Knowledge is not enough, and writing is also together.

Recently, I read some books and articles about the imperial examination, and I have a lot of feelings and thoughts. The sky is still there, and the ground is still there. The imperial examination era, which lasted for more than 1 300 years and produced 65,438+10,000+Jinshi, is gone forever. The mountain is still there and the water is still there. Students who have read four books and five classics and are familiar with Confucian classics have become a thing of the past.

Fortunately, there are words that can make people or things of that era spread to this day, so that future generations can fully understand that era, understand people and things of that era, or learn from or criticize, or admire or despise, or love or sympathize.

Although the imperial examination system has been criticized, it must be said that the literati style cultivated by the imperial examination is really good, even if it is an eight-part essay, even if it is imaginary, it can be written well. Even in today's era, it belongs to the kind with brilliant literary talent and excellent writing style. Of course, limited by social conditions and education at that time, they may lack knowledge, especially science and engineering knowledge and foreign knowledge, but this does not affect their literary talent. So I wrote this title: Not enough knowledge, write together. On the one hand, it shows that the knowledge of literati in the imperial examination era is relatively narrow, and more importantly, it praises their writing.

If you want to prove the view that "knowledge is not enough, writing can make up for it", you need arguments to prove it, otherwise you will become a naked title party. But we have heard enough of the truth, even a little tired, so let's listen to a story first.

190 1 year, cixi ordered the reform of the imperial examination. Chinese and foreign political history has been added to the examination content. In order to cater to this desire, the examiner once crammed Napoleon of France into the exam. Knowing roughly that Napoleon, like Xiang Yu of China, was a valiant soldier who ended in failure, he came up with a question for comparison between China and foreign countries: On Xiang Yu's broken wheel. Xiang Yu is a well-known figure, and it was actually Napoleon who took the broken wheel. This question may not be too difficult for today's people, almost everyone can speak a thing or two, but for those intellectuals who are familiar with the four books and five classics, they are puzzled. Who can take this broken wheel? Since the wheel is broken, why pick it up? It does not affect the answer to the question, nor does it affect the play of literary talent.

So, one candidate wrote:

Her husband, Xiang Yu, is a hero who has pulled out mountains and covered land. Are there any broken wheels that you can't take? You have to! You don't have to! What is a broken wheel? How big is it? How high is it? Block the way, you can lift your feet, you are the king, and you will pass safely. Why do you need to dismount and move, and then go forward? Isn't it unnecessary ... Gu Yu thought: Xiang Yu doesn't have to break the wheel. ...

Then, he went one step further and expressed his confusion:

With "On Napoleon of Xiang Yu" as the topic, all his accomplishments are conceived, and the new is the new! However, it seems that the wording is a little refined, which seems a bit short of success. Why? People who use the word "take the broken wheel" also say that "take" is a vernacular; "Breaking" classical Chinese should say: "we"; If "Lun" and "Wheel" are not connected with each other-I guess repeatedly, Mr. Wang means that the enemy was broken by the Xiang army and its wheel was separated from the car body, Enron is not only "Lun Lun" but also ...

This examinee deserves to be an expert in writing, with meticulous analysis and rigorous words, but he still made a joke because he didn't know what a broken wheel was. To this end, many people ridicule it as a paragraph. No matter how true the story is, it is indeed a vivid portrayal of "lack of knowledge, writing makes up for it".

After listening to a story, let's listen to a short story:

In the Qing Dynasty, a candidate went out to play before the exam and saw a common sight of a well between two locust trees on the roadside. I don't know why he remembers it. When he looked up the papers in the examination room, he felt that he had too little knowledge and the whole article lacked allusions. When he writes, he will be laughed at by the examiner for being uneducated and failing the exam. He came up with a clever idea and decided to invent some. He had a brainwave and came! With a wave of his hand, he said, "Since there are two locust trees in the well ...".

Ever since two Sophora japonica trees were caught in a well. He wrote so calmly that the examiners who marked the papers were nervous. He is afraid that he has too little knowledge and not enough reading, and he knows nothing about this allusion. It is absolutely impossible to ask the candidates for their opinions, so he must give them a good evaluation as a cover.

The imperial examination system lasted for more than 1300 years in China, which had a great influence on China's politics and culture. As the content of the exam becomes narrower and narrower, the reader's thoughts are imprisoned, and the utilitarian purpose of the exam leads to the disadvantages of studying for the sake of being an official and getting rich, and the society is seriously deformed. However, it is undeniable that the imperial examination system has greatly promoted and demonstrated the popularization of knowledge and the cultivation of folk reading atmosphere. The temptation of fame and fortune and the expectation of honoring ancestors may sometimes be said to be an unhealthy psychology, but more often it is a spur and a driving force. Therefore, from the objective effect, the fashion of being an official in the imperial examination promoted the realm of civil society and purified the atmosphere of civil society. Although grassroots scholars inevitably have a sour taste all over their bodies, it is this sour taste that adds to the book fragrance of civil society.

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