On Punctuation Interesting Chinese

Punctuation marks are very common to us. It is a kind of writing symbol, which is used to express the pronunciation, mood and proper nouns of sentences. It is an important auxiliary tool of written language, which has a special function and specific usage in writing. Correct use of punctuation marks is helpful to accurately record spoken English and correctly understand the meaning of the text. If punctuation is wrong or not used, it will affect the accuracy of written language and even cause ambiguity.

China beat the Japanese team and won the championship.

This sentence can use different punctuation marks to express different meanings:

China beat the Japanese team and won the championship.

China was defeated and the Japanese team won the championship.

China lost? Japan won the championship?

China beat the Japanese team? Won the championship?

Mark number and dot number

Punctuation can be divided into two categories: label and dot *** 16.

Labels include: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipses, book titles, bullets, intervals, proper names, hyphens, etc. It is mainly used to express the nature and function of words and sentences, but the dash, ellipsis and interval between them are also shown in the table. Today we saw Empress Dowager Cixi. The title indicates that Empress Dowager Cixi is a movie, not the real Empress Dowager Cixi.

Points include pause, comma, semicolon, colon, period, question mark and exclamation mark, which are mainly used to indicate pause, but the period, question mark and exclamation mark at the end of a sentence also indicate mood. Dad asked Xiaoming to cooperate with his two sisters and drive to pull apples.

If there is no punctuation, this sentence will become "Dad asked Xiaoming to drive to pull apples." Sometimes the function of punctuation pause is not exactly the same as that in language, and there is no pause where there is no punctuation when reading aloud.

Correct use of dot symbols …

The use of punctuation in practice depends on the needs of expression and sentence structure. Let's briefly analyze the usage of punctuation marks.

First, the use of labels

1, quotation marks: words that are quoted or emphasized in the text.

(1) is used before and after direct speech. For example:

The headmaster said happily, "Our school is among the best in teaching."

(2) Appellations used to emphasize certain words or express specific opinions. For example:

Is "misty poetry" really "hazy" beyond comprehension? (key)

People call him a messenger of peace. (specific title)

(3) Used to quote some words to express negation, irony or flexible use of parts of speech. For example:

Is the flu "fashionable" too? (negative)

Why, you "computer expert" also have problems that you can't solve? (sarcastic, negative)

Everyone drinks for nothing, so do I. (flexible use of parts of speech)

When using quotation marks, you should pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) quotes can be divided into double quotes and single quotes. If quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, it means "inside the double outer sheet".

(2) If the quotation has several paragraphs connected, use a front quotation mark at the beginning of each paragraph and a back quotation mark at the end of the last paragraph.

(3) Quote other people's sentences separately and completely, and the point at the end of the sentence should be enclosed in quotation marks.

(4) The quotation is a part of the sentence, and the quotation is just at the end of the sentence, so the period at the end of the sentence should be put outside the quotation marks.

(5) If the quotation mark is not at the end of the sentence and there is a need to pause after the quotation mark, use a period symbol outside the quotation mark.

(6) If there is no need to pause after quotation marks, there is no need to use dots inside and outside quotation marks.

(7) Direct quotation should be quoted, not indirect quotation.

(8) If there is a direct quotation before and after "Shuo", the points of the quotation are put in brackets, and only commas can be used after "Shuo", not colons.

2. Brackets: indicate comments in the text. The main functions are as follows:

(1) is used to indicate the explanation of phonetic notation, indicating the time, place, source and author, or expressing doubt.

(2) Used for interpolation.

(3) Explain the perspective, location, characters, props and actions in the script.

(4) Words used to enclose orders, such as "(A)...(B) ... don't need to use pause after brackets.

When using parentheses, you should pay attention to:

(1) The brackets used in the middle of the sentence should be immediately after the words to be annotated. If the words in brackets use punctuation, the last point (except question mark, exclamation point and ellipsis) should be omitted.

(2) The brackets used outside the sentence are after the punctuation marks at the end of the sentence, and the words in brackets should be punctuated.

(3) If the word in brackets is not a sentence, there is no need for a period.

(4) Write parentheses, square brackets, hexagonal brackets, square brackets, etc. Parentheses are usually used.

3. Dash: it is mainly used to indicate that the following text is explanatory or semantic transition, and it can also indicate voice interruption and extension.

Dashes also indicate the beginning and end of time and place, such as "Shanghai-Guangzhou"; Used in front of subtitles; Used to indicate brackets; Used in appositive or two-part allegorical sayings.

4. Ellipsis: indicates the omitted part of the text. Has the following usage:

(1) Quotation omitted. He sang excitedly: "Tingting Birch ..."

(2) Descriptive ellipsis. There are many fruits on the table, such as bananas, papaya and peaches.

(3) Interruption or silence in conversation. Teacher: Why do you smoke secretly?

Student: Me. ...

(4) Omission of repeated words. Such as China, China ...

(5) Discontinuity of words. For example, "Brothers ... must take good care of their parents ..."

Use ellipsis should pay attention to the following points:

(1) Use it reasonably, and use it when necessary.

(2) When the word "etc." or "etc." is used in this article, it has been omitted.

(3) There is generally no other point after the ellipsis.

5. Title: indicates the name of the book.

Be sure to pay attention to the use of the title, if you use the title again, there will be double orders outside; The title of the book is only intended for quotation, and the title is not used when writing an article.

6. Bullets indicate words and sentences that need to be emphasized.

Where bullets are used, it is often necessary to reread, and sometimes it is necessary to slow down the reading speed appropriately.

7. Interval number: also known as minute number or interval number, its main functions are:

(1) indicates the interval between the month and the date. Such as "September 18th Incident"

(2) Mark the boundary between the title of the book and the title of the article. Generally speaking, the title is preceded by an interval.

For example, "rudeness" comes from Mencius.

(3) indicates the boundary between surnames of some ethnic groups, with surnames coming first and surnames coming last.

For example: Joseph Stalin.

8. Proper names: indicating names, place names, dynasties, etc. , below the horizontal Chinese characters and to the right of the vertical Chinese characters.

For example, Li Bai, a trainer in Longyou, has a white handwriting.

9. Connectivity: It means that the meanings of the words before and after are closely related. Their function is to connect related words into a whole. Hyphenation only takes up one word in the text.

The study time of this training is 5-7 days.

Second, the usage of the dot.

1, period: indicates a pause at the end of a sentence.

A period is mainly used in declarative sentences to express declarative mood. It can also be used in imperative sentences to express the tone of discussion. For example:

There are many people in the street today. I can do it. Let me go.

2. Question mark: indicates a pause after a question is asked. Mainly used to express the tone of inquiry and rhetorical question.

It should be pointed out that:

(1) Although some sentences have interrogative pronouns (such as: why) or interrogative formats (such as: can you), the whole sentence does not necessarily have interrogative tone, and no question mark can be used at the end of the sentence. For example:

The school board discussed whether to attend evening self-study classes.

(2) Indicates the problem of choice. Question marks should be placed at the end of sentences, and commas should be used between options. If non-multiple choice questions are used together, question marks can be used continuously.

(3) In the variant sentence of verb inversion, greetings should be placed at the end of the sentence, and commas should be used in the sentence. For example:

His father still won't go.

3. exclamatory sentence: a pause after a sentence expressing strong feelings. Used after exclamatory sentences and emotional imperative sentences; Exclamation marks are also used after words expressing strong greetings and cross talk, making them independent sentences.

It should be pointed out that:

(1) Don't abuse the exclamation point.

(2) There is no need to use more than two exclamation points at the end of the sentence.

(3) exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences with inverted components, exclamation marks are used at the end of the sentence and separated by commas.

(4) Question marks and exclamation marks are generally not used together. Only sentences expressing strong feelings are used together with questions or rhetorical questions.

4. Comma: indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence, and commas can be used where other periods are not suitable.

(1) In order to emphasize the length of subject or subject-predicate, a comma is used between subject and predicate.

(2) If there are modal particles behind the subject, it is appropriate to use a period.

(3) In the case of verb inversion, a comma is used between the subject and the predicate.

(4) If the subject is a patient and the predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, a comma is used between the subject and the predicate.

(5) Verbs are psychological verbs or simple verbs. If the object is long, use commas.

(6) Used after the adverbial at the beginning of a sentence.

(7) There is an independent language in the middle of the subject and predicate, with commas before and after the independent language, and the independent language is at the beginning of the sentence, followed by commas; Use a comma at the end of the sentence before it.

(8) Used in the middle of coordinate phrases and long phrases.

(9) Used between clauses.

(10) can also be used after some related words.

Of course, the article is not poking fun at the end, but should take into account the structure of the sentence, the tone of expression and so on.

5. Pause sign: indicates the pause between short coordinate components, and pause sign is also often used after the number indicating sequence.

Please note the following points:

(1) When conjunctions such as "and, and, and" appear in the middle of the coordinate words, you can't use pause before the conjunctions.

(2) Generally, there is no pause between the numbers representing the divisor. For example, "There are about seven or eight people."

(3) There is no pause between the coordinate components with compact tone and clear structure. Such as "southeast and northwest"

(4) Parallel abbreviations should not use pause in the middle of abbreviations. Such as: "National Joint Management of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce"

(5) Avoid ambiguity caused by misuse of pause.

6. Semicolon: indicates the pause between coordinate clauses in complex complex sentences.

(1) As long as one part of a complex sentence is composed of clause groups, the other part, even a single sentence, should be separated by semicolons.

(2) In principle, semicolons indicate pauses between coordinate clauses in multiple complex sentences.

(3) In principle, semicolons are only used in complex sentences, not simple sentences, but simple sentences contain complex sentences or complex objects, and semicolons can also be used before the objects.

Pay attention to the use of semicolons:

(1) The complex sentence has only two clauses, and the semicolon is unnecessary.

(2) Improper use of semicolons can easily lead to unclear sentence levels.

7. Colon: it mainly indicates the pause of prompt or summary, indicating that there is something to say below or that the above summarizes the following.

Colons are also used after the opening title of letters, speeches, etc. , can also be used behind the illustrated text.

Generally speaking, don't use colons when there is no big pause. If "Say, Q" is in the middle or after the direct speech, you can't use a colon.

Mark pointed out that making things interesting. ...

Since ancient times, China has not set punctuation marks to distinguish the meaning of the article, but only recited it by himself, so there are often deviations and controversies in meaning. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that the academic and cultural exchanges between China and the West were very close, and the characteristics of sentence breaking were recognized by Chinese people. The deviation of meaning caused by improper sentence breaks often leads to many jokes. Let's look at some interesting stories about "broken sentences".

First of all, Hugo's telegram

Victor hugo is a famous French romantic writer. After writing his masterpiece Les Miserables, he sent it to a publishing house soon. After a while, he wanted to know whether the manuscript was accepted, so he sent a telegram to the publishing house with only one punctuation mark "?" , signed "Hugo". After receiving it, the editor of the publishing house immediately sent a telegram back to Hugo, which read: "! -editing room. "

Soon, this masterpiece that shocked the literary world was published, and the telegram between Hugo and the editor was also passed down as an anecdote.

Second, Wang Yong can't beat the rich man.

Wang Yong is clever and brave. He likes to fight against rich and powerful people. A rich man deliberately hired him as a long-term worker to get back at him.

One day, the rich man and his wife played chess, called Wang Yong to him and said, "Let's make a bet. Guess who won the chess game? Guess right, give you an ingot; If you guess wrong, I'll give you twenty lashes. "

Wang Yong immediately wrote "You win and she loses".

The rich man deliberately lost to his wife and proudly wanted to beat Wang Yong 20 lashes. Wang Yong read: "Did you hit her? Lost! " The rich have nothing to say.

In the second set, the rich man won his wife. Wang Yong read these four words again: "You win, she loses." There is nothing the rich man can do. He didn't win Wang Yong, but he lost the gold ingot.

Third, use punctuation to save your life.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi, who was in charge of state affairs, asked a calligrapher to write a fan. That calligrapher wrote a poem by Wang Zhihuan, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty: "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and there is an isolated city-Wan Ren. Why bother to complain about the willow, the spring breeze is only Yumenguan. "

However, due to the negligence of calligraphers, the word "Jian" was omitted when writing poems. Cixi was furious after seeing it. She thought it was a deliberate deception of her lack of knowledge. She wants to ask the calligrapher to die. The calligrapher used his quick wits and quickly explained that this poem was written by Wang Zhihuan. Then he repeated the sentence on the spot and recited: "Far away from the Yellow River, there are white clouds, and Wan Ren Mountain is an isolated city; Why are you complaining about Johnny? Willow spring breeze, not Yumenguan. "

Cixi was speechless after hearing this and had to give money to the calligrapher. In times of crisis, calligraphers skillfully use punctuation to save their lives.