was too opinionated and offended many people. Lv Xingwei himself said that the top leaders in the 1960s and 1970s were engaged in political movements, and I had the opportunity to carry out educational reform all the time, which was better. I am an educator first, not an official. He went deep into the grassroots to train teachers and helped them hand in hand. Found and trained famous teachers and principals in China, such as Gao Runhua and He Ni.

Lv Xingwei often said, "I like moving. When I was in office, I also liked to run down. I don't sit in my office much. Wherever I go, I will speak at conferences, big and small. People also like me to talk, tell the truth, tell the truth and talk about business, so I think I am a business cadre, not a political cadre. "

Lv Xingwei likes talking, and he can't help making a statement. Some people like to listen to him, others don't, because he often speaks amazingly. He often said: "People talk like clouds, and if you don't say it, you will have it. Otherwise, how can we develop our ideas and talents? "

After the Cultural Revolution, education in China ushered in a "spring" to bring order out of chaos, and everything was in ruins. 1In the winter of 978, Lv Xingwei visited France as the vice president of China Education International Exchange Association, and then went to Japan and the United States one after another. Advanced foreign education and teaching theories and technologies have broadened Lv Xingwei's horizons and ideas. He called classroom teaching the first channel to spread knowledge, and the information channels other than classroom teaching the second channel, and put forward that both should be paid equal attention. 1983 published the article "Reform the first channel, develop the second channel, and establish a teaching system that pays equal attention to both channels".

After the article was published, it caused an uproar. From Shanghai to the Ministry of Education, many educational leaders have publicly expressed their opposition. Lv Xingwei wrote another article, Re-discussing Two Channels, and sent it to Educational Research, a theoretical magazine headed by the Ministry of Education. The editor-in-chief got the article and dared not make a decision. He asked the director of the Central Education Institute, the organizer of the publication. After reading it, the director said, "Lao Lu is the vice president of China Education Association, and I am also the vice president. I am not qualified to comment on his article. " The editor-in-chief had to send the article to the vice minister of education in charge of publishing. The vice minister felt that there was nothing wrong with the article, but it was inconvenient to express his position. Around a big circle, and finally the editor-in-chief mercilessly: hair! As soon as the article was published, it immediately attracted some controversy.

At that time, from Heilongjiang to Hainan Island, students read the same textbooks and tested the same questions, which were called "one class, one book", and there was no right to change them below. Lv Xingwei believes that the development of China is extremely unbalanced. It is obviously unscientific to teach with the same courses and textbooks and choose the same examination questions. At that time, he served as a member of the curriculum textbook examination and approval Committee of the Ministry of Education. At a meeting to discuss the national curriculum materials, he formally put forward the idea of "more classes and more books", which was opposed on the spot. He stuck to his point of view and defended it. Finally, a compromise was reached: "one syllabus and many books", that is, the Ministry of Education formulated a unified syllabus, and under the guidance of the syllabus, various teaching materials could be compiled.

But new problems are coming again. Textbooks can be compiled by themselves, but the college entrance examination is still a national proposition. So, how to compile the new textbook? Who dares to use it? Another great contribution of Lv Xingwei to education in Shanghai is that he successfully won the right of independent examination in Shanghai College Entrance Examination in 1980s. In 2002, after Shanghai won the right to make independent propositions in the college entrance examination, Beijing also joined the ranks of independent propositions in the college entrance examination. By the college entrance examination in 2006, there were 16 provinces and cities in China, accounting for half of the provinces in China, and the situation of "one nationwide volume" was completely broken. Lv Xingwei's pioneering spirit enjoys a high reputation in the education field of China. It is his open and inclusive mind and resolute responsibility that has effectively promoted the development of education in Shanghai and even the whole country. It can be said that there is a strong personal imprint of Lv Xingwei in the history of education in Shanghai. Now the earth is getting warmer and warmer and people's hearts are getting colder and colder. Moral education is the biggest problem of future education, which is not only my concern, but also an international issue.

Although this old man, known as the "living fossil" of contemporary basic education, retired as early as 20 years ago, Lv Xingwei has been active in the position of basic education in China, and more importantly, he has been thinking about the future of basic education in China.

Lu Lao's research on education began with the study of ants.

He liked to study ants since he was a child, and later engaged in education. He began to observe and study human characteristics. Of course, ants can't compete with people, but ants are smart. Like humans, they are well-organized social animals. As educators, the research object is people who claim to be the spirit of all things, but have not lost their animality. Humans have always been conceited and unwilling to confuse themselves with small animals, but they are often confused by the aura they create, which leads to education going astray. For example, the current one-child phenomenon, parents think that children are geniuses and can be presidents when they grow up. However, if we can give human beings, especially children a true face, we may know children more objectively and rationally, thus making education more in line with objective laws and more effective.

He said that with the development of science and technology, education is facing a major and profound recovery. A brand-new education will be born in the world, thus replacing the educational model that originated in the industrial age and is still in use today. This new educational model will be based on two new foundations, one is information technology, and the other is brain science. First, the material basis and external conditions of education; One is the discovery of human beings, which can be said to be internal conditions. The combination of the two will make education leap forward, and finally make people's potential greatly developed.

He believes that people only know that there are gold mines and silver mines, but they don't know that there are unfathomable "brain mines", which are more precious than gold and silver. The highest goal of 2 1 century education is to make "brain mineral" get the most effective and full development. The human brain has 65.438+04 billion neurons and 90 million auxiliary cells, which can store 654.38+0000 trillion information units, equivalent to 500 million books. Obviously, this mine is far from being developed at present. In addition to the brain, people also have a pair of hands called "second brain" by scientists. It is these two organs that open the gap between human beings and other animals and are worth studying.

When it comes to the future development of education, Mr. Lu is worried about moral education.

He has such an impressive saying: "Now the earth is getting warmer and warmer, and people's hearts are getting colder and colder. Moral education is the biggest problem in future education, which is not only my concern, because it is an international issue. Now human beings can enjoy the achievements brought by science and technology, make flying no longer a dream and clone their own lives, but there is one problem that cannot be solved, that is, moral education. At present, human morality is not improving, but declining. As an educator, I always wonder, where have all our educational achievements gone? "

He believes that the effect of our moral education work in the past ten years is not obvious, mainly because moral educators are conservative, have a narrow understanding of moral connotation, are full of utilitarian thoughts, and ignore the profound humanistic spirit foundation; The method is simple, formalism and impetuousness abound, and it is satisfied with short-term interests.

He made a humorous analogy: Have you seen the films used in rural fields? It's freezing outside and warm as spring inside. The film created a suitable growing environment for crops. So is moral education. We should create a suitable environment for children and a microclimate for the growth of talents. We can start with a person, a family, a school and a community to create an excellent microclimate, just like a greenhouse, so that "microclimate can play a big role."

In recent years, Lu Lao has been thinking about innovation. He said that in the wave of reform and development, formalism and impetuousness are quite serious. I call it edema and ADHD. Slogans are constantly being refurbished, and models are emerging one after another. Check it carefully. Apart from showing you some image projects, most of them are word games. In fact, everything remains the same. I also said that if the education reform fails in the end, the reasons are likely to come from the two diseases mentioned above. There are various reasons, some for fame, some for ignorance, just like track and field athletes boasting that they broke the world record without knowing what it is. Don't let experts laugh?

Based on such concerns, he suggested to Gu Lingyuan, then vice president of Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, that comrades who want to participate in the research group of the key project "Future-oriented Basic Education Schools" of the Ministry of Education should learn some educational history, mainly the history of educational thought, especially the representative figures and their masterpieces.

He often said with emotion: "Although I have also worked hard to study educational theory, tried to practice it in the front line and tried to innovate, in retrospect, there are few people who have truly innovated beyond their predecessors. I just keep learning, practicing and exploring, swinging between tradition and modernity, that's all. " I deeply feel that when we enter the information age and the age of brain science, there will be a major breakthrough in education, from theory to practice, but I have no chance. I can only hope for your generation. I hope you learn to stand on the shoulders of giants first. Second, we should practice running schools by ourselves; Third, we should investigate more and look around more; Fourth, we should care about social changes and the development of other sciences. "Educational ideas often exist outside education." . His thoughts have influenced generation after generation, and his life continues on more people with ideals and ambitions.

What is the greatest life value of an educator? It is his thoughts that influence the younger generation from generation to generation, and it is his life that continues on more people with ideals and ambitions. Lu Lao is such an educator who makes people stop at the top of the mountain, but always makes people learn and follow.

In his later years, Lu Lao handed over the key project of the Ministry of Education "Future-oriented Basic Education School", which spanned five "five-year plans", to Gu Lingyuan. What Gu Lingyuan felt was a heavy sense of responsibility and mission, and he dared not move forward relentlessly.

Speaking of the influence of Lu Lao on him, the Shanghai education hero was deeply moved. He said that the first thing is to be a man and actually do things. Lu Lao emphasized people's independent creative spirit and thought that people's creation and personality could not be lost between material desires and norms. I once asked Lao Lu this sentence, "Have you ever had an enemy?" He said, "No."I know he was wronged during the Cultural Revolution, but he laughed it off. The index of Lu Lao's being a man and learning can be described as "harmony without difference, struggle without struggle, humiliation without humiliation."

Second, link education with learning. At present, Lu Lao's evaluation of the teaching staff is "three have three little": "there are majors, no culture; There are disciplines and few skills; Responsibility is less attractive. " On the critical point of China's educational development, Lao Lu has his own views, and the wind is unstoppable. As early as 1980s, the idea of "developing potential, developing individuality and socializing education" was put forward. In view of formalism and superficial articles in education, Lu Lao vividly pointed out three points: "grandiose, impetuous and bloated." For some so-called quality education practices, Lu Lao ridiculed it as "ADHD" and put forward the view that "basic education must return to basics". His articles are short, but they are all dry goods. Facing the education in China in the new century, he pointed out the crux of three aspects: "Examination; Moral crisis; Talents can't get out. " I was shocked at the meeting of the Ministry of Education. "Development is the last word, but the last word must be reasonable, right?" Lao Lu disapproves of "one size fits all" education reform. He believes that "school education reform should be diversified, original and based on itself". It does not stipulate a predetermined road map, advocates "crossing the river by feeling the stones" and disapproves of blindly following the trend.

Third, reading and traveling. Old Lu is different from us in study. Two characteristics: reading and traveling. A lot of reading, wild books, casual books, extensive reading. After 80 years old, I still regard reading as the first pleasure in life. When Lu Lao was studying, he did not stick to education. From economy to literature and art, he dabbled extensively and looked for educational inspiration. He said: "Principals should have educational ideas and work outside pedagogy." Some time ago, Lao Lu was still studying two books, The Science of Uncertainty and Puzzlement of Pedagogy, and was still thinking about how to analyze why China people lack creativity from the perspective of education system.

Fourth, an open-minded and optimistic attitude. When Lao Lu was 90 years old, the doctor didn't allow him to come out, but he still liked going to school. Regarding his longevity, Lu Lao has a humorous saying: "Why do you live long? First, you have to sleep in a coffin; The second is to open the skull. " When I was engaged in land reform in Anhui, I had no place to sleep. Old Lu has been sleeping in the coffin. After sleeping, I am not afraid. A few years ago, Lao Lu had a brain operation and a chopstick-sized hole was cut in his head. The operation was a great success. Regarding the educational reform in China, Lao Lu thought that education was an "uncertain system" and proposed "crossing the river by feeling the stones". Then he said, "Cross the river by feeling the stones. So, where is the stone? " He raised the most crucial question with humorous words. When answering other people's questions, Lu Lao summed up his life in three sentences: "I have done some useful things;" I have done many stupid things, some wrong things; I'm still exploring. "Lu Lao's exploration is not empty talk. He studied the history of education, noticed the "pendulum phenomenon" in the history of education, found out several groups of core contradictions, and gave his own conclusion-"finding the middle ground among the four pairs of contradictions".

Gu Lingyuan's sentiment represents the voice of many educators. Lu Lao's behavior is a science with profound artistic conception and grand theory. Carry forward the past into the future, innovation has roots, and a living idea is continuous and endless. In the 1950s, it was first proposed to establish a work-study school.

1978, Reconstruction of Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Guidance Station.

65438-0979 In view of the disadvantages of the single secondary education structure, it is proposed to vigorously develop vocational education and establish 70 or 80 vocational schools in Shanghai.

In the 1980s, Shanghai Nanhui and other suburban counties explored rural education reform and put forward the viewpoint of "coordinating agriculture (industry) and teaching (learning) and combining adult education with vocational education", which was accepted by the central authorities.

In the early 1980 s, he proposed fitness and opposed pure competitive sports.

1984, in order to cooperate with the curriculum reform, Shanghai won the autonomy of the college entrance examination.

1984 suggests that "three orientations" should be taken as the guiding ideology of education and popularized throughout the country.

Starting from 1985, we explored the education model oriented to 2 1 century, and gradually established educational pilot demonstration schools in 18 provinces and cities nationwide, and carried out experiments for nearly 20 years.

199 1 put forward the slogan of promoting traditional virtues.