What does Amitabha in Nanwu mean?

Also known as a six-character name. The significance of returning to amitabha. View on Volume I of the Infinite Life Sutra (in Daqi, 246):' Infinite life is the Chinese pronunciation here. Those who say that there is no Amitabha in the south are also western countries. Those who go south belong to the country, those who have no life have no life, those who have no life have no life, those who have lost life have quantity, and those who have lived long have enlightenment. Therefore, to say that life lasts forever is the opposite of Brahma and Korea, which means this. "

In addition, Brahma Amitabha Sutra says that Amitabha has infinite life (where amita^yus is transliterated as Amitabha) and infinite light (where amita Ba is transliterated as Amitabha), and Xuanzang's translation of Ode to Pure Land also allows this distinction. However, all Amitabha classics translated by Kumarajiva have been translated into Amitabha, and so have other translators, such as Lou Gao Jia, Zhi Qian and Ci Xian. In addition, the handout of the Amitabha Sutra, which was inspired deeply, said that the Sanskrit translation of the ancient Amitabha was infinite in life and light, which was called' infinite in life', that is, there was no Amitabha sunbathing in the south (Brahma amita Yus/Ebuddha Ya), which meant to worship Buddha with infinite life; If expressed in amita^bha^ya's words, it is to turn to the infinite light Buddha.

Calling the six-character name and wishing to live in the pure land of the West was advocated by Hui Yuan and others in Lushan Mountain. At that time, it was not simply a name-calling activity, but a chanting for the convenience of observation and the purpose of focusing on the mind. After a long period of experience and good guidance, it advocated' chanting the Buddha's life' and other efforts to recite the Buddha. The six-character name is based on Tommy's position and virtue in order to achieve his body, mind and virtue, so his merits and virtues are very effective. Infinite longevity, saying that this name has great merits; Seeing the infinite longevity sutra, but hearing the Buddha's name, can eliminate the crime of infinite robbery of life and death; According to the Amitabha sutra, people who read Buddhism can be protected by the Buddhas in the Six-Party Constant Sand. "Endless Tathagata practices rituals, observes scriptures and conveys meanings, and praises Amitabha (Tanluan)".

Nanwu (Van namas, Ba namo, Tibetan phyag-h! tshal ba)

Free translation of life or ceremony. Transliteration is also called Nanmo, Nanmang, Namo, Namo, Namo, Mimo. Dalagni Ji Jing (Dazheng18.869c):' There is no Buddha in the south, no monk in the south.' According to the bodhicitta precept, there are no four Buddhas in South China, and there is no Pilu Zen Buddha. All the names of Buddhas in the Buddhist Scripture are also titled' Nanwu'.

In addition, there are six clouds in the book "Xuan Ying's Sound and Meaning":' If there is nothing in the south, it will return to the ritual translation, and if there is something in the south, it will be wrong.'

Hui Yuan's Nirvana Sutra, Volume 1:' Brahman said that there is nothing in the south, and this statement is destined.' The fourth volume of Hokkeyoyishu, collected by the French, holds that Nanwu means to bring me back to life, and to bring me back to life means to return to the Ten Buddhas with life. On the Volume of Huiyuan Yi Yin:' The clouds are busy, so it is called salute. They all regard it as a tribute. In addition, the good guides "Guan" and "Xuan Yi Fen" think that the south has no resurrection and vows.

According to the publishing house, the word "Nanwu" is translated from Sanskrit and Ba, so the word "Wu" should be pronounced as "ㄇㄛˊ" according to the ancient pronunciation, starting with "Ma" or "Mo". It can't be pronounced' ㄨˊ' in Beijing.

[Resources] Roll up Notes on Past Lives; On the volume of Mahayana letter theory.

Amita-Buddha (Dpag-tu-med, dpag-yas)

Free translation is infinite light, or infinite longevity Buddha. As the leader of the western paradise. Under the threat of avalokitesvara and the two great bodhisattvas, he practiced enlightenment and attracted all beings in the pure land of bliss. This is the most familiar Tathagata in China's Buddhist circles.

According to the Infinite Life Sutra, Amitabha was a king before becoming a monk. Inspired by the Buddha in the world, he initiated the desire to seek the supremacy of Tao and became a monk. When he was practicing, he made forty-eight vows, vowing to build a solemn paradise and save all sentient beings who read the Buddha's name. Among them, there are three wishes:' Make me a Buddha, and all living beings in ten places believe in happiness, and are willing to live in our country for ten years. If they are not alive, they will not be enlightened. Except for the five evils, slander Buddhism. "Make me a Buddha, ten beings are bodhicitta, practice all kinds of merits, and make a wish to give birth to our country. Throughout his life, the fake order does not surround the public to show the front, and he does not take the right sense. " If I get the Buddha, all the people in the ten places will hear my name, cherish our country, cultivate virtues and return to the heart. They want to give birth to our country, and those who fail will not be enlightened. '

Based on these profound vows, anyone who has enough faith and will to do things, such as chanting Buddha, will be led by him and die in the pure land of Buddhism after he becomes a Buddha.

amitabha

Amitabha is merciful and deep, and Buddhism is very easy. So in China and Japan, there are many sentient beings who believe in Amitabha Buddhism. The proverb' Amitabha is at home, and every household has Guanyin' is the best example of the widely spread belief in Amitabha.

◎ Appendix 1: Amitabha (from Buddhist Dictionary)

Amitabha, the leader of the Western Heaven. According to Sanskrit, Amitabha has two kinds of Sanskrit. First, Amita^bha, translated as boundless light. Amita^bha is a combination of adjective amita (boundless) and female noun a^bha^ (bright). The root of "rice" is "horse", which means "quantity"; Adding the suffix ta after mi becomes an adjective, meaning' limited'; Before Tammy, add a conjunction A that means "nothing" or "nothing" to form the word "amita". "A BHA" is the root of BHA (Guangyao), with the combination A with the meaning of "near", and its part of speech belongs to female nouns. But this does not mean boundless light, but the Buddha's name as boundless light. Therefore, the ending a of the root vowel is shortened to a short sound and becomes a male noun. Ami-ta Yus, translated as infinite life. Amita^yus consists of adjective amita and neutral noun a^yus (life span). It is said that the root of a^yus is' an', which means breathing, but some people think that the root of ay is ay (line), followed by the suffix us, which becomes a neutral noun and means' longevity'. When Roche translated the Sutra of Amitabha, he did not distinguish between the two and called it Amitabha.

According to the "Infinite Life Sutra", in the past long robbery period, when the Buddha was born, there was a king who, after listening to the Buddha's statement, became a monk and was named Fazang. After that, Peter Fazang lived in Wang Qian, absorbed the wonderful land of 2 10 billion Buddha, and made 48 wishes. The eighteenth wish is the most basic wish. His wish said,' If I get the Buddha, all beings in ten places will believe in happiness and want to live in our country for ten years. If you are not born, you will not be enlightened. The Zen master made this wish and has always been enshrined in the solemn pure land. His Buddhist land is ten trillion temples away from here, and it is famous for its happiness.

About Amitabha becoming a Buddha, Hong Yan listed eight kinds in Volume III of Amitabha Sutra:

(1) "hokke kyo" records that when Datong outsmarted the Tathagata, sixteen princes became monks, and nine princes became buddhas in the west, named amitabha.

(2) According to the Chinese Sorrow and Music Classic, there was a wheel king named Wu Nian before the boundless robbery. He is a Buddha in the western world, and his name is Amitabha, and his name is Anle.

(3) When Wang Rulai was summoned by the pure flame in Mahayana, a pure monk had been holding 1.4 billion sutras and was widely praised by many merchants. He ordered a monk, today's Amitabha.

(4) When Lei Yun roared the Tathagata, a prince named Jingfu reported many voices and once supported him. Peter was blessed by all the princes, namely Amitabha today.

(5) When the Golden Dragon decides the Buddha of Light in the Classic of Robbery of Immortals, there was a mage named Infinite Treasure Music and Li Hongjing Method. The mage at that time was Amitabha today.

(6) Nine years after the publication of the Samadhi Sutra, four monks read the Samadhi Sutra, and the third monk is Amitabha today.

(7) When the golden light of the lion game came, there was a king named Shengwei who worshipped the Buddha and practiced meditation. He beat Wang Wei, that is, Amitabha today.

(8) According to the Sutra of the Total Bodhisattva, when Amitabha was a prince, he heard about the subtle practice of chanting Buddha and tried to keep it.

There are many sayings about the reason why Amitabha became a Buddha, besides those mentioned above. According to media reports, Amitabha is not found in the Mahayana classics, but it is often mentioned in other Mahayana classics.

In addition, Amitabha is said by all Mahayana classics, so all Mahayana sects have nothing to say, but their views are not necessarily the same. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two categories. First, the idealistic Amitabha is based on reason and has a pure heart. Second, it is based on events, which means to build a pure land outside the border, and now it is called Tommy. The following is a summary of what each family said:

(1) Faxiangzong: Perception Theory (Volume 10) talks about three bodies: self body, user body and changing body. Self-nature is rational, so Amitabha should be no different from other buddhas. The identity of the beneficiary is selfish, and he is beneficial. Amitabha is his karma. However, the Buddha and the ordinary man in front of the earth saw that Amitabha changed his body, while the Buddha on the earth saw that he benefited from it. That is to say, the Amitabha Buddha seen by the Bodhisattva in Chu is sitting on the lotus seat in Bai Bao, which is 60 trillion yuan as mentioned in the "Infinite Life Sutra". What they saw in two places was the Buddha's body on the lotus seat in Chiba, which changed from the wisdom of the Buddha's successor to the wisdom of the ten bodhisattvas. The pure land in which they live is the pure land.

If so, it is because the blessings of all beings are different, so the Buddha's body is thick and wonderful. In other words, the energy-saving Amitabha shows the Buddha's body with a root machine; All beings are enhanced by the Buddha's body, and all saints understand the Buddha's body with their wisdom, knowledge and blessing, so the Buddha's body they see is different. Three sages and bodhisattvas, two ordinary people, etc. see the incarnation of the little Buddha; Four good root bodhisattvas see Buddha incarnate; The bodhisattva above the first place saw him sitting on the big lotus platform, enjoying himself and being beautiful. This big Lushe body is the Buddha body that Amitabha showed to Bodhisattva on the ground. With this Buddha body as the upper edge, the bodhisattvas on the ground can realize the vast perfection of the Buddha body according to their own wishes. Therefore, when the Bodhisattva first entered, the inferior Buddha body hidden in front of it was superior to the subtle Buddha body. But the bodhisattvas on the ground can't see the Buddha's body before they are on the ground, and the bodhisattvas on the ground can see the changes of the Buddha's body if they want to. Therefore, the bodhisattva on the ground sees its usefulness and changes.

(2) Three Theories of Buddhism: This sect also talks about three kinds of Buddha bodies, namely, {1} Dharma body, {2} Dharma body and {3} Taoist incarnation. The right dharma body is the real dharma body, also known as the body, self and Buddha body. To become a dharma body is to apply yourself to the body, which is also called wisdom dharma body, Buddhism and inner body. The incarnation of Tao is the combination of his beneficiary and the incarnation of Tao, both of which serve altruistic purposes, so they become one. This is for other purposes. Starting from this dharma body, it is not a reward for the Buddha's position. If this Buddha is divided into two bodies, as far as he is concerned, it is a wonderful and vast Buddha body, that is, the so-called outer body, which is the Buddha body of the bodhisattva on the earth. As far as incarnation is concerned, it is a rough picture of Zhang, also known as transformation; This is the Buddha's body before the land transformation of Bodhisattva and Cheng Everyman.

Among these three-body people, Dharma-Dharma Buddha manages dharma bodies and practices Buddhism, so he is immortal. Becoming a Buddha is the body of wisdom and Buddhism, and it is provable wisdom. Because it is the wisdom of the truth proved by the ghost contract, the intellectual body is also permanent. The Theory of Great Wisdom says that if Sapo is a real law, it will not be born or die. If Sapo is translated into a wise man, the wise man is the wisdom of the Buddha and the real eternal law. Life and death are impermanent, and the Buddha should be turned into a root machine and turned into a sad use. The next day is the noumenon of reason, not the body of Buddha, so there is no saying. The incarnation of the Tao is the incarnation of the Buddha's body from the noumenon, with colorful voices and the sad use of preaching, so it can express the feelings of transformation.

(3) Hua Yanzong: According to Zhi Yanzong's Confucius, Volume 4, Past Life, Amitabha is twice as different as three times. If you take a ride, Amitabha belongs to the sea of the world and is close to the beginning. The teaching environment is real, and the Buddha country is harmonious, which is beyond saying. If multiplied by three, the pure land of the west is the land of truth. Four soils were introduced, namely, dharma soil, pure land, true soil and pure land. Culture is newspaper culture, not incarnation culture. If so, the pure land in the west belongs to the sea of the world, and Amitabha is the solemn world owner of Lotus, that is, Amitabha is the same body of Peruzena.

Hua Yanzong divided Buddhism into two parts, one is the earthsea and the other is the world sea. Land and sea are unspeakable fruits, and the world ocean is a land that can be said because of division. There are three kinds of world seas, one is the solemn world sea hidden by lotus, the other is the ten-fold world sea, and the third is the infinite variegated world. If it is suitable for three lives to become Buddha, the third is to know the land, the second is to get rid of it, and the first is to prove the pure land. Lotus, China and Tibet are pure land, so they are both unspeakable fruits. Therefore, Volume III of Five Religious Chapters says (Dazheng 45.498b):' One Lotus, China, Tibet, a solemn world, full of master companions, and Indra. And should be regarded as the realm of ten buddhas. "The pure land of the west was taken in the lotus hidden in the sea, and the main companion was sufficient. Amitabha is the same as the complete Piluchan.

(4) Tiantai Sect: This Sect believes that Buddha must have three bodies and soil is one of the four soils. Therefore, Amitabha's peaceful support, although it is difficult to determine what kind of land it is, must be the life of ordinary people. At six o'clock day and night, there are differences in the meaning of eating and drinking, hearing and hearing. The Buddha also said three ways. Therefore, judging Tommy's pure land should be soil. Comrade Mahayana's sutra said that the pure land became Buddha, which was all Buddhist newspapers, and was seen by ignorant people, not ordinary people living together. According to the ninth view of "Viewing the Classics", the Buddha statue of Amitabha is 60 trillion, which is a Buddha's body specially displayed for the seventh believers of Dayuanism. Great wisdom says that the western world comes from the three realms, so the western world does not belong to the three realms. As far as Buddha land is concerned, there are three realms without four evils.

However, this pure land of Amitabha Buddha is different from the land where all Buddhas live together. There are four places in Tommy's pure land, so those who live in a beautiful view are not exhausted, but they often worship the truth and report to the land, which is different from being born in a place where all Buddhists live together. Although the living soil of the Buddha has four soils, it is known that it is vertical and four soils. If it is confused, it can enter three soils. It has a horizontal meaning, but it is only temporarily seen by the power of the Buddha. Therefore, the life and death of the top grade of bliss is still confusing, which is quite different from those who often report to the Buddha to live in the land.

According to Xu Zhi's Sanskrit Xuanyi and Xiao Jing Yao Jie, the meanings of the four soils are all confused. The so-called vertical means entering the convenient soil after cohabitation and entering the actual soil after leaving the convenient soil. If you don't move horizontally, you will feel convenient, true and lonely. Although there are horizontal meanings in the four realms of the Buddhas, in the pure land of cohabitation, there are generally vertical meanings without horizontal meanings, and only bliss cohabitation has four realms. This is a place that has never been seen in the world of ten directions, and the only cause of all-round cultivation is Amitabha. The secret of Hua Yan and the extreme significance of Fa Hua lie in holding famous Buddhist practice. Others, such as living by industry, are gone forever, such as Amitabha living in the same place, which is the best way to put it, and can give full play to the rooftop and the four natures.

(5) Zen Buddhism: The purpose of Zen Buddhism is to point directly at people's hearts, regard nature as Buddha, connect with Buddha's heart, cultivate mind and be conscious. Therefore, nothing is called seeing the Tao, and nothing is called doing. Only by keeping your true colors, showing your duty, not sticking to the distinction between good and evil, cause and effect, living in an empty heart, and having no thoughts, will your true nature be revealed. This is called becoming a Buddha. It has a Buddha-like principle called infinite life. That is, the heart is the Buddha's meaning, and the Buddha is not seen outside the heart. "Six Ancestors' Tanjing" says (Dazheng 48.352a):' Anyone who is crazy can't know his nature, and he doesn't know the pure land in his body. He is willing to run around and be enlightened everywhere. Monk Baozhi thinks that the wise man regards the heart as the Buddha, while the fool celebrates the west. But if you believe in this, losing it is not Zen. Therefore, Zen master Zong Yi praised the West in 26 lines.

(6) Pure Land Sect: Random play discusses the Buddha's body in two ways in Notes on Past Lives. Dharma body and convenient dharma body are two kinds of dharma bodies. The body of law is like a principle, an impersonal body and a simple door. Convenient dharma is honesty, and freeing all sentient beings is great sorrow. A phaseless dharma body is a phaseless dharma body, and a phaseless dharma body becomes a phaseless dharma body. So the two dharma bodies are different, and there is no difference. This is a Buddha's body with a wide range of knowledge, so it is unified in the name of' Fa'. Therefore, it is because of the purity of the solemn body of the heart, which is the inaction dharma body of true wisdom and the net result of the solemn and inaction dharma body of true wisdom. Therefore, Amitabha is a solemn and broad pure Buddha body, that is, two dharma bodies. In Ji Le, Daochuo said that Amitabha is a Buddha, and the solemn realm of the land of bliss is the earth. He also said that the theory of Amitabha's coming and going in the "Avalokitesvara" is a manifestation of one of the five hidden aspects of reporting. The incarnation of Amitabha is the amitabha of Qingtai mentioned in the Drum Sutra, and the amitabha of pure land in the west is definitely a Buddha. A good guide discusses karma from merits and wishes, and the theory that nirvana is changeless and unchangeable in a great frequency, and will understand the theory of Amitabha's entry and extinction in Guanyin Jishou Jing. That is to say, Nirvana is empty, and it is said that the new Buddha is not like it, in order to avoid the fear of the new Buddha. The same is true of Amitabha's theory of death. If you don't advance, you will be destroyed, and if you advance, you will be destroyed. If it turns into nirvana, how can it hurt the meaning of karma?

◎ Appendix II: Twelve Light Buddhas (excerpted from Full Moon Buddhist Dictionary)

Twelve Light Buddhas are twelve titles used to praise Amitabha's bright virtue. That is, boundless light Buddha, boundless light Buddha, barrier-free light Buddha, opposite light Buddha, flaming king light Buddha, pure light Buddha, joyful light Buddha, intelligent light Buddha, endless light Buddha, hard-to-think light Buddha, unnamed light Buddha and super-sun moonlight Buddha; Language out of the "Infinite Life Classic" volume.

According to the explanation in the volume of Infinite Life Sutra, the Buddha's light is uncountable, hence the name Infinite; There is no reason not to follow the name; No one can hinder the time-honored brand; It is not the name of a bodhisattva; Bright and comfortable, there is nothing better, hence the name of the flame king; The appearance of Buddha without greed and good roots can also remove the greed of all beings, so it is named pure; Born of Buddha's good roots without resentment, it can eliminate the resentment of all beings and make them happy; Starting from the ignorance and kindness of Buddha, light removes the ignorance of all beings, hence the name wisdom; The Buddha's name is not changed to Zhao Yi. Light is not measured by squares, so it is difficult to think; Light is not what Yucheng and others can say, so there is no name; The Buddha's light shines day and night, hence the name Super Sun and Moon.

In addition to the general name of the twelve light buddhas mentioned above, other versions and Sanskrit have different opinions on the names and numbers. For example, in the Great Amitabha Sutra and Isosleep Sutra I, only the Light Sutra sighs, and the Buddha's name is not listed. In Mahayana's solemn Infinite Life Sutra, Volume 17 of Dabaoji Sutra, Infinite Life Tathagata, Sanskrit Infinite Life Sutra, etc. Give the names of thirteen lights, fourteen lights and twenty lights to show the virtue of Buddha's light.

Moreover, in the Shurangama Sutra at the top of the giant Buddha and the Maharani Sutra of nine Amitabha Samadhi, the Twelve Light Buddhas are another name for the Twelve Tathagata. However, these are all translations of the Infinite Life Sutra, which belong to the thoughts of later generations.

◎ Appendix III: Amitabha No.37 (from Buddhist Dictionary)

Amitabha No.37 refers to 37 German names of Amitabha. That is, infinite light, true light, infinite light, equal sense, unobstructed light, inconceivable, no right light, after all, dependence, radiant king, great service, clean light, joyful light, great freedom, intelligent light, constant light, hard-to-think light, unweighted light, ultra-solar moonlight, nothing and so on. Great society, great heart, supreme respect, equal strength and great heart. This is the close love of a Japanese monk. At the beginning of Pure Land and Zan, it is listed as Zan Amitabha. Among them, there are twelve kinds of virtues, such as boundless light, boundless light, unobstructed light, aimless light, radiant king, pure light, joyful light, intelligent light, endless light, hard-to-think light and super-solar moonlight, which are called twelve lights. Amitabha is named for its light.

◎ Appendix 4: Three Buddha Statues of Amitabha (Compilation Group)

The statue of Amitabha refers to the avalokitesvara bodhisattva and the general trend of Amitabha and his entourage. For example, the Infinite Life Sutra says (Dazheng 12.342c):' The Infinite Life Buddha lives in heaven, and Guanyin and the general trend stand as two great men. You can't see the brilliance of the light, and the golden hall of 100,000 can't compare with it.'

Regarding the position of threatening bodhisattva, Guanyin is generally on the left side of Buddha, even on the right side of Buddha. But in Sanskrit ode "Hokkekyo" and "Pumenpin", Guanyin is on the right or left of the Buddha. In the volume "The Heart of the Avalokitesvara" and "The Power Sutra of the Great Rani Alulu", it is said that Guanyin is on the right and Shi Zhi is on the left. Volume 2 of the Great Darani Collection says that the right side of the Buddha is eleven avalokitesvara faces, and the left side is the general trend. However, Volume 5 of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva's Endless Life Sutra, The Sutra of Making God True, says that there is Ada Lotus on the left side of the Buddha, Guanyin sits on it, and the lotus on the right side of the Buddha sits on the bodhisattva. This is because Guanyin is the representative of sadness, which is to reduce the meaning of all beings, so it is placed on the left; Potential represents wisdom, and it is meaningful on Kubote, so it is content with rights.

Regarding the image of stone, there is a Buddha in the crown of Guanyin and an Aquarius in the crown. Since the Middle Ages, Guanyin has been regarded as a lotus seat with folded hands, which is very powerful.

◎ Appendix V: The Great Mantra of Amitabha (excerpts from the Buddhist Dictionary of Complacency Month, etc.). )

The mantra of Amitabha refers to the Dalagni of Amitabha (dha^ran! i^)。 From "Endless Ritual". Also known as the infinite life Buddha Dalagni, Amitabha Buddha Tathagata Dalagni or Ten Manna Mantra. It is one of the three major Ranis (Amitabha mantra, Baoyu India Rani, and Sanctity Rani).

The Amitabha mantra transliterated in Chinese characters is as follows: "Yimo, Alloy Mo, Luo Yi Ye Ye, Namo, Aliye, Midopoye, Zuo Yi ■ Ye Yi, Alo River bottom, Sanyu San Pu Toye and Yee.

The Roman pronunciation of this spell is as follows: ∴ Namo Ratnatraya Yanan Ah! A Rya Mita BHA Yatatha Gata Ya Ahart Sam% ·sam%yaksam%buddha^yatadyatha^! ite amr！ itodbhave amr！ ita-sambhave amr！ itagarbhe amr！ I love you! I-Tetye Amru! itavihr！ im%te am%r！ itavihr！ im % tagamineamr！ itagaganaki^rttikare(？ )amr！ it adum % dubhi-svare sarvarthasadhane sarvakarmakrama-s/asks！ ayan%kare(？ )svaha。

This mantra has often been transliterated from ancient times to the present, such as the translation of Guanyin's Sutra of Supporting the Tathagata by Tang Dynasty, Dalagni Collection by Tang Adiqu, Manjusri Fabao Dalagni Sutra by Tang Bodhi, Manna Dalagni Mantra by Tang Dynasty and Amitabha Mantra lost. However, the spells they contain are different in length. Ten of the mantras mentioned today are amido (amr! Ta, meaning manna), so it is called' Ten Manna Mantra'.

Say the mantra of Amitabha once according to "infinite life is the Tathagata", that is, except for ten evils, four evils and five evils, all the obstacles of sin are cleared. Whoever commits a fundamental crime and recites it seven times must return it immediately. Recite it 10 thousand times, and you will get samadhi, which you will never forget. Bodhisattva appears in your body, bright and round, like a bright moon. When I lay dying, I saw the boundless Buddha and the boundless bodhisattva coming to meet me, that is, I gave birth to the top grade of Elysium and proved the position of Bodhisattva.

◎ Appendix 6: The First Section of Chapter 11 of the Origin and Development of Early Mahayana Buddhism by Yin Shun (excerpt)

From the Amitabha Sutra, the pure land of Amitabha Buddha is unique in the early Mahayana thought of pure land. The monk made twenty-four wishes (or forty-eight wishes) to build a perfect pure land as a Dojo to free all beings and cultivate the pure land in the afterlife. Before choosing 20 billion land and forming 24 wishes, the fundamental characteristics of Amitabha's pure land have been shown in front of the Buddha. For example, "Amitabha" (Three Wota Buddha Tan Tairen) says (Dazheng12 300c):' When I later became a Buddha, I was the most respected Buddha in all directions, with both wisdom and courage. The light on the head, like Buddha's light, shines on infinity. The land where I live, natural Qibao, is extremely soft and very good. Later, when I became a Buddha, the professor's name was heard by many Buddhist countries in all directions, and everyone knew my name. People who have lived in China for a few days and squirmed around, as well as other people who came to our country, all know that being a bodhisattva and being an arhat has no central number and is better than all Buddhist countries. "

The twenty-four wishes or forty-eight wishes mentioned in the scripture are nothing more than the concrete combination of this fundamental will. Amitabha's light is better than all buddhas. The glory and fame of the Buddha were praised by countless Buddhist countries in ten countries and lamented by the people in ten countries, so I made a vow to die: this is the twenty-fourth wish. Amitabha's extraordinary victory is manifested by the light and name of the Buddha. The Buddha's light has relieved the suffering of all sentient beings. There are Buddhist legends in different degrees in the karma of Buddhism being released into the womb and being born into Buddha. Amitabha Pure Land is highly respected because it attaches importance to the interests of all beings in the light. It is Amitabha's fundamental wish to be superior to other Buddhas, so the seventeenth wish is to say,' My eyes, ears and feet are ten times better than those of other Buddhas.' I want to say,' Let me be ten times as wise as the Buddha and say that I am guided by the road.' Perhaps this is too special and not suitable for the principle of "Buddha-Buddha equality", so these two wishes have been omitted in other translations. It is the third wish to achieve the seven treasures of the country in the fundamental will, which is not found in the infinite purity and equality consciousness sutra. In the development of the pure land original wish thought, it focuses on the merits of those who live in the pure land in the afterlife. The focus of pure land thought is not only the ideal natural environment, but also the virtue and further study in pure land and the peaceful direction between sages.

[Reference] "With Luo Wende Guang Taizi Jing"; Decide to hold the scriptures forever; Infinite Life Jing You Boti Society; "On Ten Dwelling Pipa Sand" Volume 5 "Barter"; Past life notes; Pure land thought collection (modern Buddhist academic series {66}); Introduction to Pure Land Education (Translation Series of World Buddhist Masterpieces {52}); Dutch sucker Qinghui's research on Amitabha: Jiecheng ordered to listen to "Amitabha's faith, meaning, meaning and Mahayana Buddhist history"; The beginning and development of Wang Yue Xinheng's Pure Land Sect; Lecture Mahayana Buddhism Volume Five Pure Land Thought; Collection of commemorative works of Dr. Nakamura Yuan.