Characteristics of Shanghang dialect

1. initial 2 1, one less than Mandarin. Among them, the most remarkable is that the tongue-spitting sounds (zh, ch, sh, R) in Putonghua are not found in Shanghang. Therefore, "teacher" and "thinking", "knowledge" and "capital". "Idiot" and "woman" can't be distinguished. But Shanghang dialect has three more initials than Mandarin. That is, Wan (the initial of Wan in Shanghang dialect), Wu (the initial of Ya, Russia, Bite and Eye in Shanghang dialect) and Guang (Rao), Yuan and Ruan in Shanghang dialect. Therefore, people in Shanghang dialect will never be able to speak normally if they don't get rid of these initials when they speak Mandarin.

2. There are forty-six vowels. Much more than Mandarin in number. It is difficult to describe without international phonetic symbols. Give a few examples of dialects, perhaps we can "draw inferences from one instance to another". For example, the syllables "I", "Um", "Wu", "Wu", "Stupid", "Doubt", "Ru", "Ear", "Short" and "False" cannot be marked with vowels in Mandarin. When learning Mandarin, the difficulties in vowels are as follows: ① There is no vowel such as ü, so you can't tell "clothes" from "pedantry". "raincoat" only has different tones, and there is no difference between vowels I and ü. ② There is no clear distinction between in and ing. The sound is the same as English.

3. There are six tones. That is, flat, flat, ascending, descending, yin entering and yang entering. There are two more tones than Mandarin. Therefore, people's feelings after listening to Shanghang dialect are often short and blunt, not as soft and pleasant as Mandarin. Take the Chinese pinyin "one" as an example. Mandarin can only pronounce four tones, while people who can speak Shanghang dialect can pronounce six tones: one, one, two, one and two. (In Mandarin, the word "one" belongs to a level tone, while the word "one" belongs to a disyllabic tone. In addition, the tone values of Yin, Yang, Shang and Qu are different. Shanghang dialect has a falling tone, not a tortuous tone, so it also means "good teacher". In Mandarin and Shanghang dialect, the tone of the word "Hao" is quite different.

Among the three elements of pronunciation: sound, rhyme and tone, sound and rhyme are relatively easy to change, but tone is more difficult. Therefore, many people can correctly read the initials and finals of Chinese characters, and the spelling of single words is not far away. However, strung together is out of tune, especially when it comes to speaking. The poet of the Tang Dynasty said in "Hometown Lianshu": "When a teenager leaves home, an old friend returns. The local accent has not changed, and the children have never met. Where are you from? " This situation is really detailed. The difference between Mandarin and Mandarin is smaller than pronunciation and vocabulary. For example, there is almost no difference in the order of subject, predicate and object. In order to retain the guests, Shanghang people often say the words "sit for a while and then supplement", which can not be translated literally, so they have to change it to "sit for a while".

In Putonghua, the structural auxiliary words "de", "de" and "de" are homonyms, which are often confusing and misused, while Shanghang dialect maintains different pronunciations. For example, writing a book, walking slowly and singing well. This feature can often help the correct use of "de, de and de" in composition. 1 retains many ancient Chinese words, such as "Tatar killing", "bad", "sloppy", "short" and "ignorant". Many rustic words are actually ancient and can be found in calligraphy and rhyme books. This fully proves that Hakka dialect is a branch of ancient Chinese, not a minority language.

2. It is very different from Mandarin vocabulary. The house is big. Guests from Beijing are called "sitting in a room", which means sitting in a room. This is the same as the real name. As for the "guest" in Mandarin, Shanghang dialect tends to say "guest" ("there are many guests at home"), and to say "dust" and "rooster" as "rooster" is "word order inversion". It is particularly interesting to call ants, shrimps, noses and monkeys "Ant Man", "Shrimp Man", "Nose Man" and "Monkey Brother" respectively. Under such circumstances, no matter how accurate your Mandarin pronunciation is, foreigners can't understand it according to the pronunciation. It must be translated first, and Shanghang dialect should be translated into Mandarin. For example, Shanghang people are used to saying "play when you come", and foreigners ask: Come and leave, what is it? Still going? Generally speaking, Mandarin only says "go to play".

Examples of words with great differences between Shanghang dialect and Putonghua

Shanghang Dialect-Putonghua

Day-morning

When the day-noon

The next afternoon.

Good night.-Good night

Light in the sky-tomorrow

The Day of Light-Later

Head first-just now.

Eat in North Korea-have breakfast

Have dinner in the evening.-Have dinner

It's too late.-too late.

Moonlight-moon

Leigong milk-lightning

Turning to the wind-windy

The elder brother

Umm (Wei)-Mother

Husband.-husband

Buniang people-women

Xie (softly) mother-in-law

boar

Blackfly

Lucky chicken-capon

Earthworms in Wang Mian

Dog lice-fleas

March-water chestnut

Cucumber pumpkin

Snow bean-pea

Go to the market.-Go to the market

Urine-pee

"Handle"-Hide

Look-look.

Fever.-Fever

Take a bath.-Take a bath

Yes.-Yes.

Smell it.

Beautiful.-beautiful, beautiful

"Live"-so capable

Fresh and thin

Thick-thick

Kitchen dining table board, drawer partition

Side dishes (for dinner)

Vegetables-vegetables

Foot-thigh arm

A heart attack-on purpose

Fortunately-fortunately.

Very very

Mm-hmm.-No.

Okay, don't-don't.

Can't do it well.-No.

What's wrong with swelling (making barley)

Night begins (night begins)-night

Today is today.

Oblique day-yesterday

Just-just now

Have a day.-Have lunch.

10: 00- 15: 00.

Sun-Sun

Thunder and thunder-thunder

Rain-rain

Tiangong (Tian Yong)-Rainbow

Uncle.-big uncle

Sun Wei-wife

Wife.-wife

Daxizi boy

Dream-auricularia auricula

Pig and sow

Chick-hen

Blackfly

"Inferiority"-Bug

Lice.-Lice

Scar towel gourd

Fan tofu pudding sheng

do the laundry

Feces-defecation

"le"-rest

Wearing a shirt

Down-down.

Rest assured-rest assured

Sleep-sleep

Fight, draw lots-dinner

Enterprise station

Run.

Fertilizer

Bad idea

Black-black

Hand socks-gloves

Dried vegetables-dried lai

Wash basin-washbasin

Eyeball-eye

Horizontal and straight-anyway.

Help-TOEFL

Great

Grinding (yes)-no grinding.

No, no.

Love or not-do you want it or not?

You (hum)-you

You people-us

A man.-Who?

Ya-I

Hey.-Him?

Well, everyone-they

Get the barley.-Why?

Go on, go on.

Examples of archaic words preserved in Shanghang dialect

Peugeot: Don Zhao Yi's Quotations Volume 2: "When I first arrived in Jinling, I sat on the governor and praised the beauty of the temple again and again."

2, so-so: Song Yang Wanli's poem "Watching Snow on a Moonlit Night": "Seeing snow is like the moon, snow is like the moon."

3, the head is the Tao: Song Yuyan's "Cang Shi Method": "There are three sections to learn poetry. At first, it didn't know likes and dislikes. It was long and complicated. It is extremely difficult to be timid at first. Very thorough, then seven vertical and eight horizontal, handy, the head is the Tao. "

4. Sprinkle: Song Yuyan's "Cang Lang Shi Hua Shi Hua": "The meaning is thorough, you can't scratch your boots, the language is expensive, and you can't drag your feet."

5, playing wild: Song's "Wulin Old Things" Volume 6: "Maybe, don't enter the fence, only play in the wide place, it is called playing wild."

6. Forcing music: The third fold of Grey Orchid: "How can his family beat us hard and force music to confess?"

7, will not stab: Ethan Road "Grey Orchid" the second fold: "This woman can speak, thinking that she is used to litigation for a long time, and her mouth is not prickly."

8. Competition: Ethan's "Grey Orchid" wrote in the first fold: "I think there must be competition between the first wife and the second wife."

9. Personnel: Yuan Gong used Zhang Fan's first discount: "The little official also brought some personnel to send his mother to Beijing."

10, backtracking time: Yuan Gong used the second discount of "Zhang Fan Chicken Xiaomi": "I originally wanted to ask for a good price before selling it, so I couldn't accept this product."

1 1. Who has spare money to make up the hedge: the first discount of Jacky Yu Ting's backyard flower: "Who has spare money to make up the hedge?"

12, bad: Yuan Yuebochuan's "Tie Guai Li" is the fourth fold: "A bad name is Huatou, get out!"

13, suffering from the plague: The 77th time in The Journey to the West, Wu Cheng'en, Ming Dynasty: "I miss you, a thin person, but suffering from the plague!"

14, tribute pus: The seventh and third times in The Journey to the West, Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty: "After a long time, we must pay tribute pus, even if it is cured, it is still a tetanus."

15, Te: 4th and 8th times in The Journey to the West, Wu Cheng'en, Ming Dynasty: "You idiot, Te is not handsome! How can monks be afraid of the cold if the cold and heat do not invade? "

16, No Tart: Feng Ming Menglong's "One of the Ancient and Modern Novels, Wang Xin died and saved his family": "Being framed by a villain caused a great disaster, and later played a joke without Tart."

17, iron and steel (gang): wonders of ancient and modern times, volume 36: "Brothers, let's tie up the gang and eat wine to suppress the shock."

18, thinking: Leifeng Tower of Bai Niangzi Yongzhen: "Thinking that I work as a supervisor at Li Jiangshi's house during the day and rest at my brother-in-law's house at night, although things are small, I have to put on clothes. How can I have the money to marry the youngest? "

19, fists added: a dream of red mansions: "You Shi and Yuanyang are over there across the table, shouting seven or eight times and raising their fists."

20. Embarrassment: Four or six times in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Embarrassment is inevitable."

2 1, indecisive: A Dream of Red Mansions: "Open your eyes and get drunk, see Jia Yun, let go and giggle ..."

22. Wolf: Eight chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions: "If this principle is noted today, you can't call this wolf stupid."

23, climbing the ash: "Dream of Red Mansions" seven times: "Stealing dogs and beating chickens every day, climbing the ash, raising brother-in-law, raising brother-in-law."

24, Qu Xu: "Dream of Red Mansions" May 2: "It turned out that the drawer of the outer window was not buckled and slipped."

25.tà: Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio King: "If the public interest is vain, those who are angry will blame it, and those who give orders will fly." Note: hey, bind.

26. Victory: Wang Qing once wrote "Song of the Little Girl on the Shuttle Boat": "If you can't pull up the beach danger, dare to fight against the wind to win."