Dongping joke

Where is the Water Margin today? As a geographical question, the answer can be simple. Liangshan Park is located in Liangshan County, Jining City, Shandong Province, and the remaining waters are between Liangshan, Yuncheng and Dongping counties in the southwest of Shandong Province. A few years ago, 10, my colleagues and I went to Jining for investigation. Colleagues of Jining City Federation of Trade Unions summed up the cultural pattern of the city in one sentence-"East Culture and West Martial Arts". The so-called "eastern language" refers to the "three holes" in Qufu in the east of Jining (Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest); The so-called "Seibu" refers to Liangshan, Shui Bo, west of Jining (that is, the base of Sung River in Water Margin). In fact, Liangshan at our feet is just a small mound, neither majestic nor steep. Standing on the mound and looking around, you can't see anything everywhere, not to mention "the mountains row huge waves and the water meets the sky." Only the flat canal and the four fields in the village smoked. I don't know what the original "Wanzicheng" and "Liao Erwa" looked like, but there are some cottage attractions such as Juyitang, Zhongyitang, Heifengkou, Duan Jinting and Songjiang Road on the mound. However, these shanzhai are all shanzhai versions. It is said that in recent years, local authorities have "shanzhai" more shanzhai scenic spots.

Where is the Water Margin in history? It is a question of historical materials, and the answer to this question needs to be checked. There was no Shandong Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, let alone Jining City. In Water Margin, Chai Jin told Lin Chong that Water Margin is a water town under the control of Jeju government. This Jeju mansion belongs to Jingdong West Road on the map of the Great Song Empire. The name of "Liang Shanbo" (also known as "Liang Shanlong") was first seen in Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips: in the sixth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (AD 959), "Dredging the canal, crossing Caoji and Liang Shanbo to the east, connecting with the water tank of Qingyun, ..." In the third year of Tianxi in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 65438+) ... "() In the twenty-first year of Jin Dading (A.D. 1 18 1), because "the Yellow River has moved its old course, Liangshan has retreated, and the land is vast, so it was sent to wasteland." (Jinshi Huo Zhi). For thousands of years, due to the repeated breaches of the Yellow River and siltation, the "eight hundred miles of water margin" has long since ceased to exist, and the vast waters around Liangshan have become vast cultivated land, which is really a sea change. Regarding the changes of Water Margin, the annotations in Ci Hai are authoritative. Water Margin is a part of Ozawa. In the Five Dynasties, the water surface of the water margin moved northward, and the surrounding Liangshan became a huge immersion, so it was called the water margin. From the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded many times and its area gradually expanded. After Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty, the surrounding area reached 800 Li.

After entering the gold, the river retreated and gradually dried up to the ground. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River once broke the river, then became a great lake, and soon dried up. "In the heyday of water margin, some scholars came here for boating and drinking and writing poems. Su Zhe, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "You know the hemp and salt well, but you know the Jianghuai japonica rice in autumn. Coarse dust-free mud feet, do not think that rhombic vines around the bow. If you want to find a husband, you will change places. If you want a guest, you will end up in a boat. Worry about Jinjiang for thousands of miles, and dream about it. "Su Zhe left a note at the end of the poem:" The debater will plant naked oats in this garden. "This is actually a political joke made up by people who oppose Wang Anshi's political reform:' Wang (An Shi) is very profitable, and some villains flatter him:' It is very profitable to decide to park 800 miles of water in Liangshan Lake for farming.' Gong Jing was very happy. Xu Yue said, "This policy is very reliable and good." . "Where is the water?" Father Gong Liu said from his seat, "Don't chisel a mile or eight hundred miles from him. Gong Jing stopped laughing. " ("Shao Lu Wenjian")

Where is the base of Sung River? This is a literary or academic problem. It should be said that Song Jiang has a history. According to Mr. Nie Gannu's textual research, Song Jiang was mentioned in the history of Song Dynasty, such as Biography of Huizong, Biography of Hou Meng and Biography of Zhang Shuye. But in these historical materials, Song Jiang is a "Huainan thief" and his whereabouts are uncertain. Sometimes Huaiyang, sometimes JD.COM, sometimes Jiangbei, sometimes Qilu, sometimes Heshuo, no base, just a "rogue", and finally he was captured and surrendered by Zhang Shuye in Haizhou. It is worth noting that there is no mention of Water Margin in these historical materials. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Gong Kai's Thirty-six Strategies of Sung River, several of them appeared in the later Water Margin, such as Lu Junyi, Yan Qing, Dai Zhong, Mu Hong and Zhang Heng. The author's description of these six people has the word "Taihang" under their names. Even based on the legacy of the Great Song Dynasty, it is full of contradictions. There is a saying that "going to Liangshan Park in Taihang Mountain is the enemy". From today's geography, Taihang Mountain and Liangshan Park are nearly a thousand miles apart. Emperor Wen of Sui was one of the power traitors in the late Northern Song Dynasty. From his "four years in power, worshiping the Changhua Army as our time" to his "three years of peace, mutual destruction with him", this man has such "achievements": "Where there are small officials, talents make suggestions, legislate for land lease, and …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… From four years in politics to three years in Xuanhe, almost all Song Jiang's activities in Liangshan were included in this period. For example, during the political and administrative years, Song Wu was ranked in Xuanhe for two years and enlisted in Xuanhe for four years.

That is to say, while Liangshan flourished in the water margin, the water margin in the Song Dynasty was under the normal jurisdiction of the court, and court officials were still exploiting and squeezing the water margin resources under various excuses. At this time, there was not only Song Jiang in the water margin, but also no other robbers. Because of this, the so-called base construction of Song Jiang and others in Water Margin is just a literary fiction of Shi Naian. In other words, Water Margin has nothing to do with Song Jiang. Do not underestimate the subtle influence of literary works. The story of Song Jiang and others became a common topic in Yuan Zaju, which, together with the processing and creation of literati in Ming Dynasty, finally formed the novel Water Margin. After that, people, deeply influenced by the water margin, threw themselves at each other with Song Jiang and the water margin, just as people often regard the Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the annals of the Three Kingdoms. Who wants to point out that Song Jiang has nothing to do with water margin and seems to lack common sense?

Where is the position of Water Margin in people's minds? This is a social problem. This should start with a historical fact. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was an official named Cao, a native of Fuping, Shaanxi Province, who was "honest and honest in politics" and "smooth in politics" and talked about an honest official. Even at that time, were Song Jiang and others Liangshan heroes? Where is the Water Margin? There are also objections. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Cao Jiang was transferred to Shouzhang. At the beginning of his tenure, he made a field trip to Liangshan Geography and wrote a book "Crossing Liangshan". Just like when we first boarded Liangshan, Cao Yuke's previous understanding of Liangshan also came from the Water Margin. However, Cao is very insightful in handling affairs. He has doubts about the plot of Water Margin: "Reading Shi Naian's novels, I suspect that there were only a few hundred soldiers fighting at that time. Although the Song Dynasty is weak, it cannot be compared with the power of the world. " He thinks that the description of "the thief is powerful and the enemy is unattainable" by Song Jiang and others in Water Margin should be that "the author mocked the loss of government in the Song Dynasty" and deliberately exaggerated it. "Everything is necessary." As for the sporadic records of Song Jiang in the history books, he thinks that the reason why Song Jiang and others became a menace to the imperial court may be because of the special "geographical position" of Water Margin. He imagined that Liangshan "will be steep and steep, too steep for Mengmen Jiange, which is the danger of the world." If the younger generation follows it, it will be a hero. " However, when I boarded Liangshan, the situation in front of me was a big surprise-"Looking at its mountain, it is a hill, and Kubinashi is sharp." There are two or three hills outside, which are also broken and not connected. Villages are dense and geographically staggered. People who live in orange juice can't get a stream and a spring, but there is no one to rely on ... "

He may not be at ease with this cursory investigation, so he went deep into the masses to understand the truth, thus deepening his perceptual knowledge. First, the geography of Liangshan is "not in the mountains but in the water." Second, the local elders are familiar with Liangshan's past, but they "combine with the water margin". Cao doesn't fully believe the statement, but "have you heard it?" A bystander's comment caught his attention: "Dao Jun (Song Huizong) used followers of Zhu Cuo and Gao Qiu, but if he was afraid, if every generation joined his party, he would abandon his talents. The moral poetry book Confucianism hides the spring stone, and the fat dolphin is strong and resolute, restless and poor, and it is extremely exposed by heavy punishment. " He seems to be analyzing the social causes of the unrest in the late Song Dynasty, that is, "officials forced the people to revolt". Then, he revealed some laws of social unrest: "Liangshan's berth is not in Bird Path, but in Weique Pavilion." This statement is very close to Jin Shengtan's point of view-"top-down chaos." Therefore, "after the handle is used, there is no land in the Pingchuan wilderness." In his view, the water margin is just a symbol, a symbol. As long as the society deteriorates to a certain extent, it is not necessarily the danger of Huashan and the hero of Taishan. Yuan Ye in Pingchuan can be called Water Margin anywhere. In today's words, there are rebels everywhere and revolutionary kindling everywhere. As Huang Shangu (Tingjian) pointed out: "The reality of danger is related to people's hearts, not to mountains and rivers." Really inspiring and penetrating! "Water Margin" is not in the mountains and rivers, but in people's hearts. What a shocking historical revelation this is. Cao Keyu is not a confused official, and he deeply agrees with this. "I'm talking because the topic is on the wall." (Qing Kangxi's "Yi Wen Zhi" Volume 8 "Shouzhang County Zhi")