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As one of the four classical novels, Water Margin does have many immortal features. Many experts have talked a lot in the previous paragraph. Then, in addition to its immortality, it still has some decadent places, and some long-standing popular concepts need to be further clarified, otherwise we may misread or mislead.

The first question I want to talk about is robbing the rich to help the poor. Robbing the rich and helping the poor has always been regarded as a heroic act in China, and it is the just demand of the working people beyond reproach. So when we were in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, was it progressive to rob the rich and help the poor? Should money be robbed? Who has the right to rob the rich? Did the robbed rich really help the poor? These problems deserve our consideration, especially our modern people's serious reflection.

Robbing the rich and helping the poor is almost the main way for all Liangshan heroes to make money before going to Liangshan. So was this way a progressive behavior at that time? This is the central issue we should consider. I'm afraid friends who have read the outline of outwit will never forget it. This story is really wonderful and full of wisdom. It has been used as a middle school textbook for a long time. The "class" of Birthday refers to a large number of things, such as Birthday and Flower Stone. What about the birth class? Its value is hundreds of thousands. What do you mean, off? Wearing is to string together a thousand copper coins with a square hole in the middle with hemp rope, which is called consistency. Then it was called consistency in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, and it was customarily called hanging after Ming and Qing Dynasties. But some places in the north are also called Guan, and they have always been cranes. So what is the concept of 100,000 wealth? How much is it generally worth? Who has been carrying a silver or two? Before Song and Yuan Dynasties, copper coins were the main form of currency circulation in China. It was after the end of the Ming Dynasty that more and more money was used. However, in daily life, money is still used, and silver is only used in transactions with a relatively large amount, or in trading, so this copper coin is the basic monetary unit.

We are used to saying that this man has money. He is rich and so is his family. It is conceivable that this wealth is a huge wealth, not to mention a hundred wealth. So what kind of people were rich and powerful in the past? He must first have a big house, a big enterprise, or a large piece of land. There must be a large number of servants at home, and of course there must be a lot of cash in hand. This is much more than the current1000000. During the Qianlong period, you could buy a big house for six or seven hundred taels of silver. So who is more consistent than this silver? One or two pieces of silver, or better than ordinary people's daily life, can play much role? We can see from several figures that Song Wu wanted to find a witness for revenge in Water Margin, but he didn't find Brother Yun. Brother Yun thought I was a witness, so he was detained by the government and couldn't afford to support his father. Song Wu gave him five taels of silver, that is, ten penetration. Brother Yun thought, well, for five taels of silver, I'll let my father live for three to five months. It is conceivable that a penny or two more can make this poor family live for a month. Let me make a rough calculation. I'm afraid this hundred thousand dollars is equivalent to ten million.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the government minted new copper coins every year. Because of the development of business, it adds some new currencies every year. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the newly minted money was 6 million yuan. You can imagine what a big number this100000 is. Then, this family planning program with great wealth must be the people's cream from Liang Zhongshu Sougua, and it is indeed ill-gotten wealth. So what happened to this ill-gotten wealth? Did you really rob the rich and help the poor? No, they didn't help the poor. They divided it up. Bai Sheng is like this. Bai Sheng got his share and went back. He went back to gambling. As a result, the government dug up a bag of gold and silver from his home and solved the case. Classical and others were forced to go to Liangshan. Then friends may have noticed that after the classical period of Liangshan heroes, Lin Chonghuo and Wang Lun merged. Chao Gai "took out the golden ball treasure of the birth class and the gold and silver property that lived in his own village, and publicly rewarded the little leader and many people who wanted to be." Judging from these words, it seems that the closed family planning program has also helped the poor and rewarded those who are dreaming and small leaders. But it didn't say numbers or proportions. Then we can find some rules from a robbery shortly after Chao Gai went up the mountain. This is twenty times. This time, a * * * robbed more than 20 cars of gold and silver, but didn't say how much it was worth. For the sake of illustration, let's assume that these 20-odd cars are worth 10,000 yuan. Let's take a look at how classicism is handled. He ordered the property to be divided into two parts, half in storage, 50%, equivalent to 5000 penetration, and the other half divided into two halves, that is, 25% each, 2500 penetration each. In the 2500 infiltration, 1 1 leaders are eight people, such as Chao Gai, plus Zhu Gui, Lin Chong and others. 1 1 leaders each get one, and the other is all small leaders and followers, with 7800 people sharing equally, so1/kloc.

Author: 857672004-12-221:00 reply to this speech.

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2 ! On Water Margin from the perspective of birth class.

Then we should pay attention to the fact that this allocation of 70 to 1 is the result of Chao Gai going up the mountain, becoming a stockade owner, and leading people who want to be robbed together. And the birth procedure not only has nothing to do with wanting to be a small leader in Liangshan, but also has nothing to do with Zhuang Ding in Zhuangzi. There are eight people in all. Therefore, it is obvious that it is impossible for Chao Gai to give 50% or 25% of the birth program, and it is impossible to give a relatively large proportion to reward these small leaders and dreamers in Liangshan. Therefore, the result of outwitting the birth class is that eight people, including Classical, get rich first. So is the treatment of the reproductive class universal? This is a problem that needs further discussion. Is it an individual phenomenon, or is it a universal phenomenon that Liangshan heroes go up the mountain after going up the mountain?

Let's look at another example, the fifth time. Tiger killer Jong Li and bully Zhou Tong once did this. At that time, they robbed down the mountain, killed seven or eight merchants and robbed the property of two cars. That will not only make money, but also kill people. According to Zhou Tong's suggestion, the spoils were divided into three parts, one for him and the other for Jong Li, which meant that each of them was 33.33%. Wannabe's 500 or 700 small leaders are equally divided, and they divide the remaining third. That is to say, the per capita income of Zhou Tong and Jong Li is 500 to 700 times that of other small leader admirers. So on the whole, classicism is a better person. At least he won't let his little leader admirers kill passers-by He's just robbing. Zhou Tong and Jong Li robbed their homes, became rich overnight, killed businessmen and became heroes of the peasant revolution. It is really fame and fortune.

It should be pointed out that during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties when the Water Margin was written, the commodity economy was constantly developing. We know that by the end of the Song Dynasty, the commodity economy had developed considerably. Let's think about how many shops there are in Happy Forest. Happy Forest is just a town, and this behavior of killing passers-by and robbing houses is not conducive to the development of commodity economy and social progress, and it is a backward behavior. From the above example, we can generally be sure. All the actions of these Liangshan heroes in robbing passers-by merchants and houses, or other outlaws on the hills, are basically the same as those of Classical and Zhou Tong Jong Li.

Fourteen times, before outwitting the birth class. Liu Tang once said that he said ill-gotten gains should not be hindered. What does it matter if you take it away? So what's the problem? Is it guilty or not guilty? This is what we need to think about. In the fifteenth chapter, Wu Yong told the three Ruan brothers that they would be happy all their lives with this ill-gotten wealth, and this was their goal. We know that robbing the rich to help the poor is actually an act of redistribution of property, but the result of robbing the rich has not helped the poor. Therefore, the original ill-gotten wealth is still ill-gotten wealth, and the nature of the property has not changed. But it was transferred by some predators, such as Liang Zhongshu, to other predators. Of course, we can't expect too much from the citizens, storytellers and listeners in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. We can't criticize the ancients, whose values and aesthetics were like that at that time. But we modern people must have a sense of right and wrong. Otherwise, sneaking around as a corrupt official is not only innocent, but also a feat of becoming a Liangshan hero, which should be praised and rewarded. Isn't that a joke?

Taking the plundered wealth as your own, or most of it as your own, is an important reason why the ancient peasant movement in China was vigorous but failed repeatedly. We can think about it. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom set out from Jintian Village, Guangxi, and captured Jiangsu and Zhejiang in just over a year. But why did it go downhill so quickly? And ten years later, it was the result of such a fiasco. A very, very important reason is that the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom only want to enjoy "wealth" for themselves, regardless of the lives of brothers, especially farmers. This is my first question, robbing the rich to help the poor.

The second question is Liangshan heroes. We always call the 108 leader in Liangshan Park a Liangshan hero, or a 108 general, or a 108 hero. So these 108 leaders are all heroes? Are there any bad guys? Yes, not only there are, but also many. Let's dissect some cases. For example, among eight people, at least Bai Sheng is not a hero. After he got the treasure, he went gambling again. As a result, he was caught, arrested, imprisoned and confessed everything under torture. Even if Bai Sheng gave up his brothers according to the old moral standards, he is not a hero, which is one of them. Just now we talked about bullies Zhou Tong and Jong Li, who are obviously not heroes. Bully Zhou Tong also robbed civilians.

Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most popular passage in Water Margin, which is very wonderful. Jiang Menshen, relying on his official position, committed many evils and monopolized one party. He's a real bully. He deserves to be beaten. But we often overlook that kindness is no different from Jiang Menshen, and may even be worse than Jiang Menshen. Happy Forest is a big market town at the junction of Shandong and Hebei. According to the novel, there are hundreds of hotels, twenty or thirty casinos and exchanges in that place. When Jin Yanbiao kindly introduced this matter to Song Wu, he told me that this place belongs to me and I rely on my personal skills. What do you mean by personal skills? Because he knows martial arts and can hit people, I will hit you if you don't pay. First, use your personal skills. The second most powerful point is that he relies on 80 or 90 prisoners who gave up their lives. Because Shien's father is the warden of the prison, he is equivalent to the director of the reform-through-labour farm. There are eighty or ninety fugitives who have opened a wine and meat shop in Happy Forest. Attention, everyone, it doesn't mean that Happy Forest's wine and meat shop has 80 or 90 employees. This wine and meat shop is mercy's base camp there. Some of these 80 or 90 fugitives are in the wine and meat shop, and the other part is distributed to the shop. Renren said, what do you want those hundreds of stores and twenty or thirty casinos to do against the square? Collecting protection money, in today's words, Renren is the boss of the underworld. We all use merciful words to say that anyone who comes here to be a prostitute must come here to see me first, and then I will allow her to earn money. So I have three or two hundred taels of spare money every month. What spare money? This is the hard-earned money of small bosses who open small shops, and it is the blood and tears of prostitutes.

Author: 857672004-12-221:00 reply to this speech.

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3 ! On Water Margin from the perspective of birth class.

I have an income of three or two hundred taels of spare money. However, Jiang Menshen's background is harder than Ren Ren's, because Jiang Menshen's background is Zhang Dujian. The governor was the highest military official of the state government in the Northern Song Dynasty. Pity's father is of course only a warden, but he can't fight, so pity failed. Therefore, in the struggle between kindness and Jiang Menshen, there is no difference between justice and injustice. He just ate black, and big black ate little black. Then, Mersey defeated Jiang Menshen of Song Wu and regained the Happy Forest. After regaining, kindness will make up for lost wealth. So in the past, the protection fees paid by those stores have increased by 30% to 50%. In the novel, 35 points means 30% to 50%. This is because they have been exploited more seriously, and "all shops and casinos and exchanges, Galici sent extra money kindly." From then on, the title of this chapter is also called "Compassion Overlooking the Happy Forest". The word "overlooking" is well used, and the novel Water Margin can stand reading. Not a return, but a reoccupation. At first, he occupied it, but later, another man occupied it, Jiang Menshen, and now he has occupied it again.

So I think "Liangshan hero" is a conventional title. As for whether everyone can be regarded as a hero, it is necessary to make a concrete analysis. Therefore, it is inaccurate and unscientific to call Liangshan hero "108 hero". I think it is more appropriate to call it "108 Chief" or "Liangshan 108 General".

Next question. Happy. Liangshan loves to say the word "happiness". Liu Tang and SanRuan both said that they had taken ill-gotten gains. We are happy. Li Kui jy always said this was fun, and everyone said it was fun. These leaders in Liangshan need to make some concrete analysis of their happiness. Many, such as robbing passers-by, robbing the rich to help the poor and so on. I only care about my own happiness and my friends in the Jianghu, but I don't really care about the happiness of the people's work. So in this process, some directly hurt others, including passers-by; Have a plenty of indirect harm, such as birth class, because Liang Zhongshu plundered a lot of people's rights and interests, and he directly hurt the working people. But this wealth did not return to the people, but fell into the hands of classical people and others. So they seized the birth plan of100000, which is actually an indirect harm to the people. What's more, this kind of injury sometimes turns into indiscriminate killing, which is quite serious in Water Margin.

What is the seriousness of the problem? But the author of the novel writes with an appreciative attitude, and we can see it almost everywhere, or writes some bloody and cruel details with a very cold eye and style. For example, in Zhang Qing, a vegetable garden, next to a pork bun shop, and inside a slaughterhouse, there are several human skins hanging on the wall and five or seven legs hanging on the beams, which is shocking to watch. We can see the indifference of some citizens, storytellers and novelists at that time.

Forty times, when Li Kui jy robbed the hospital in Jiangzhou, he swung two axes and hacked blindly. He only cuts people, regardless of officials and people, killing corpses everywhere, and the blood is flowing. All the people who were hit by the river were cut down by him. Classical call, don't do the things of ordinary people, don't just hurt ordinary people, the book says, where Li Kui jy listened to the call, an axe to cut down. So he said, "How about we fight? Brother Classical became a great emperor, and brother Sung Jiang became a little emperor. We all became generals, killed Tokyo and took the seat of a bird, where we were very happy. " . Therefore, if such a person becomes a general, what he will do to the people should be a big question mark. Many people can't persuade him not to kill. Even classical orders can't stop him.

Give it to me! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

2 ! On Water Margin from the perspective of birth class.

Then we should pay attention to the fact that this allocation of 70 to 1 is the result of Chao Gai going up the mountain, becoming a stockade owner, and leading people who want to be robbed together. And the birth procedure not only has nothing to do with wanting to be a small leader in Liangshan, but also has nothing to do with Zhuang Ding in Zhuangzi. There are eight people in all. Therefore, it is obvious that it is impossible for Chao Gai to give 50% or 25% of the birth program, and it is impossible to give a relatively large proportion to reward these small leaders and dreamers in Liangshan. Therefore, the result of outwitting the birth class is that eight people, including Classical, get rich first. So is the treatment of the reproductive class universal? This is a problem that needs further discussion. Is it an individual phenomenon, or is it a universal phenomenon that Liangshan heroes go up the mountain after going up the mountain?

Let's look at another example, the fifth time. Tiger killer Jong Li and bully Zhou Tong once did this. At that time, they robbed down the mountain, killed seven or eight merchants and robbed the property of two cars. That will not only make money, but also kill people. According to Zhou Tong's suggestion, the spoils were divided into three parts, one for him and the other for Jong Li, which meant that each of them was 33.33%. Wannabe's 500 or 700 small leaders are equally divided, and they divide the remaining third. That is to say, the per capita income of Zhou Tong and Jong Li is 500 to 700 times that of other small leader admirers. So on the whole, classicism is a better person. At least he won't let his little leader admirers kill passers-by He's just robbing. Zhou Tong and Jong Li robbed their homes, became rich overnight, killed businessmen and became heroes of the peasant revolution. It is really fame and fortune.

It should be pointed out that during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties when the Water Margin was written, the commodity economy was constantly developing. We know that by the end of the Song Dynasty, the commodity economy had developed considerably. Let's think about how many shops there are in Happy Forest. Happy Forest is just a town, and this behavior of killing passers-by and robbing houses is not conducive to the development of commodity economy and social progress, and it is a backward behavior. From the above example, we can generally be sure. All the actions of these Liangshan heroes in robbing passers-by merchants and houses, or other outlaws on the hills, are basically the same as those of Classical and Zhou Tong Jong Li.

Fourteen times, before outwitting the birth class. Liu Tang once said that he said ill-gotten gains should not be hindered. What does it matter if you take it away? So what's the problem? Is it guilty or not guilty? This is what we need to think about. In the fifteenth chapter, Wu Yong told the three Ruan brothers that they would be happy all their lives with this ill-gotten wealth, and this was their goal. We know that robbing the rich to help the poor is actually an act of redistribution of property, but the result of robbing the rich has not helped the poor. Therefore, the original ill-gotten wealth is still ill-gotten wealth, and the nature of the property has not changed. But it was transferred by some predators, such as Liang Zhongshu, to other predators. Of course, we can't expect too much from the citizens, storytellers and listeners in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. We can't criticize the ancients, whose values and aesthetics were like that at that time. But we modern people must have a sense of right and wrong. Otherwise, sneaking around as a corrupt official is not only innocent, but also a feat of becoming a Liangshan hero, which should be praised and rewarded. Isn't that a joke?

Taking the plundered wealth as your own, or most of it as your own, is an important reason why the ancient peasant movement in China was vigorous but failed repeatedly. We can think about it. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom set out from Jintian Village, Guangxi, and captured Jiangsu and Zhejiang in just over a year. But why did it go downhill so quickly? And ten years later, it was the result of such a fiasco. A very, very important reason is that the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom only want to enjoy "wealth" for themselves, regardless of the lives of brothers, especially farmers. This is my first question, robbing the rich to help the poor.

The second question is Liangshan heroes. We always call the 108 leader in Liangshan Park a Liangshan hero, or a 108 general, or a 108 hero. So these 108 leaders are all heroes? Are there any bad guys? Yes, not only there are, but also many. Let's dissect some cases. For example, among eight people, at least Bai Sheng is not a hero. After he got the treasure, he went gambling again. As a result, he was caught, arrested, imprisoned and confessed everything under torture. Even if Bai Sheng gave up his brothers according to the old moral standards, he is not a hero, which is one of them. Just now we talked about bullies Zhou Tong and Jong Li, who are obviously not heroes. Bully Zhou Tong also robbed civilians.

Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most popular passage in Water Margin, which is very wonderful. Jiang Menshen, relying on his official position, committed many evils and monopolized one party. He's a real bully. He deserves to be beaten. But we often overlook that kindness is no different from Jiang Menshen, and may even be worse than Jiang Menshen. Happy Forest is a big market town at the junction of Shandong and Hebei. According to the novel, there are hundreds of hotels, twenty or thirty casinos and exchanges in that place. When Jin Yanbiao kindly introduced this matter to Song Wu, he told me that this place belongs to me and I rely on my personal skills. What do you mean by personal skills? Because he knows martial arts and can hit people, I will hit you if you don't pay. First, use your personal skills. The second most powerful point is that he relies on 80 or 90 prisoners who gave up their lives. Because Shien's father is the warden of the prison, he is equivalent to the director of the reform-through-labour farm. There are eighty or ninety fugitives who have opened a wine and meat shop in Happy Forest. Attention, everyone, it doesn't mean that Happy Forest's wine and meat shop has 80 or 90 employees. This wine and meat shop is mercy's base camp there. Some of these 80 or 90 fugitives are in the wine and meat shop, and the other part is distributed to the shop. Renren said, what do you want those hundreds of stores and twenty or thirty casinos to do against the square? Collecting protection money, in today's words, Renren is the boss of the underworld. We all use merciful words to say that anyone who comes here to be a prostitute must come here to see me first, and then I will allow her to earn money. So I have three or two hundred taels of spare money every month. What spare money? This is the hard-earned money of small bosses who open small shops, and it is the blood and tears of prostitutes.