What is stereotyped writing?

From 65438 to 0905, the imperial examination system was abolished under the order of the Qing government, and the eight-part essay naturally withdrew from the literary field. With the rise of the new culture movement, stereotyped writing, as one of the symbols of feudal old culture, was severely hit, and it can be said that it was "notorious" from now on. ...

Today, in our generation, there is still a name similar to stereotyped writing in a trance. We generally think stereotyped writing is a derogatory thing and a very bad thing. But in the final analysis, I'm afraid we don't know what stereotyped writing is. Only after the May 4th Movement, few people, or even almost no one, talked about stereotyped writing, which is one of the reasons. In addition, it is said that after the abolition of the imperial examination, stereotyped writing never appeared again, and all the stereotyped writing anthologies and stereotyped writing reference books suddenly disappeared in the five hundred years of Ming and Qing Dynasties (only one set of stereotyped writing in Ming Dynasty was included in the Siku Quanshu). In fact, stereotyped writing has only been seen in a very small number in our generation.

Here, I want to take a book published by Zhonghua Book Company, which is a collection of Zhang Zhongxing's eight-part essay, Qigong's eight-part essay and Jin Kemu's New Theory on Eight-part Essay.

The word "stereotyped writing" is now almost synonymous with "cliche" and "cliche". Mr. Qi Gong said that some people regard this word as a derogatory term, and they don't know the name of a style, let alone the reason why stereotyped writing is so bad. A long time ago, when I was looking for a teacher and visiting friends on the Internet, I met a friend who mistakenly thought that classical Chinese was stereotyped writing.

In fact, "stereotyped writing" is a name in the form of an article, which has no good or evil in itself. It was only used by the rulers of Ming and Qing dynasties as a tool to restrain the thoughts of scholars, and at the same time they added some tedious and demanding requirements to this article form. This style is uncomfortable because of accumulated disadvantages, which makes people at that time and later generations not ashamed. Not only is it irresponsible, but stereotyped writing is really unfair.

Different names of stereotyped writing-it is called stereotyped writing because there are four pairs in this article, which are opposite to each other, just like people have two strands; Because it is relative to the "ancient prose" of Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, it is also called "modern prose"; Some people may think that the word "shares" is indecent, so they call eight shares "eight shares", but they don't know that eight shares are sixteen shares, which is incorrect; The appellation of Chu in Ming Dynasty also comes from the Five Classics, but mainly from the four books (The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean), especially in Qing Dynasty, so stereotyped writing is also called the "Four Books". At that time, the emperor's order was "restraint", and stereotyped writing was a literary work ordered by the emperor, so it was also called "restraint", "Confucian classics" and "restraint".

Eight-part essay-the system of eight-part essay-is characterized by "representing sages and sages". The full text must follow the tone of any sage, conform to the intention of the imperial court, and take Zhu Zhu's four books as the criterion. This means that "the rulers of Ming and Qing dynasties used it as a tool to suppress the thoughts of scholars", and they were not allowed to give play to their own thoughts. Therefore, some people say that stereotyped writing is just a "stepping stone" (referring to the way to seek official positions). It is true that the literati at that time disdained to write stereotyped writing.

The origin of eight-part essay-eight-part essay was established in Ming Dynasty, which was the main style of imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Eight-part essay is a "four-book essay" set as an examination subject at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, which originated from the "Jing Yi" examination in Song Dynasty. The founder's article is said to be a politician Wang Anshi, but this matter is still uncertain.

The topic of the eight-part essay-the theme comes from the four books, that is, a word and a sentence in the four books. Problems with few numbers (about within the cross) are called "small problems"; Questions with multiple numbers (about the cross) are called "big questions". Maybe it's because I'm afraid of repeating the sentences I've tested before, or to increase the difficulty. Later, most of the problems were "East" and "West". For example, take a sentence from Daxue and a sentence from Mencius, and take these six words as the topic. In our opinion, this is somewhat incredible.

The basic form of stereotyped writing-or the steps of stereotyped writing-is not that complicated. The first is to solve the problem, and the second is to bear the problem; Then start talking; Finally, there are pen lifting, small pen, middle pen and back pen (or pen lifting, middle pen, back pen and beam), that is, four-to-eight; At the end of the article, close it.

"Breaking the title"-As can be seen from the broken characters, there are meanings of "solution" and "analysis", which means to point out the meaning of the title at the beginning. In other words, what is the main content to talk about this time, which is equivalent to the so-called "theme" of today's article. But there are rules, the first is that only two sentences can be used; The second is that these two sentences should summarize and explain the meaning of the topic, but never say the meaning directly. In essence, this method of solving problems is very similar to riddles. Furthermore, the whole eight-part essay is a riddle, and the title is the answer. Moreover, solving problems is the most important step in writing eight-part essay, and the quality of solving problems directly affects the whole article. There is a famous eight-part essay called Confucius, the title of which is-man is the law of the world, and speech is the teacher of the world. The first sentence breaks the word "Zi" and the second sentence breaks the word "Yue", which is really brilliant. This is also the most standard question. There is also a joke, entitled "Standing at Thirty". The key point is that when you are fifteen years old, even if there are chairs and benches, you don't sit. The first sentence breaks "30" and the second sentence breaks "and stands".

The topic is a further supplement to the theme, which is similar to the role of "subtitle" and has the mission of connecting the preceding three sentences as the standard.

Start-explain the intention of this question in depth, and the effect should not exceed ten sentences at most.

Four ratios-four ratios are ratios, small ratios, middle ratios, back ratios, (or ratios, middle ratios, back ratios, and beam ratios). Four ratios are divided into eight strands, that is, they are analyzed one by one, how positive and negative they are, and so on. , can be said to be the text. I'm afraid it's more difficult than four, because every two strands must be couplet and quadruple. According to the pair, the part of speech is relative and the level is relative. Imagine, after all, it is not difficult to find the right sentence in a poem. If it is a long sentence, it is not easy to connect each sentence.

Conclusion-conclusion, usually within eight sentences.

The above is a brief talk about stereotyped writing. Personally, stereotyped writing is very interesting. There are stereotyped writing in life. Even if I didn't write an article, I have eight written essays verbally, but I'm not so rigorous. Finally, I ended a life with stereotyped writing.