Does anyone have a short English script about Hawking~~! It’s best to be funny~! Thank you, urgently needed~! ! !

Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in London, England. He graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College of Cambridge University, and received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. He has been in a wheelchair for 40 years, and now only his facial muscles move. His speeches and questions and answers can only be completed through a speech synthesizer. Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge, UK, he is the most important contemporary general relativity and cosmologist. He is one of the great men with international reputation in this century. He is known as the greatest living scientist and is also known as "the universe". King". Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. In the 1970s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the world's most famous scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein.

He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. He held the most prestigious professorship ever held at Cambridge University, that of Newton and Dirac as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. He holds several honorary degrees and is a fellow of the Royal Society.

He suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and was confined to a wheelchair for 40 years. Turning it into an advantage, he overcame his disability and became a supernova in the international physics community. He couldn't write and couldn't even speak clearly, but he transcended theories such as relativity, quantum mechanics, and the Big Bang and entered the "geometric dance" that created the universe. Although he was sitting so helplessly in a wheelchair, his mind brilliantly traveled across the vastness of time and space and solved the mysteries of the universe.

Hawking’s charm lies not only in the fact that he is a legendary physics genius, but also in the fact that he is an impressive leader in life. His scientific spirit of constant exploration and brave and tenacious personality deeply attracted everyone who knew him.

He is known as "the greatest living scientist", "another Einstein" and "an out-and-out strong man in life".

[Edit this paragraph] Related works:

"Continuation of a Brief History of Time" As the undisputed authority on cosmology, Hawking's research achievements and life have always attracted a wide range of readers. , "Sequel to a Brief History of Time" is compiled for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theories. This book narrates Professor Hawking's life and research work in the form of candid and sincere private interviews, showing the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely moving and fascinating portrait and description of one of mankind's greatest minds of the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the achievements of human civilization and a source of precious inspiration.

"Hawking's Lectures - Black Holes, Infant Universes and Others" is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking between 1976 and 1992. Discussed imaginary time, the birth of the infant universe caused by black holes, and scientists' efforts to seek a completely unified theory, and made unique insights into free will, the value of life, and death

"The Nature of Space and Time" 80 years ago General relativity is expressed in a complete mathematical form, and the basic principles of quantum theory also appeared 70 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the entire physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the world's most famous physicists debate this very question. This book is based on six speeches and the final debate given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.

The book "The Charm of the Future" begins with Stephen William Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in the next billion years, and ends with Don Cubitt's realization of the last trial. It introduces the development process of predictions, and The way we predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand. While the author explains his own views, he also answers some interesting questions, which makes it interesting to read.

The book "The Universe in a Nutshell" is Professor Hawking's most important work after "A Brief History of Time".

In this book, Professor Hawking once again brings us to the forefront of theoretical physics. In Professor Hawking's world, truth is even more dazzling and colorful than fantasy. Professor Hawking uses popular language to explain the principles that govern our universe, and with his unique enthusiasm, he invites us to embark on a journey into the universe and make an extraordinary journey through time and space.

"A Brief History of Time" (written in 1988) Hawking's bestseller-"A Brief History of Time" is Hawking's masterpiece. The author has rich imagination, wonderful ideas, beautiful language, and every word is exquisite. It is even more shocking to people that the changes in the future outside the world are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages.

In this book, Hawking will attempt to outline the history of the universe in our minds - from the Big Bang to black holes. In the first lecture, he will briefly review past conceptions of the universe and explain how we arrived at our current picture. This may be called the history of the universe.

Lecture 2 will explain why the two gravity theories of Newton and Einstein both came to the conclusion that the universe cannot be static, it has to either expand or contract. And this means that there must have been a moment between the first 20 billion years and the first 10 billion years when the density of the universe was infinite, resulting in the so-called Big Bang. It may be the beginning of the universe.

The third lecture will talk about black holes. A black hole is formed when a giant planet, or larger body, collapses (collapses and contracts) in on itself due to its own gravitational pull. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, any fool foolish enough to fall into a black hole will disappear forever, and they will never be able to escape again. Their history will reach a singularity and a painful end. However, general relativity is a classical theory - that is, it does not take into account the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

The fourth lecture will describe how quantum mechanics allows energy to leak from black holes. Black holes are not as black as people make them out to be.

Lecture 5 will apply the ideas of quantum mechanics to the Big Bang and the origin of the universe. This leads to the idea that spacetime may be limited in extent, but has no edges. This may be similar to the surface of the Earth, but it has two more dimensions.

Lecture 6 will show how this new boundary condition can explain this problem: although the laws of physics are time-symmetric, why are the past and the future so different?

Finally, Lecture 7 will describe how we are trying to find a unified theory that can encompass quantum mechanics, gravity, and all other interactions in physics. If we achieve this, we truly understand the universe and our place in it.

This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely moving and fascinating portrait and description of one of the greatest minds of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the achievements of human civilization and a source of precious inspiration. "Hawking's Lectures - Black Holes, Infant Universes and Others" is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking between 1976 and 1992. It discusses imaginary time, the birth of the infant universe caused by black holes, and scientists' efforts to seek a completely unified theory, and provides unique insights into free will, the value of life, and death. After three years of study with a moderate workload, he received a first-class honors degree in natural sciences and then entered Cambridge University to study cosmology. At that time, Oxford University did not have a cosmology major. Although he hoped to do research with Fred Hoyle, who was then at Cambridge, his supervisor was Dens Scama. After receiving his PhD, he became a researcher and later a professor at Gonvlle and Caius College.

In 1992, a ￡3.5 million film of the same name was released. Hawking firmly believed that the basic ideas about the origin of the universe and life could be expressed without mathematics, and that the world should be able to understand his profound and inscrutable theories through movies, an audio-visual medium. This book is a popular book on the forefront of exploring the nature of time and the universe. It is the most important contemporary classic work on scientific thinking about the universe. It has changed humankind's concept of the universe.

"Sequel to a Brief History of Time" As the undisputed authority on cosmology, Hawking's research achievements and life have always attracted a wide range of readers. "Sequel to a Brief History of Time" is for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theories. Made up. This book narrates Professor Hawking's life and research work in the form of candid and sincere private interviews, showing the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework.

The Chinese version of "George's Secret Key to the Universe" was released in early 2008. This book was written by Stephen Hawking, his daughter Lucy Hawking, and his student Christopher Galfard. ·One of Hawking's "Trilogy of Popular Science for Children". This book discusses black holes and many parts briefly describe Hawking's new ideas. This book has received rave reviews at home and abroad.

[Edit this paragraph] Interesting facts about Hawking:

Although Hawking's physical disability is becoming more and more serious, Hawking strives to live like an ordinary person and accomplish everything he can do. He's even lively - it's funny how, after he was completely immobile, he still insisted on using his only moving finger to drive the wheelchair on the way to the office; when he met with Prince Charles While showing off her wheelchair by spinning it, it ran over Prince Charles's toe.

[Edit this paragraph] Awards received:

Hawking

1. Received the honorary title of British Knight in 1989

2. The British Fellow of the Royal Society and foreign member of the American Academy of Sciences

3. Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London

4. XI Medal of the Pontifical Scientific Society of the Vatican

5. Hopkins Prize

6. Danio Heinemann Prize in the United States

7. Maxwell Prize

8. Hugh of the Royal Society Smith Medal

9. In 1978, he won the most prestigious award in physics - the Albert Einstein Award

10. Together with Penrose ***, he won the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics

11. In 1988, Hawking's book "A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes" won the Wolf Foundation Prize

[Edit this paragraph] Major events Chronology:

Born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England

The family moved to St. Albans in 1950

Enrolled Oxford University in England in 1959

Graduated from Oxford in 1962 and went to Cambridge for graduate school

In 1963, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig's disease)

1965 Obtained a doctorate from Cambridge in 2011 and married Jane Wilder (Jane Wilder)

In 1967, the eldest son Robert was born

In 1970, daughter Lucy was born/started using a wheelchair

p>

In 1973, his first book "The Large Structure of Space-Time" was published

In 1974, Hawking published a paper in the magazine "Nature" explaining his new discovery-black holes emit radiation. And became a member of the Royal Society

In 1977, he was appointed Professor of Gravitational Physics at Cambridge University

In 1979, his second son Timothy was born/appointed as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University / "Commentary on General Relativity: Commemorating the Centenary of Einstein's Birth" published

Participated in the Vatican Cosmological Congress in 1981 and announced the concept of no boundaries / "Super Time and Super Gravity" published / Awarded the Senior Knight of the British Empire< /p>

In 1985, he fell ill in Switzerland/underwent tracheostomy surgery and lost his speech ability. He used a computer with a sound generator. In 1988, he published "A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes" and won the Wolf Foundation Award.

In 1989, he was awarded an Honorary Knight of the British Empire

Divorced his wife in 1990

In 1991, the movie "A Brief History of Time" with the same name was released

In 1993, "Black Holes and Infant Universes" and other papers were published

In October 2001, another masterpiece "The Universe in a Nutshell" was published

In 2007, Hawking The children's science fiction novel "George's Secret Key to the Universe", co-written with Lucie Gofold, was first published in France on September 6. This is Hawking's first children's book, in which he explains his theories about time and the universe to children.

If Lou Gehrig's disease is diagnosed now, then maybe Hawking will not be the "scientific giant" he is now.

[Edit this paragraph] Afterthoughts:

Hawking

Hawking is one of the internationally renowned great men of this century. He is 66 years old. He was born on the anniversary of Galileo's death. He is a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Cambridge University and the most important contemporary general theory of relativity. and cosmologists. In the 1970s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the world's most famous scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of black holes.

Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. The position he held was the most lofty professorship ever held at the University of Cambridge, the Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is a Fellow of the Royal Society. He suffered from Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and was confined to a wheelchair for 40 years. However, he turned his disability into an advantage and overcame his disability to become an international celebrity. A supernova in physics. He couldn't write and couldn't even speak clearly, but he transcended theories such as relativity, quantum mechanics, and the Big Bang and entered the "geometric dance" that created the universe. Although he was sitting so helplessly in a wheelchair, his mind brilliantly traveled across the vastness of time and space and solved the mysteries of the universe.

Professor Hawking is a modern popular science novelist. His masterpiece is "A Brief History of Time" written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical science novel. The author has rich imagination, wonderful ideas, beautiful language, and every word is exquisite. It is even more shocking to people that the changes in the future outside the world are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages. In 1992, a ￡3.5 million film of the same name was released. Hawking firmly believed that the basic ideas about the origin of the universe and life could be expressed without mathematics, and that the world should be able to understand his profound and inscrutable theories through movies, an audio-visual medium. This book is a popular book on the forefront of exploring the nature of time and the universe. It is the most important contemporary classic work on scientific thinking about the universe. It has changed humankind's concept of the universe. As soon as this book was published, it caused a huge response all over the world. "A Brief History of Time" is a landmark book for those of us who prefer words to equations. She is the author of a person who has touched and contributed to human thought. This is a work of infinite pursuit of knowledge and a unremitting exploration of the mystery of the nature of time and space.

"Sequel to a Brief History of Time" As the undisputed authority of cosmology, Hawking's research achievements and life have always attracted a large number of readers. "Sequel to a Brief History of Time" is for those who want to know more about Professor Hawking For readers of life and its doctrines. This book narrates Professor Hawking's life and research work in the form of candid and sincere private interviews, showing the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely moving and fascinating portrait and description of one of mankind's greatest minds of the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the achievements of human civilization and a source of precious inspiration.

"Hawking's Lectures - Black Holes, Infant Universes and Others" is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking between 1976 and 1992. It discusses imaginary time, the birth of the infant universe caused by black holes, and scientists' efforts to seek a completely unified theory, and provides unique insights into free will, the value of life, and death.

"The Nature of Space and Time" General relativity was expressed in a complete mathematical form 80 years ago, and the basic principles of quantum theory also appeared 70 years ago. However, these two are the most accurate and most accurate in the entire physics. Can a successful theory be unified in quantum gravity alone? Two of the world's most famous physicists debate this very question. This book is based on six speeches and the final debate given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.

The book "The Charm of the Future" begins with Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in the next billion years, and ends with Don Cubitt's understanding of the last trial. It introduces the development of predictions and how we predict the future today. method. The text of the book is easy to understand. While the author explains his own views, he also answers some interesting questions, which makes it interesting to read.

[Edit this paragraph] Hawking's life:

Born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England.

After completing a degree in physics at Oxford University in 1962, he moved to Cambridge University to pursue graduate studies. In 1963, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.

In 1965, he was awarded a doctorate. His research shows that the mathematical equations used to explain the collapse of black holes can also explain the expansion of the universe from a single point.

In 1970, Hawking studied the characteristics of black holes. He predicted that the radiation from black holes (now called Hawking radiation) and the surface area of ??black holes would never decrease.

In 1974, he was elected as a member of the Royal Society. He went on to prove that black holes have temperatures, black holes emit thermal radiation, and gasification causes mass reduction.

In 1980, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University (Isaac Newton once held this position).

In 1988, he published "A Brief History of Time", which became the best-selling book on quantum physics and relativity.

Since 1996, he continues to work at the University of Cambridge.

[Edit this paragraph] Hawking's famous sayings:

1. When you face the possibility of dying young, you will realize that life is precious and you have a lot of things to do. Do.

2. Which came first, the chicken or the egg?

3. Did the universe have a beginning? What, if anything, happened before this?

4. Where does the universe come from and where is it going?

5. As long as you are alive, there is hope.

6. Is there an end to time?

7. I have noticed that even those who claim that "everything is predestined and there is nothing we can do to change it" look both ways before crossing the street.

8. Both scientists and prostitutes make money doing what they like.

9. If a person is disabled physically, he must not be disabled mentally.

10. Life is unfair, no matter what your situation is, you can only do your best.

According to the legend of the Boshongo people in Central Africa, there was only darkness, water and the great God Bumba in the beginning of the world. One day, Bumba had a stomachache and vomited the sun. The sun scorched away some of the water, leaving behind the land. Still suffering from stomachache, he vomited up the moon and stars, and then some animals, including a leopard, a crocodile, a turtle, and finally a human.

This creation myth, like many others, attempts to answer the question we all want to ask: Why are we here? Where do we come from? The general answer is that the origin of humankind is relatively recent. Humanity is making continuous progress in knowledge and technology. Thus it could not have existed so long, otherwise it should have made greater progress. This should have been clear even earlier.

Aristotle: The universe has no beginning

The universe has existed for an infinite time

For example, according to Bishop Usher's "Genesis", the creation of the world Born at 9 a.m. on October 23, 4004 BC. On the other hand, natural environments such as mountains and rivers change little during a person's life cycle. So people usually treat them as constant background. Either it has existed as an empty landscape for infinite time, or it was created at the same moment as humans.

But not everyone likes the idea that the universe had a beginning. For example, Aristotle, the most famous Greek philosopher, believed that the universe had existed for infinite time. Something eternal is more perfect than something created. He suggests that the reason we see development in this state is because floods or other natural disasters repeatedly return civilization to its nascent stage. The motivation for belief in an eternal universe is to avoid having to resort to divine intervention to create the universe and set it into motion. In contrast, those who believe that the universe had a beginning use the beginning as an argument for the existence of God, who is the first cause or prime mover of the universe.

Time is meaningless before the beginning of the universe

Time is absolute, and time passes from the infinite past to the infinite future

If people believe that the universe has a beginning, The obvious question then is, what happened before the beginning? What was God doing before he created the universe? Is he preparing hell for those who ask such questions? The German philosopher Immanuel Kant was very concerned about the question of whether the universe had a beginning. He felt that regardless of whether the universe had a beginning or not, it would cause logical contradictions or antinomies. If the universe had a beginning, why did it have to wait infinitely long before it started? He calls this the point. On the other hand, if the universe has been around for infinite time, why did it take an infinite time for it to reach the stage it is at now. He calls this the antithesis. Both the thesis and the antithesis are based on Kant's assumption, which is what almost everyone does, that is, time is absolute, that is, time passes from the infinite past to the infinite future. Time is independent of the universe, and in this context the universe can exist or not exist.

To this day, this picture still remains in the minds of many scientists. However, in 1915 Einstein proposed his revolutionary theory of general relativity. In this theory, space and time are no longer absolute, fixed backgrounds for events. Rather, they are dynamical forces, the matter and energy in the universe that determine its shape. They can only be defined within the universe. It makes no sense to speak of a time before the beginning of the universe in this way. It's a bit like there's no point in trying to find a point further south than Antarctica. It is undefined.

A positivist approach to studying the universe

We interpret the input from our senses according to the model we use to construct the world

If the universe essentially remains unchanged over time, as As was generally believed before the 1920s, there is no reason to prevent time from being defined at an arbitrarily early moment in the past. One can always extend history to an earlier time, and in this sense any so-called beginning of the universe is artificial. So it could be that the universe was created last year, but all memory and physical evidence suggests it is much older. This raises profound philosophical questions about the meaning of existence. I will adopt a so-called positivist approach to these problems. In this approach, the idea is that we interpret the input from our senses in terms of the model we construct of the world. One cannot ask whether the model represents reality, only whether it works. First, if a large number of observations can be explained according to a simple and elegant model; second, if the model makes clear predictions that may be tested by observations and may also be falsified, the model is a good model.

According to the positivist approach, one can compare two models of the universe. In the first model, the universe was created last year, while in the other, the universe has been around for much longer. The twins were born earlier than a year ago, and models of the universe that have been around for more than a year can explain things like twins.

Hubble discovered that galaxies are flying away from us

Stars are not evenly distributed throughout space

On the other hand, the model of the creation of the universe last year cannot explain this type of events, so the second model is better. One cannot ask whether the universe actually existed a year ago, or whether it merely appeared that way. In the positivist approach there is no difference between them.

In an unchanging universe, there is no natural starting point. However, the situation changed fundamentally in the 1920s when Edwin Hubble began observations with the 100-inch telescope on Mount Wilson. Hubble discovered that stars are not evenly distributed throughout space, but are clustered in large numbers in groups called galaxies.

Hubble measures the light from galaxies and is able to determine their speed. He expected that there would be as many galaxies flying towards us as there were galaxies flying away from us. This is what it should be in a universe that does not change over time. But to Hubble's surprise, he found that almost all galaxies were flying away from us. Furthermore, the farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it is flying away. The universe does not change over time, unlike everyone originally thought. It is expanding. The distance between galaxies increases with time.

The most important discovery: The universe is expanding

The expansion of the universe is one of the most important intellectual discoveries of the 20th century or any century

The expansion of the universe is one of the most important intellectual discoveries of the 20th century or any century. One of the most important intellectual discoveries of the century.

It transforms the debate over whether the universe had a beginning. If galaxies are moving apart now, then they must have been closer together in the past. If their speeds had remained constant in the past, all the galaxies would have fallen one on top of the other about 15 billion years ago. Is this moment the beginning of the universe?

Many scientists still don't like the idea that the universe had a beginning. Because this seems to mean that physics breaks down. People have to turn to an external force, which for convenience can be called God, to determine how the universe began. So they came up with some theories. In these theories, the universe is expanding at the moment but had no beginning. One of them is the steady state theory proposed by Bundy, Gauld and Hoyle in 1948.

In steady-state theory, the idea is that as galaxies move away, new galaxies form from what is assumed to be a continuous creation of matter throughout space. The universe will exist forever and appear the same in all time. This last property has the great advantage from a positivist point of view as a definite prediction that can be tested by observation. The Cambridge Radio Observational Astronomy Group, led by Martin Lyell, investigated weak radio sources in the early 1960s. These sources are fairly evenly distributed across the sky, indicating that most of the sources lie outside the Milky Way. On average, weaker sources are further away.

Steady-state theory conflicts with observations

There are more faint sources than predicted, indicating that the density of sources was higher in the past

Steady-state theory The shape of the graph of the number of sources versus source intensity is predicted. But observations show that there are more faint sources than predicted, suggesting that the density of sources was higher in the past. This conflicts with the basic assumption of steady state theory that everything is constant in time. For this and other reasons, steady state theory was abandoned.

Another attempt to avoid the universe having a beginning is to suggest that there was an earlier phase of contraction, but that due to rotation and local irregularities the matter did not end up at the same point. Instead, different parts of matter would move away from each other, and the universe would re-expand, with its density remaining finite. Two Russians, Liveshitz and Haranikov, actually claimed that they had shown that a general contraction without strict symmetry always causes a rebound, while the density remains finite. This result is very convenient for Marxist-Leninist materialist dialectics, since it avoids the intractable problem of the creation of the universe. Therefore, this became an article of faith for Soviet scientists.

He is just a warrior in a wheelchair, challenging fate.

[Edit this paragraph] Public speeches:

After Hawking published "A Brief History of Time", he has given many speeches to the general public in the UK, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and other places over the years. He gave a public speech, describing the origin of time, the end of the universe, and time travel. During his speech, he was as popular as a "rock star." Here is part of the speech:

The Origin of the Universe (Chinese)

The Beginning of the Universe (English)

The Beginning of Time (English)

Space and Time Warp (English)

Does God roll dice? (English)

Life in the Universe (English)