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Matters needing attention and basic sentences in English speech

How to make English speech and speech skills

1. Preparation before the speech

Preparation is the premise of making a good speech. The first thing is to establish a topic or topic. Generally speaking, speech contests are divided into propositional speeches and impromptu speeches. If you want to hold a speech contest, you must make good preparations in all aspects: politics, economy, culture, education and so on. Find a good idea and draw up a good topic, such as the theme of political speech: WTO, unity, peace and development, opportunities and challenges; Economic theme: western development, rural economy, re-employment; Theme of education speech: educational differences between China and the West, distance education, lifelong education and gunmen; Cultural topics: cultural exchange and integration, campus culture; Topic of environmental protection speech: man and nature; ; Science and technology topics: network, cloning, gene; Health theme: keep physical and mental health; Theme of sports speech: Olympics ............... Some topics are too big, so we can think from many angles and sides, find a good starting point, refine and concretize the topic, write a good speech outline and conceive a speech structure.

The second step after drawing up the topic is to collect and sort out the speech materials. One of the best ways is to read a lot of English original texts and various English newspapers and magazines in a planned way. Reading is a step-by-step process, and it is also a process of cultivating English thinking, which is very important for improving oral and written English. Use relevant resources and materials (such as books, newspapers, magazines or online resources, etc.). ) to collect the required content. Then sort out or classify the materials, discard less important content or useless materials, and prepare to write a speech.

2. Writing of speech

First of all, the speech should come straight to the point, not only to catch the audience at once, but also to put forward your views. In the middle, we should use various methods and prepared materials to explain and support our arguments, infect the audience, and finally strengthen the explanation of the arguments or draw conclusions to end the speech.

There are strict requirements for the writing of speeches, with clear themes and complete expressions in content; As far as the organizational structure of the article is concerned, it should be clear and logical; As far as language is concerned, it should be infectious and vivid. When writing, you can use English writing methods and skills effectively and correctly, such as using simile, metaphor, exaggeration and other rhetorical methods appropriately, using words accurately, and trying to avoid using uncommon, vague and obscure words. In short, we should consider the audience and pay attention to the wording of the speech, but at the same time we should be concise, rational, powerful and compact in structure. The immortal works of many famous speakers have the power to inspire people to forge ahead and reverse Gan Kun. From Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream, to President Lincoln's famous Gettysburg address, and then to Clinton's speech in Peking University, many sentences have become immortal and deserve careful study.

make a speech

With the knowledge and skills of speech, the completion of speech is only the prelude to speech, and strict training is needed to make it successful. During the training, analyze the main points of the speech, train the speech skills and body language, watch English speech videos such as CCTV Cup and Ericsson Cup, and conduct understanding and strict simulation training according to the competition scoring standard to observe whether the speech process has the following characteristics: clear theme and complete expression (speech content); Clear thinking and strong logic (organizational structure of the article); Emotional and expressive (verbal momentum); Correct pronunciation and standard pronunciation and intonation (English pronunciation); Quick response and accurate answer (psychological quality); Dress neatly, generously and so on.

In addition, we must have a good psychological quality. Do more mock speeches and have good psychological quality, so as to express yourself better and achieve good results in the speech. Some students can speak authentic American English, but they have stage fright due to the lack of good psychological quality, and even they are too nervous to speak or are impolite to be eliminated in the competition.

With full preparation, it is not too difficult to make a speech. In the whole process of speech, we should also pay attention to some key points and skills of speech, such as eye contact between the speaker and the audience, changes in vocal music, gestures and body language. However, it should be appropriate, not too much, otherwise it will usurp the host's role and affect the effect of the speech.

Mastering these essentials, having enough knowledge reserves and good psychological quality, will certainly succeed.

Demonstration skill

No, don't talk in public.

Avoid talking.

Speak too fast;

Speak in a monotonous voice;

The voice is monotonous;

Use too high a tone;

A shrill voice;

Don't talk much;

"Say" too much and say too little;

Not enough emotion or passion;

Feelings are not enough;

Speak condescendingly to the audience;

Take a condescending attitude towards the audience;

Use too many "big" words;

Too many exaggerated words are used;

Use abstract concepts without giving concrete examples;

Use abstract concepts without examples;

Use unfamiliar technical terms;

Use slang or profane words;

Use slang or vulgar language;

A chaotic performance;

There is no organization and order in the speech;

Indirect communication, that is, beating around the bush;

Speak in a roundabout way, to the point;

How to communicate with the audience

Information worth conveying;

There must be views worthy of exchange;

Win the attention of the audience: seize their interest and build their trust;

Get the attention of the audience: seize their interest and win their trust;

Emphasize understanding;

Attach importance to understanding;

Get their feedback;

Get feedback;

Pay attention to your emotional tone;

Pay attention to emotional tone;

Convince the audience;

How to gain self-confidence

How to become confident

Smile and look at the audience;

Smiling at the audience;

Start very slowly, shoulders back, chin up;

Speak slowly at the beginning and hold your head high.

Say something very frankly to start your speech;

Say something sincere in the opening remarks;

Put on your best clothes;

Say something positive to yourself;

The four goals of the speech

Provide information;

Entertain the audience;

Make the audience feel fun;

To touch emotions;

Move with emotion;

Take action;

Let the audience act;

How to organize a speech

Must have a structure: such as the first, second and third; Geographically, north, south, east and west; Comparison and contrast; Our side is on their side; Negative and positive;

There must be a structure: it can be divided into one or two points; Geographically, it can be divided into southeast and northwest; Comparison and contrast; We and other parties; Heads and tails;

Label materials, such as jokes, anecdotes, famous sayings and interesting statistics;

Organize materials, such as jokes, funny stories, famous sayings, interesting data, etc.

Use notes;

Use cards;

How to use cards

Number your card at the top right;

Mark the number in the upper right corner of the card;

Write a complete sentence on your first and last card;

Write complete sentences on the first and last pages;

Write up to five keywords on other cards;

Only five keywords can be written on other cards at most;

Color the words you want to emphasize;

Colour the words you want to emphasize;

Remind yourself to check the time in a sport.

Remind yourself of the time to check a place.

How to deal with power rationing

How to deal with forgetting words

Smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but the next one. Look at the first word on it This will be your starting point now. Of course, you missed part of your space. But no one will notice it. They will blame themselves for not following your ideas.

Just smile and move on to the next card, not your current card, but the next one. Look at the first word on the card. That's what you want to continue. Of course, you will miss something, but no one will notice. The audience will only blame themselves for not keeping up with your ideas.

How to start?

Tell a story (about yourself);

Tell a (own) story;

Acknowledge the occasion of the party;

Thank you for coming together;

Pay tribute to the audience;

Praise the audience;

Citation;

Quote famous sayings;

Use unusual statistics;

Use some unusual data;

Ask the audience a challenging question;

Play a video or slide show.

Play videos or watch slides.

How to close

How to end it?

Repeat your opening remarks;

Repeat your beginning;

Summarize your statement;

Summarize your speech;

End with an anecdote;

End with an interesting story;

End with a call to action;

Ask a rhetorical question;

End with a rhetorical question;

Make a statement;

End with a declarative sentence;

Displays the outline of the presentation.

Show the outline of the speech.

Eye contact

Slowly move your eyes from one person to another, and pause with each listener for two or three seconds;

Look slowly from one person to another, and stay on each person for two or three seconds;

Look directly at people or look at the bridge of the nose or chin;

Look directly at the audience, or look at their noses or chins.

Look for friendlier faces, smile at them one by one, then turn to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one;

Find those listeners who look friendly and smile at them one by one; Then the target turned to those skeptical listeners and gradually smiled at them;

Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.

If you feel nervous, imagine the audience wearing bathrobes.

How to use a microphone

Even if you are using a microphone, you must speak your voice loudly;

Even if you use a microphone, you should be loud and lucky;

When you speak, your voice should be loud and continuous;

The voice should have an echo for a period of time;

Turn your voice down a little bit than usual. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with relatively low voices;

The tone should be set lower than normal speech, and the audience often associates credibility and authority with relatively low voice;

Try to end the statement in a low tone, but don't lower the volume;

Try to end the statement with a falling tone, but don't lower the volume;

Slow down.

Speak slowly.

The main speech delivered at the meeting

Keynote speech is to outline the topics to be discussed by other speakers in an activity and set the tone for the meeting or project.

Keynote speech, also known as keynote speech, aims to set the theme for the speeches of other speakers at the conference and set the tone for the meeting or activity. Keynote speech is also directly related to establishing the emotional tone of the conference.

what to say

Lecture guide

Plan ahead;

Make sure you fully understand your role in the plan;

Make sure you fully understand your role in the activity;

Pay attention to the logical organization of your speech;

Carefully conceive the speech to make its structure logical;

Pay attention to setting the appropriate tone.

Set the right tone carefully.

How to use the equipment

Check bulbs, power supply, cable connections, sockets and contacts, switches and any moving parts;

Check the lights, power supply, wiring connections, sockets and electric shocks, switches and some moving parts.

Confirm twice that all your equipment is available when you need it;

Ensure that the equipment can work normally on the day you use it, and confirm it at least twice;

Arrange spare equipment nearby and be ready to demonstrate without visual effects;

Prepare some spare equipment just in case, and be prepared to speak without video data;

Remember to bring your equipment and make sure it is not lost.

Remember to bring the equipment you need, and don't lose it.

Typical nervous signal

Typical characteristics of tension

Hands in your pockets, hands in your pockets.

The number of blinks increased, and the number of blinks was too much;

No eye contact is fear of eye contact;

Lick lips and bite lips lick lips and historical lips;

Tap your fingers;

Fast and unstable gestures are urgent and fast;

The gruff sound of cracking.

Speed up the speech;

Clear your throat;

Hips are tightly clamped together, and her hips collapse tightly;

The way to overcome nervousness is to take a deep breath and then exhale slowly several times.

The way to overcome tension is to breathe evenly, inhale deeply and exhale slowly.

How to dress

How to dress appropriately

A dark suit or dress;

Wear a dark suit;

Red tie or scarf;

A simple white shirt or coat;

Black shoes, just polished;

Wear a red tie or silk scarf;

Very little jewelry-wear it carefully;

Wear freshly polished black shoes;

Calm, slow gestures and slow movements;

Try not to wear jewelry, and be very careful when you wear it;

Shoulders back and chin up.

Hold your head high.

How to use gestures

How to make gestures

Make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural;

All movements should be smooth and natural;

Don't put your hands in your pockets;

Let your hands and arms fall naturally to your sides, gently close your two fingers, and don't twist or hold your hands in any way;

Hands and arms naturally hang down on both sides, and the index finger is slightly bent. Don't twist together or make a fist.

Let your hands do what they want, as long as they don't go back into your pocket or make obscene gestures.

Let your hand do whatever it wants until it doesn't go back into your pocket or make some annoying gestures in front of the audience.

Point to imaginary objects, don't point your index finger at others;

You can point at imaginary objects with your fingers, not at others with your index finger;

The size or quantity can also be easily displayed by expanding or contracting hands;

The size and number of heart inches can also be demonstrated by the expansion and contraction of hands;

Hands make a 45-degree angle with the head, and gracefully show the audience the appropriate number of fingers;

Raise your hand at a 45-degree angle with your head, and use gestures to express numbers gracefully;

In order to emphasize the size of the body, such as length and width, open your hand in front of you and move it up and down.

If you want to emphasize the size of the length, put your hands forward, try to separate them and move them up and down.

Speak eighteen tricks

Trick 1: Use parallelism

Parallelism is a rhetorical device in writing and a widely used speech skill. Parallelism is to compare two or more things with paragraphs, sentences or phrases with the same syntactic structure to highlight their similarities and differences. Many times, parallel paragraphs or sentences are arranged in a progressive way, creating a thunderous momentum, while being catchy and full of music.

Trick 2: accurate words

There are no absolute rules for finding the right words, but usually the simplest words, the most specific words and the most vivid words that can arouse the sensory response are the best choices. Use adjectives and determiners as little as possible, and focus on substantive verbs and nouns. Look up more dictionaries at ordinary times, and a good classified dictionary will be of great help to you.

Trick 3: Intimacy

Using the first person "I" instead of "one" and using simple and vivid active voice instead of complex and boring wave structure, it seems that the speaker himself speaks directly to the audience, which shortens the distance between the two sides and promotes mutual communication.

Tip 4: Deal with accidents

Generally speaking, you may encounter three unlucky things when you speak: 1 and stuttering. Don't hide it, or it will be more impolite. But pause, smile, say this sentence again, and then continue. 2. Technical failure, such as microphone failure. Wait for someone to fix it or talk calmly. 3. Factual errors, such as the Pearl Harbor incident as 194 1 September 7th. Stop at the right place and correct your mistakes. Don't be impatient, leading to distraction and more mistakes.

Trick 5: Clever quotation

Using quotations wisely can add a lot of color to your speech, expand authority and enhance explanatory power. When quoting famous words or articles, we should pay attention to the following four principles: 1, the quoted materials should be as short as possible, and the parts related to the topic of the speech should be selected; 2. Make the quoted materials become part of the speech organically; 3. Don't quote repeatedly unless it is emphasized; 4, accurate quotation, don't take it out of context.

Trick 6: intonation cadence

The fluctuation of intonation in a speech can not only make the speech more vivid, but also convey the speaker's rich emotional information. Imagine that if you always use a flat tone, not only will the speaker look listless, but the audience will soon feel bored and bored. Generally speaking, the rising tone conveys passionate emotions, such as excitement, anger, condemnation and doubt; Falling tone expresses gloomy emotions, such as regret, sadness, disappointment and depression. This speech is a good example, which is good at combining cadence and relaxation by using the change of intonation, especially in the second half, and pushing the speech to a climax through the agitation and repetition of intonation.

Trick 7: Clear the context

There is a great possibility of misunderstanding in the process of communication, so clear and accurate structure and smooth exposition are one of the necessary factors for the success of the speech. In addition to defining the theme at the beginning and the end, there are one or two sub-arguments that need to be further elaborated. Remember the structure of the speech. If necessary, you can clarify the context of the speech at the beginning and constantly remind the audience during the speech. You can also use various charts and devices accordingly to deepen the impression of the audience.

Trick 8: Use of Slang

Slang can make speeches lively or obsolete. If you are not familiar with the latest slang, it will make the speaker seem out of touch with the times. Use slang carefully. If you use a good and vivid slang to express your meaning, the effect will be much better. But be careful not to use racial and obscene slang.

Tip 9: Use body language.

Body language includes facial expressions, hand and foot movements, standing posture, etc. This silent language will not only convey information, but also affect all parties in communication. When giving a speech, your expression should be natural, with a smile on your face, and don't make your facial muscles stiff. Look directly at the audience and make eye contact with them; Use some gestures appropriately to emphasize your speech, but don't exaggerate it.

Hint 10: Correct pronunciation

Correct, clear, coherent and beautiful pronunciation is the most powerful magic weapon to attract the audience. English and American English have many local accents, which are not worth imitating. Incorrect pronunciation will cause misunderstanding and affect the effect of speech. Pay special attention to distinguish the following sounds://. Second, pay attention to the link in the right place.

Tip 11: Use humor.

Humor is not only the spice of life, but also a good spice to adjust the atmosphere of speech. But humor can't be used casually at any time and any occasion. If used improperly, it will have the opposite effect. When speaking, you can tell some interesting stories related to the theme or viewpoint, or some funny stories related to yourself. Don't tell jokes that are too far from the point just to amuse the audience or make them feel insulted by innuendo.

The first move 12: alliteration

Alliteration is also a rhetorical device, that is, more than two words in a phrase or a line are close to each other, and the letters or pronunciations of the first syllable or other stressed syllables are the same, so as to achieve the effect of emphasis. For example, the sixth paragraph, diverse and dynamic, South Bronx and Southern Tier, Brookiyn Buffalo, Montaukt and Massena are all pronounced as /d/, /s/, /b/ or /m/, which brings a sense of rhythm and rhythmic beauty to the speech.

Trick 13: Prepare in advance

On the battlefield, knowing what you know can win every battle; Speech is no exception. First of all, we should objectively understand and evaluate ourselves and choose the appropriate speech topic; Secondly, we should collect materials according to the theme and arrange them in a certain order; Finally, set the framework of the speech, especially carefully set the beginning and end of the speech. Unlike previous speeches, Bill Gates' speech is a business speech, mainly promoting Microsoft. By describing the future of DNS system, the audience will know the role that Microsoft will play in the future computer field. His choice of words and sentences is not as high as that of political speeches, and there are no complicated and abstruse vocabulary, but his speech has a clear context and a clear theme, which shows that he has made sufficient preparations in advance.

Tips 14: Use of equipment

With the progress of science and technology, all kinds of modern equipment, such as VCD, video tape and projector, can bring intuitive visual and auditory enjoyment to the audience. Using these instruments correctly can make your speech more vivid and deeply rooted in people's hearts. For example, a large number of figures can be clearly listed for everyone to see at a glance. Pay attention to the preparation before the speech, such as skilled operation, whether the instrument can work normally, how to rewind the tape, etc. In order to avoid being in a hurry and making many mistakes.

Trick 15: Grasp the speed of speech

After confirming the speech, you can determine the speech speed according to the content and your own characteristics. Speech speed is not only a natural factor, but also can be changed through deliberate training the day after tomorrow. Generally speaking, don't speak too fast-because it will give people a sense of tension, and don't be too slow-it's best to be bland and find your own comfortable and moderate speed. This speech is a little too fast. If the speaker's humor doesn't enliven the audience, it is really urgent.

Trick 16: impromptu speech

Impromptu speech is an impromptu speech made by the speaker to the scene, scene, things and people in front of him without preparation in advance. Because there is no preparation in advance, the comprehensive quality of the speaker, especially the ability to deal with emergencies, can be seen best. Impromptu speech depends on the usual accumulation of "deliberate training under the stage and letting nature take its course on the stage" In addition, it is necessary to clarify the theme of impromptu speech, otherwise it will digress from Wan Li, and it is useless to speak well. Secondly, quickly draw a general outline in your mind to avoid generalizing. Finally, don't be impatient, don't panic and stay calm.

Trick 17: Volume control

Loudness of speech is a factor that can best reflect whether the speaker is confident or not. If a small mosquito, everyone can't hear what they are whispering clearly, it will never be related to self-confidence. Of course, you don't have to speak at the top of your lungs, otherwise you will not only lose your voice easily, but also appear rude. As long as everyone present can hear your voice clearly and comfortably, some special sentences or words can be emphasized. Perhaps because of the recording problem, the voice of this speech is too low, which seems a little weak.

Trick 18: Grasp the rhythm

In addition to the speed and volume of speech, the rhythm of speech is also an important factor affecting success or failure. Don't forget there are punctuation marks in the speech. A proper pause can not only show relaxation, but also provide the audience with a time to understand the aftertaste and concentrate. In addition, mastering the rhythm helps to control the speaking time and is also a way to convey feelings.

Much older

What other secrets do you need?

What opening and closing transitions ~

The number of words exceeds ~

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