Ask the philosophical story about the political textbook of senior two and explain that the more truth, the better ~ thank you! !

Date of publication: 2005-11-0400: 49: 39 Number of visits: 929 Publisher: Huang Benqin.

A selection of fables and allusions

Editor's Note: This was originally written by myself according to the chapters of the old textbook, so the content is slightly different from the new textbook now.

The first lesson is to proceed from reality.

Fables and allusions kill dragons

Zhu sold his property, took 1200 gold, worshipped Sui as a teacher, and learned the skill of killing dragons. After three years of study, I returned. Someone asked him what he had learned. As he answered, he showed you the skills of killing dragons-how to hold down the dragon's head, how to step on the dragon's tail, how to operate from the dragon's neck and so on. Everyone asked him, where is the dragon killed? Only then did he realize that there is no such thing as a dragon in the world, and all his skills were learned in vain.

[Teaching Content] The existence and development of nature is objective.

[Brief analysis] It is the need of human survival and development and the embodiment of human essential ability to consciously use and transform natural objects and ask for them from nature. But if people want to use and transform nature, they must first have the objective existence of natural objects: to kill dragons, they must first have the existence of dragons. This is exactly what this fable tells us. Recognizing the objectivity of nature is the basic premise for human beings to consciously deal with the relationship between man and nature.

Fables refer to people and fish and geese.

There was a family named Tian in the State of Qi who held a grand banquet at home. Some guests presented fish and geese as gifts. The host was very happy after seeing it: "One day is really generous to us! Look, aren't these fish and geese all born for our appetite? " The guests listened and echoed. There is a child named Po on the seat, only twelve years old. He stands up and says, "I don't agree with you." Man is also one of the worlds. Due to the difference of intelligence, there are cases of the jungle in the biological world, but there is no truth that God predestines who lives for whom. Humans choose edible things to make food. Did God create these things specially for mankind? Just as mosquitoes drink human blood and tigers and wolves eat human flesh, is it God's will to give birth to people to cook for them? "

[Teaching Content] The existence and development of society is objective.

[Analysis] Idealists and theists always regard everything in the world as God or God's "masterpiece" and deny the objective materiality of human society. Materialists believe that human society is the inevitable result of the development of the objective world and the advanced stage of the development of the material world. Can't the words of Bao's children explain this point forcefully?

Fables and allusions are the easiest to draw ghosts.

A guest painted for the King of Qi. King Qi asked him, "What is the most difficult thing to draw?" He said, "It is the most difficult to draw a dog and a horse." The king of Qi asked again, "So what is the easiest thing to draw?" The guest said, "It is the easiest to draw ghosts. Because dogs and horses can be seen in front of people every day, it is not easy to draw them vividly. As for ghosts, they are invisible, invisible. No one has seen them before, and no one can prove that they are not like ghosts, so they are the easiest to draw. "

[Teaching Content] The existence and development of society is objective.

[Brief Analysis] This fable shows that there is no such thing as ghosts and gods. Ghosts and gods are nothing but people's subjective imagination, not objective reality. The emergence of society is neither the masterpiece of gods nor the creation of human consciousness, but the inevitable result of the long-term effect of the objective world's own strength.

Fables and allusions are pushed away from elephants.

Zhou Wang made a pair of ivory chopsticks, and Ji Zi was very worried. He thinks that once you have ivory chopsticks, you will never use a clay bowl to hold rice again. You must have clear cups and saucers made of rhinoceros and jasper to match. If you use jade cup ivory chopsticks, you will never serve millet dishes. Be sure to wrap up delicious food such as tail leopard tires. After eating a leopard tire, you will never wear coarse cloth to live in the toilet again. You must wear brocade clothes and live in a building. In this way, the desire to enjoy will continue to expand, and it is bound to fill a person's desire with the cream of the world, and the country will be in danger. Sure enough, Zhou Wang finally died. Therefore, the so-called sage is to see the micro-knowledge and infer the consequences from the clues.

[Teaching Content] Consciousness is the reflection of objective things in the human brain.

[Brief analysis] Future things will only appear in the future, but people can imagine the state of future things, predict the development trend of things, and make plans for their own actions. Is this consciousness a reflection of objective things? This fable tells us that Ji Zi's anxiety does not come out of thin air, but comes from "image", which is the reflection of objective things in the human brain.

Fable allusions are too big.

Qi Xuanwang asked Mencius, "I heard that the hunting ground in Zhou Wenwang is 70 miles in Fiona Fang. Is there such a thing? "

Mencius said, "It is recorded in the book."

"Is it really that big?"

"People at that time were still too young."

Qi Xuanwang sighed and said, "My hunting garden is only 40 miles. People think it is too big. Why? "

Mencius said, "Although the King Wen Hunting Garden is 70 miles away, ordinary people can also enter it to cut wood. King Wen and the people used this hunting park together, so people thought it was too small. What about you? When I first came to Qi, I didn't dare to enter the country until I knew the ban. It is said that people in the king's hunting garden are not allowed to cut wood and collect grass, and they are not allowed to go in and out at will. Killing an elk is punishable by death. Isn't this the trap of Fiona Fang's forty miles? People think it is too big and unreasonable? "

[Teaching Content] Consciousness can correctly reflect objective things.

[Brief analysis] People's thinking about the same objective thing. Due to the constraints of subjective and objective conditions, there will be right and wrong. Subjectively, it is mainly because of different positions, different world outlook and outlook on life, different ways of thinking and different knowledge composition. Facing the same hunting park, Qi Xuanwang is too small and ordinary people are too big. What is the reason? Class positions are different.

Fable allusion chicken thief

A man stole chicken from his neighbor. Someone advised him: "Don't steal, it's immoral." He said, "I'm determined to turn over a new leaf, but I'm addicted to stealing, so it's hard not to steal at once." Tell you what, starting today, I'll steal one in January and I won't steal it next year. Knowing that it is immoral, we should correct it as soon as possible. Why wait until next year? "

[Teaching Content] Consciousness can respond to objective things.

[Analysis] Correct consciousness can guide people to carry out practical activities effectively and promote the development of objective things; Wrong consciousness will lead people's activities astray and hinder the development of objective things. Therefore, we must attach importance to the role of consciousness, the strength of spirit, consciously establish a correct ideology and overcome the wrong ideology. The protagonist in the story clearly knows that it is wrong. Why not correct it in time and wait until next year?

Fables and allusions kill the wrong people.

The mother-in-law next door died, and the family needed a funeral eulogy, so the family asked the teacher in the private school to help write one. Shu copied an article from an ancient book, but I didn't expect to copy Zhang Yue's Shu by mistake. During the funeral, the literate found that the eulogy was completely wrong. The family ran back to the private school to scold the teacher. The teacher explained, "The eulogy in ancient books was published, so it can't be wrong anyway. I'm afraid the wrong person died in your family. "

[Teaching content] Subjectivity must conform to objectivity.

[Analysis] Everything starts from reality, that is, when we think about problems and do things, we must take the objective reality as the fundamental starting point. It requires us to decide our subjective thoughts and behaviors according to objective facts. The hero in the story, however, takes everything as the standard, copying it, but completely ignores the objective reality in front of him, and finally makes a big joke.

Fable allusion Yu Tao and Jun.

There is a law in Weiguo: whoever steals the king's carriage will have his feet cut off. At that time, Zixia Mi was very popular with the king. Late one night, someone came from the countryside to report that Zixia Mi's mother was very ill. Zixia Mi ran to the palace, stole the king's carriage, and returned to the countryside on a starry night. Hearing this, Qi Weiwang praised him and said, "What a rare dutiful son. For the sake of his mother, he forgot that he would be punished by cutting off his feet. " Zixia Mi is playing with the king in the orchard again. Zixia Mi ate a big, sweet peach, and gave it to the king with half the leftover peach, asking him to have a taste. The king smiled and said, "Zixia Mi really loves me! I just want to let me taste the sweetness and forget that his saliva is still on the left peach. " A few years later, Zixia Mi gradually lost the king's favor and offended him. The king said, "you were very arrogant when you stole my carriage;" What can I do to insult me by eating your leftover peaches again? "Zixia Mi's behavior has not changed. He used to be considered kind, but later he was found guilty. Only that the king's likes and dislikes have changed.

[Teaching content] Subjectivity must conform to objectivity.

[Brief analysis] It is the fundamental foothold for people to correctly understand and transform the world to proceed from reality and make the subjective conform to the objective. The king in the story judges right and wrong completely by personal likes and dislikes, not from reality, but from subjectivity, which will certainly bring disaster to the country and people.

Fables and allusions suspect that people steal axes.

A man lost an axe. He suspected that his son next door had stolen it, so he was very concerned about him. He always thinks that he walks and talks like a man who stole his axe. Soon, the old man found an axe in the valley where he went up the mountain to cut wood. If he had paid attention to the attitude of his neighbor's son, there wouldn't be such a place as an axe thief.

[Teaching content] The fundamental difference between materialism and idealism

[Analysis] Adhering to materialism and opposing idealism and subjectivism Starting from reality, it is very important to look at people and things around you objectively and do things seriously. But some people tend to look at people and things around them with their own prejudices, which is unacceptable.

The fable tells Wang Gu about him.

Mencius said to Qi Xuanwang, "You have a courtier who entrusted his wife and children to a friend's care and went to the State of Chu to play by himself. When he came back, his wife and children were starving and freezing. What should I do with such a friend? " King Qi said, "Break up with him." Mencius said, "An official in charge of punishment can't control his subordinates?" "Get rid of him." "What should I do if a country's politics is bad?" The King of Qi turned around and looked around, leading the topic to other places.

[Teaching content] The fundamental difference between materialism and idealism

[Brief Analysis] People often see clearly the shortcomings of others, but they often don't know their own shortcomings and mistakes, or whitewash them. But proceeding from reality, it is very important to insist on materialism and oppose idealism and subjectivism, and to evaluate and treat yourself correctly.

The second lesson is to look at problems in the way of connection and development.

Fables and allusions surround Wei and save Zhao.

Wei heavily surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao, and Zhao hurried to Qi for help. Tian Ji, the general of the State of Qi, was preparing to lead an army to Zhao. Sun Bin, a counselor, dissuaded him: "You can't clench your fists to solve the messy disputes; To save people who are fighting, don't use a knife as a gun. Avoid reality and be empty, posing a threat to the enemy, and the siege of Handan will solve itself. Now that Wei Jun is fully attacking Zhao, the elite soldiers and sharp soldiers will inevitably rush out, and China will inevitably be left with the old and weak soldiers. The general might as well go into battle lightly, go straight for Dewey's beam, occupy a dangerous place and attack its imaginary place. The enemy will save himself, so that I can untie the siege of Handan in one fell swoop and destroy Wei Jun when he is tired. " Tian Ji was arranged by Sun Bin. Wei Jun indeed as expected hurriedly li, line to the land of guiling, qi defeated Wei Jun, handan siege is solved.

[Teaching Content] Things are generally related

[Brief Analysis] Why did the Qi army capture the capital beam of Wei State, and the siege of Handan of Zhao State was solved? Because there is a relationship of mutual restriction and influence among Zhao, Wei and Qi, that is, contact.

Fables and allusions are like killing people.

There is a man who likes to talk about reincarnation, and he advises everyone to accumulate virtue and not kill. Because the Buddhist scriptures say that what you kill will become what you will become in the afterlife; Kill a cow into a cow, kill a pig into a pig, even if you kill a mole and an ant. A gentleman surnamed Xu said, "Then don't kill people, it's better to kill them." Didn't he say he would change whatever he killed? So isn't it good to kill people in this life and change people in the afterlife? "

[Teaching Content] Grasping the Causality of Things

[Analysis] Causality is universal, and it is independent of human will. When we know something, we should not only see that it has objective reasons, but also see that it will cause certain results. The reincarnation retribution in Buddhism is actually a subjective imagination of some people, and it has become so vulnerable in this fable.

Fables and allusions are broken.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a man named Meng Min bought a clay pot and accidentally broke it on the way. Meng Min left without looking. Passers-by felt strange and went over to ask him, "Your jar is broken, why don't you even look at it?" Meng Min replied, "The jar is broken. What's the use of watching? "

[Teaching Content] Grasping the Causality of Things

[Brief analysis] Only by correctly grasping the causal relationship can we improve people's activities, consciousness and foresight. It is impossible to recover the broken jar, but we can learn from it and analyze the reasons for the broken jar to avoid making similar mistakes in the future, thus improving the consciousness of the activity.

Fables and allusions for treating hunchback

Once upon a time, there was a doctor in Pingyuan City, Shandong Province who claimed to be good at all hunchbacks. Simple operation and reasonable price. A man is hunched, six feet straight and eight feet sideways. When he heard that there was such a magical doctor, he quickly prepared a gift to seek treatment. The doctor told him to lie on the ground, then jumped up and stepped on it. The hunchback cried and said, "You're going to kill me!" The doctor said, "my sign clearly says to straighten my hunchback." As for your life and death, what does it have to do with me? "

[Teaching Content] We should grasp the connection of things as a whole

[Brief Analysis] The relationship between the whole and the part requires us to comprehensively examine the object as a whole, base ourselves on the whole and plan the overall situation in order to achieve the optimal goal of the whole or the system. It is ridiculous and harmful that the doctor in the story only solves the immediate and local problems without considering whether it will hinder the long-term and overall aspects.

Fables and allusions are not played.

In ancient times, a man borrowed money from others, and the creditor came to collect the debt when it was due. The debtor said, "Everything is changing. I'm not a borrower. Therefore, I don't owe you a debt. " The creditor lost his temper and hit him, and the two men tore and wrestled to the court. The judge asked the debtor why he didn't pay back the money, and he said the reason again. The judge asked the creditor why he started beating people, and the creditor also said, "Everything has changed. I am not a hitter now, so I didn't hit anyone. "

[Teaching Content] Exercise is the fundamental attribute of matter

[Analysis] Movement is unconditional and absolute, and stillness is conditional and relative. There is stillness in motion, and there is stillness in motion. The existence and development of everything in the world is the unity of absolute motion and relative stillness. How absurd it is to deny relative stillness and the stability of things.

Fable allusions scary names

An old man lived in the street, bought a set of furniture called "Haochong" and kept a watchdog named "Haobite". After that, all the guests and friends stopped coming to his house for three years. He was very strange, so he asked his old friend. His friend said to him, "the name you chose is both aggressive and mean." Who dares to come to your house? " ? The old man suddenly realized that he changed these two names when he went back. As a result, the guests came and left. "

[Teaching Content] Things are changing and developing.

[Brief analysis] Development means the emergence of new things and the demise of old things, and new things replace old things. To grasp the concept of development, we must clearly distinguish the fundamental standards of old and new things. However, some people always like to judge things from their names, flags and other superficial forms, and it is often difficult to draw a correct conclusion or even be deceived. In fact, the name and substance are different. In the story, the old man's friends attach too much importance to names, and it is ridiculous to take people by their names.

Fable allusion Chu people crossing the river

When the Chu people wanted to attack the Song State, they sent people to measure the water depth and mark it. However, a rising tide lifts all boats, and the Chu people didn't know it. They are still sneaking around in the middle of the night according to the original signs. As a result, more than 1000 people were drowned, and the Chu army was terrified. In the past, we could cross the river when surveying, but now the river has risen, and the Chu people are still crossing the river according to the old signs, so they failed.

[Teaching Content] Look at the problem from a developmental perspective

[Brief analysis] Things are changing and developing, and people's understanding should also change with the changes of objective things. The river rises and falls from time to time, constantly changing, and people's understanding should also change accordingly, and must not be stagnant and rigid. Otherwise, it will hit a wall.

Fables and allusions: Young girls match old men.

Ai Zi has an old friend named Ren and two daughters who just turned two. Ai Zi saw it and liked it very much, so she got engaged to her son. People are also very excited and ask, "How old is your son?" Ai Zi replied, "Four years old." The man's face fell: "Do you want my daughter to marry an old man?" Ai Zi didn't know what he meant: "Why?" People say, "Your son is four years old and my daughter is two years old. Your son is twice as old as my daughter. If my daughter gets married at the age of twenty, won't your son be forty? If my daughter gets married at the age of twenty-five, isn't your son already fifty? Don't you want my daughter to marry an old man? "

[Teaching Content] Look at the problem from a developmental perspective

[Brief analysis] Things are changing and developing, which requires us to look at problems with a developmental perspective and regard things as a process of change and development. The reason why people come to the conclusion that "girls match the elderly" is because he does not regard the growth of a child as a process, but as several points: when his daughter is two years old, Al is four years old, which is twice as different; When my daughter is twenty, Al should be forty. In fact, from two to twenty years old is a process. In the process, she grew eighteen, and Al grew eighteen, which should be twenty-two, not forty.

Fable allusion salted duck lays salted eggs

Both of them are eating salted duck eggs for the first time. A said in surprise, "it's strange that every time I eat eggs, they are light." Why is this egg salty? " B replied, "I am a very considerate person, thanks to your asking me." I tell you, this salted duck egg is born from salted duck. "

[Teaching Content] Things move regularly

[Brief Analysis] As the law of the development of things, contact is not imposed by people from the outside, nor given by people's subjective consciousness, nor created by God, but inherent in the development of things. There is no such connection between salted duck and salted egg in Salted Duck and Salted Egg, but this person's subjective imagination, so he is idealistic.

Fable allusions

Once upon a time, there was a man who made scissors and tin for a living. One day, he met the emperor playing in the suburbs and broke his crown, so he ordered him to repair it. Give him a lot of money when it is repaired. On the way home, I met a tiger lying on the ground moaning. When I saw someone coming, I held up a bloody sole. It turned out that a bamboo thorn had been poked in. He took out the iron tongs to help the tiger pull out the bamboo thorns, and the tiger immediately brought a fat deer as a reward. He went home and said to his wife, "I have two skills, and I will make a fortune soon." So he raised a large sum of money, decorated the facade and hung a big sign that said, "Specializing in pulling out the tiger thorns."

[Teaching Content] Things move regularly

[Brief analysis] As the law of the development of things, contact should be an inevitable connection of things, not an accidental connection. The hero in the story mistook accidental contact for inevitable contact, pinned his hopes on accidental events, and the result was definitely nothing. This fable is similar to waiting for a rabbit.

Fables and allusions encourage others.

There was a farmer in the state of Song who thought that the seedlings were growing too slowly, so he raised them tree by tree. When I got home, I was exhausted and said, "I'm exhausted today." My name is He Miao. " His son ran to the field and saw that all the seedlings were dead.

[Teaching content] Act according to objective laws

[Analysis] Law exists objectively, and its existence and function are independent of human will. The objectivity of law is mainly manifested in its irresistible. Once people's behavior violates its requirements, they must be punished. The man in the story, because he violated the objective law, can only do bad things with good intentions, which is counterproductive.

Fables and allusions rich people borrow cattle.

Once upon a time, there was a rich man who could not read, but liked to put on airs. Once, the rich man was at home, and someone sent him an iou to borrow a cow from the rich man to plow the fields. The rich man opened the loan, read it aloud, nodded to the borrower and said, "I see, wait a minute, I'll come in person later." The people next to him laughed secretly while covering their mouths.

[Teaching content] Act according to objective laws

The objectivity of law requires us to act in accordance with the law and seek truth from facts. The hero in the story violates the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, does not pretend to understand, does not know what he knows, and inevitably makes jokes.

The third lesson insists on contradiction analysis.

Fable allusions milking cows

Once upon a time, there was a man who was going to milk for entertainment because he had something to treat. On the other hand, there is still some time before the dinner. If the milk is squeezed down in advance every day, it will go bad if it is stored too much. It is better to temporarily store it in the belly of a cow and squeeze it out at dinner. Will be fresher. After making up his mind, the owner separated the cow from the calf that was still nursing, and the milk was not milked. It's time to treat guests, and guests are coming one after another. The owner took out the cow for use, but nothing could be squeezed out, and the milk was killed.

[Teaching Content] Contradictions are the unity of opposites

[Brief analysis] I wanted to get more fresh milk, but there was no milk at all. Why? Because this person only saw the side of milk that is easy to deteriorate and difficult to preserve, but did not see the other side that milk will dry if it is not squeezed. Everything itself contains two aspects that are both opposite and unified, namely contradiction.

Fables and allusions lock boxes and tie cages

Once upon a time, a rich man was worried that his property would be stolen, so he asked someone to make many rattan boxes, wooden cabinets and bamboo cages, put all the gold and silver in them, and locked each box tightly with strong iron locks and tied them tightly with strong hemp ropes. The old man is the cleverest person in the village. However, one day, a group of thieves sneaked into the rich man's room and swept away the back of the box and the pick, so there was no danger of leakage. The rich man's clever behavior really brought convenience to the robbers' stealing.

The contradiction between [teaching content] is widespread.

[Brief analysis] Contradictions are universal, everything is contradictory, and sometimes there are contradictions. In order to prevent property from being stolen, rich people do the work of locking boxes and tying cages, but it also brings convenience to robbers. This requires us to be good at comprehensively analyzing contradictions in our daily work, adhere to the dichotomy and prevent one-sidedness.

Fable allusions come back to life

There was a man named Gongsun Chuo in the state of Lu. He said to people, "I can come back to life." Someone asked him, "What method do you use?" He replied, "I can usually cure hemiplegia." Now you just need to double your medication, so you can't come back to life? "

The contradiction of things has its own characteristics.

[Brief analysis] Contradictory things and each side have their own characteristics. First of all, different things have different contradictions and different characteristics. This special contradiction constitutes the special essence that distinguishes one thing from other things. This is why things in the world are so different. Gongsun Chuo didn't understand this and made a big joke: hemiplegia and the dead are completely different things!

Fables and allusions are tailor-made.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a famous tailor in Beijing. The clothes he cut are fat and thin, and they all fit well. Once, the physician asked him to cut a royal dress. The tailor measured his waist and then asked, "Excuse me, sir, how many years have you been an official?" The imperial doctor was surprised: "it is enough that your clothes are ready." Why do you still ask these questions? " The tailor replied, "The young" xianggong "was appointed to a higher position for the first time and was full of ambition. When he walks, his chest is upright and his stomach is upright. The back of his clothes should be cut short and the front should be long. An official has certain qualifications, his spirit is slightly flat, and his clothes should be as long as before and after; Officials have moved away for a long time, and their hearts are depressed. When he walks, he bends down and makes clothes that are short in front and long in the back. So, if I don't ask the qualifications of being an official, how can I cut clothes that suit my heart? "

[Teaching Content] Analyze and solve different contradictions in detail

[Brief analysis] Contradictions are special, and the methods to solve them cannot be the same. Contradictions of different natures can only be solved by different qualitative methods. Only by analyzing the specific situation and grasping the particularity of contradiction can we find the correct method to solve the contradiction. This tailor is famous in Beijing because he can analyze specific problems and everything is divorced from reality.

Why don't fables and allusions light candles?

Jin Pinggong chats with the famous musician Shi Kuang. Jin Pinggong said: "I am seventy years old this year, and I really want to study, but I am afraid it is too late." Shi Kuang said, "Why don't you light a candle?" Jin Pinggong said unhappily, "As a courtier, can you make fun of the monarch?" Shi Kuang immediately said, "How dare you make fun of your majesty? It is said that when I was a teenager, I was eager to learn, just like the day I first rose. Learning in the prime of life, like the midday sun, is still very strong; Learning in old age is like candle lighting. However, which is better to walk with a candle than to run around in the dark? " Jin Pinggong listen, nodding.

[Teaching content] The relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction

[Analysis] The universality and particularity of contradictions are interrelated. Everything in the world contains both the particularity and universality of contradiction. Universality exists in particularity, and particularity and universality are interrelated and inseparable. Shi Kuang's analysis tells us that people have different learning states in different periods, which reflects the particularity of contradiction-the contradiction of the same thing has different characteristics in different stages of development. But his analysis also tells us that in any case, learning is always good for people, which is the universality of contradictions.

Fables and allusions drive cattle.

There was a man driving an ox cart through a fork in the road, and the old ox just wanted to go forward. The man jumped out of the car and tried to make the cow back. It turns out that as long as he holds the reins on the nose of the cow with one hand and shakes the whip with the other, the cow will retreat obediently. But he was very angry with the cow and just pulled the car back by hand. And the cow went on desperately. So, one dragged back and the other walked forward, propping up the cow on the road. This man is so reckless that he is bound to get into trouble as a result.

[Teaching Content] Be good at grasping the key points in doing things

[Analysis] The principle of the relationship between primary and secondary contradictions requires us to be good at grasping the key points and concentrate on solving the main contradiction, that is, "cows should lead by the nose." This fool has no nose, but he will only be reckless. In essence, he failed to grasp the main contradiction and will be punished in the end.

Fables and allusions: learning the skills of the mouse

There is a five-skill mouse in the wild, because it has learned five skills: flying, walking, swimming, climbing trees and digging holes. But I know nothing about it. Suppose it can fly. It can't fly to the roof yet Said it can swim and can't even cross a small river; Can climb trees, but can't climb to the top; Walking is not as fast as walking; Dig a hole, but you can't cover your body. I learned five skills in name, but in fact none of them is useful.

[Teaching Content] Be good at grasping the key points in doing things

[Analysis] In the study and work, we should not only learn to make overall plans, but also clarify the main attack direction, grasp the center and focus, and prevent "grasping the eyebrows and beards" regardless of primary and secondary. The mouse wants to know everything, but it knows nothing.

Fables and allusions Buy bamboo slips and return pearls.

There was a man in the state of Chu who was engaged in jewelry business in Zheng. He made a jewelry box with precious Mulan, smoked with high-grade spices and decorated with jewels and jadeite. A man from Zheng saw the box, paid a high price for it, and then returned all the jewels in it to the businessman, but took the box away.

[Teaching content] See the problem and distinguish the mainstream from the tributary

[Analysis] The principle of the relationship between the main aspects and the secondary aspects of contradictions requires us to look at the problem comprehensively and be good at distinguishing the mainstream from the tributaries. Zheng people bought bamboo slips and returned them, but did not put the primary and secondary aspects of the contradiction right, overemphasized the secondary aspects, and reversed the primary and secondary relations of things, resulting in improper handling of the problem.

The fourth lesson is to correctly understand the cause, state and trend of things.

Fable allusions come back to life

There was a man named Gongsun Chuo in the state of Lu. He said to people, "I can come back to life." Someone asked him, "What method do you use?" He replied, "I can usually cure hemiplegia." Now you just need to double your medication, so you can't come back to life? "

[Teaching Content] The Role of Contradictions in the Development of Things

[Analysis] Can Mr. Gongsunzhuo really come back to life? The answer is no, because materialist dialectics tells us that the internal cause is the foundation of the change and development of things, and the external cause is the condition for the change and development of things, and the external cause works through the internal cause. The medicine you use the most is just an external cause, which has no effect on a dead person.

Fable allusion Huai Shang orange is bitter orange.

Yan Zi sent an envoy to Chu State on behalf of Qi State, and the King of Chu hosted a banquet. After three rounds of drinking, I saw two small officials come in with a man tied up. The king of Chu deliberately asked, "Who are you tied to?" The small official reported, "It's a Qi man, and it's also a thief." The king of Chu said to Yan Zi, "People in Qi are used to stealing, aren't they?" Yan Zi stood up and said, "I heard that oranges grow in Jiangnan and produce oranges. When they are moved to Huaibei, they will grow into bitter oranges. Although the leaves are similar, the taste of the fruit is quite different. What is the reason? Because the water and soil are different. People who grew up in Qi never stole, but they stole when they arrived in Chu. Excuse me, is this because the soil and water in Chu make people good at stealing? "

[Teaching Content] The Role of Contradictions in the Development of Things

[Brief analysis] External factors are the conditions for the development of things. Only when certain external conditions are met can the development of things be realized. Sometimes this external cause plays an important role. Although the difference between soil and water is only the external cause of orange growth, "when you grow in the south of the Yangtze River, you will grow into an orange, and when you move to Huaibei, you will grow into a bitter orange", which reflects this point.

Fable allusion Yang Bu hits the dog.

Yang Zhu has a younger brother named Yang Bu. Once he went out in a white jacket and suddenly it began to rain. Yang Bu took off his coat and came back wearing a black shirt. His dog seems to have seen a stranger and barked at him. Yang Bu was furious and picked up the stick and hit it. Yang Zhu came out of the room and said, "Stop fighting. How can you blame the dog? " Would you not be surprised if you let your dog go out with white hair and come back with black hair? "

[Teaching content] Insist on the combination of internal and external.