What situations require the use of the verb base form?

There are ten situations in which the verb base form is used:

1. With auxiliary verbs or modal verbs do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, might, have to , must, need, ought to and other verbs that together form a predicate, use the original form.

For example:

Do you like English? Do you like English?

< p>May I use your telephone? May I use your telephone?

We must study hard and make progress every day. We must study hard and make progress every day.

Shall we tell her to wait? Should we tell her to wait?

2. The predicate verb of an imperative sentence must be in its original form.

For example:

Close the door behind you, please. Please close the door.

Don't make a noise. Don't make a noise.

Let's live in peace and friendship. Let's live in peace and friendship.

3. When the object of the sensory verb look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, feel, etc. and its complement form a logical subject-predicate relationship, expressing the final result or the entire process of the action, Verbs used as object complements should be used in their original form. But to change to passive voice, you need to.

For example:

I saw the train come into the station. I saw the train coming into the station.

I heard a letter drop.(A letter was heard to drop.) I heard the letter dropped.

4. When the object after the causative verb let, have, and make forms a logical subject-predicate relationship with the verb as the complement of the object, the verb must Use original form. But when changing to the passive voice, to is required; the verb after let does not need to, such as:

He let Jack lead the way. He let Jack lead the way.

Have him send the letter. Ask him to send the letter.

His jokes made us all laugh. His jokes made us all laugh.

Everyone must be made to know nobody should break the law.

5. Two or more parallel infinitives are connected with and or or, and to is often omitted from the second infinitive.

For example:

Let's go and play football. Let's go and play football.

It is fun to jump into pool or go swimming in a river in summer.

6. In the why not... and why... sentence patterns, not and why are directly followed by the original form of the verb to form a rhetorical question, which means "suggestion, advice, blame or reminder", etc. Such as:

Why not use my bicycle? Why not use my bicycle?

Why waste so much money? Why waste so much money?

7. After the verb help is a compound object, and its object complement is played by a verb, the verb can be preceded by to or without to, but it must be preceded by to in the passive voice.

For example:

She helped me (to) clean the room. (I was helped to clean the room by her.) He helped me clean the room.

8. Do, dose, and did are used with the original form of the verb to strengthen the tone. They can be used not only in imperative sentences, but also in affirmative statements in the present tense and past tense.

For example:

Do be careful! Be careful!

She does look nice today. She does look nice today.

I did think be was wrong. I did think he was wrong.

9. The infinitive is used as the object of the prepositions but and except. When it is preceded by the substantive verb do, the infinitive of the following verb should be omitted. Such as:

Jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV. Jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV.

10. In some fixed sentence patterns, such as had better (best), would rather (rather), would rather...that... (rather...not), etc., the following verbs should be used in their original form.

For example:

You had better have a good rest. You had better have a good rest.

He would rather go to work by bike. He would rather go to work by bike.

As a revolutionary, he would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent. As a revolutionary, he would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent.

Extended information:

Any verb that appears in a sentence or phrase is not the verb prototype, it is either a non-predicate verb or a predicate verb.

Example sentences are as follows:

1. You eat an apple every day.

The eat here is a predicate verb, and the implicit time auxiliary do represents the current time. , eat is in the general state;

2. Do you eat an apple every day?

Do eat here is a predicate verb, Do represents the present time, and eat is in the general state;

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3. You ate an apple every day.

Here ate is a predicate verb, and the implicit time auxiliary did indicates past time, and ate is reduced to the general state eat;

4. Did you eat an apple every day?

Here did eat is a predicate verb, Did represents the past time, and eat is in the common form;

5. She eats an apple every day.

Here eats is a predicate verb, the implicit time auxiliary does does expresses the current time, and eats returns to the general state eat;

6. Does she eat an apple every day?

Here does eat is a predicate verb, does represents the present time, and eat is in the common form;

7. You will eat an apple every day.

< p>The will eat here is a predicate verb, will represents future time, and the general state of eat;

8. Will you eat an apple every day?

The will eat here is Predicate verb, will represents future time, and the common form of eat;

9. I want to eat an apple.

The word "want" here is the predicate verb, and the time auxiliary verb do is hidden before "want" , to eat an apple is a non-predicate verb phrase as the object of want.

10. To eat is human, to digest, divine.

Here is is a predicate verb (coupling verb), is expresses the present time, and to eat at the beginning of the sentence is not The predicate verb serves as the subject and does not contain temporal connotation.

11. She is eating an apple.

Here is eating is a predicate verb, is expresses the present time, and eating is a non-predicate verb in the progressive state.

12. Eating apples is good for your health.

Here is is a predicate verb (coupling verb), is expresses the present time, eating apples is a non-predicate verb phrase (continuous verb) (state) is the subject and does not contain temporal connotation.

Note:

For the concepts of "indefinite state", "progressive state", "perfect state" and "general state" of non-predicate verb phrases, please refer to "English Thinking: Decryption" Principles of English Grammar" books and videos.

So from the above analysis, we can see that there is no verb prototype in the sentence at the beginning of the article.

Some copulas are also substantive verbs. When the verb expresses the substantive meaning, it has word meaning and can be used as a separate predicate, for example:

Food goes bad in summer.

He went to school at six.

1) State verb

It is used to express the state of the subject, with only the word be, for example:

He is a teacher. He is a teacher. (is, together with the complement, indicates the identity of the subject.

)

2) Continuous linking verbs

Used to express that the subject continues or maintains a situation or attitude, mainly including keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, for example: < /p>

He always kept silent at meeting.

This matter rests a mystery.

3) Representational verbs

Used to express the concept of "looking like", mainly including seem, appear, look, for example:

He looks tired. He looks tired.

He seems (to be) very sad. He seems (to be) very sad.

4) Sensory verbs

Sensory verbs mainly include feel, smell, sound, taste, for example:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.< /p>

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

This flower smells very sweet.

This flower smells very sweet.

5) Changing verbs

These verbs indicate what the subject has become. Changing verbs mainly include become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, and run.

For example:

He became mad after that. Since then, he has been crazy.

She grew rich within a short time.

6) Terminating verbs

Indicate that the subject has terminated the action, mainly including prove and turn out, which express the meaning of "confirm" and "become", for example:

The rumor proved false.

The search proved difficult.

His plan turned out a success. (turn out means terminal result)

The verb form that serves as a sentence component other than the predicate in a sentence is called a non-predicate verb. Non-predicate verbs are divided into three forms: infinitive, gerund, and participle (participles include present participle and past participle).

1) Infinitive

Tense\Voice Active Passive

Common form to do to be done

Perfect form to have done　to have been done

2) Gerund

Tense\Voice Active Passive

Common form doing　being done

Complete Formula having done, having been done

3) Participle

Tense\Voice Active Passive

General formula doing, being done

Complete Formula having done having been done

Negative form: not + infinitive, not + gerund, not + present participle

A verb can be transitive in some situations, and some It is intransitive under the circumstances. For example, the verb "kick" in "kick the ball" is a "transitive" verb. What "object" is "transitive"? The "object" here is "ball"; but if you only say "kick", it means "kick, stomp", and "I stomp" is just "I kick". Two words are enough, one subject and one predicate, I stomped my feet. The action does not involve an object, it does not involve what I stamped, it is just the action of stamping my feet.