Why a black cat is not a cat (from a philosophical point of view, not a joke)

Similar to a white horse but not a horse. : ① The name "horse" refers only to shape but not color; the name "white horse" refers to both shape and color. However, the lack of color of "horse" does not deny that horses have color, but only emphasizes that "horse" does not have a definite color. It actually includes various colors. The destiny color of "White Horse" is specifically chosen from its definite white color, which does not include yellow, black and other non-white colors. From a logical analysis, although "white horse" and "horse" have the uniqueness of horse shape, they also have the difference between "includes all colors" and "only refers to white". This differentiates "white horse" and "horse" from the connotation. "Horse" is a two-species concept.

② "If you ask for a horse, you can get a yellow or black horse; if you ask for a white horse, you can't get a yellow or black horse." That is to say, both yellow horses and black horses can be labeled as horses, but they cannot be labeled as white horses. Therefore, asking for a horse and asking for a white horse cannot be equated. That is, "horse" includes yellow and black horses, while "white horse" does not include yellow and black horses, thus revealing the difference between the two concepts of "white horse" and "horse" in extension. Gongsun Long also pointed out in "White Horse Theory" that "horses have inherent colors, so there are white horses." This clearly confirms that horses include white horses. This shows that Gongsun Long recognized the common sense proposition that "white horse is (included in) horse" based on the species relationship of the species, and determined that the difference between "white horse" and "horse" is not a relationship of exclusion and dissimilarity, but a relationship of exclusion and dissimilarity. The relationship between species concept and genus concept.

③ According to Gongsun Long's analysis, "fei" in the proposition "a white horse is not a horse" is only interpreted as "different" and "not identical", but not "totally different" and "does not include". In "solution." "Jifu Pian" also clearly pointed out that Gongsun Long's "white horse is not a horse" means "a white horse is different from the so-called horse". Therefore, the proposition "a white horse is not a horse" also clearly reveals the dialectical relationship between the general and the individual. However, some scholars believe that "fei" only means "does not belong to" or "is completely different from". "White horse is not a horse" means that "white horse does not belong to (is completely different from or does not include) horse", so it is a separate individual and General sophistical propositions.