What are the historical stories of Li Bai and Du Fu?

Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), was born in Gongxian county, Henan province.

Because he lived near Shaoling in the south of the city when he was in Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling at night.

Li Bai was born in the first year of Chang 'an (AD 70 1) after the Tang Dance. At the age of 5, he moved to Qinglian Township, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province with his father, so he called himself Qinglian layman.

Two top poets in the Tang Dynasty, a "poet saint" and a "poet immortal", created the most brilliant poetry literature in ancient China.

Two great poets have spent their whole lives traveling through the strange mountains and rivers of the motherland, drawing endless ideological resources and creations from nature.

From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu made two long-term wanderings.

The first time was in Jiangnan. He has been to Jinling and Gusu, crossed Zhejiang, and went boating in Tunxi until he reached the foot of Tianmu Mountain.

In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, he returned to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam and was not admitted.

The following year, he began to roam Qi and Zhao for the second time. In his later years, he recalled the scene at that time: "On the occasion of Qi and Zhao, Qiu Ma was quite wild." During these two wanderings, he saw the beautiful and majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland, absorbed the cultures of Jiangnan and Shandong, broadened his horizons and enriched his knowledge.

In the fourteenth year of Kaiyuan (AD 726), Li Bai "made great efforts to govern, intending to be thousands of miles away." So "go to the countryside with a sword, leave your loved ones and travel far."

On the way, I wrote the famous "Emei Mountain Moon Song": "Emei Mountain is in autumn, and the shadows are flat on the Qiang River.

In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou. After leaving the Three Gorges, Li Bai first roamed the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In the early spring of the sixteenth year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai came to Anlu, Hubei.

Here, he married the granddaughter of Xu Weishi, a former prime minister, and began a life of "ten years of food and clothing".

He once lived in seclusion in Taohuayan, Shoushan and Anlu Baizhao Mountain, and later lived in seclusion in Songshan with Taoist Yuan Danqiu.

In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, he went to Shandong and lived in seclusion in Zhuxi, Zuxu Mountain, interacting with Confucius, Han Zhun and others. At that time, his name was "Zhuxi Liu Yi".

In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu, a poet 1 1 years younger than him in Luoyang, the eastern capital.

Du Fu was "addicted to alcohol, detested evil and rigid." His ambition is to "obey the monarch and then purify the customs." Like Li Bai.

They are like brothers, "drunk in autumn, walking hand in hand."

The following autumn, Du Fu went west to Chang 'an, and Li Bai revisited Jiangdong. They broke up in Yanzhou and never met again.

This is the first and last time they met.

During a period of time together, they traveled around Qilu, visited Taoism to find friends, talked about poetry and papers, and sometimes talked about current affairs. They have established a deep friendship. After they parted, Du Fu wrote many touching poems in memory of Li Bai.

Two contemporary poets, by rights, must have some comments or opinions with each other. Besides, Li Bai and Du Fu know each other, and they are congenial and have a very good relationship. In this way, they should have more comments, praises and criticisms and learn from each other.

But we can see that there are many references to Li Bai in Du Fu's poems, mostly praising the beauty of Li Bai's poems.

But almost none of Li Bai's poems mentioned Du Fu, let alone made any comments on Du Fu's poems.

This is a very strange phenomenon.

For Li Bai, Du Fu first called him "Li Hou Jin Gui Yan." (To Li Bai) Du Fu said, "Living in Du Dong for two years made me tired of being smart." It is because of Li Bai's existence that he is "far away from things".

Later, he said: "There is a saying in Hou Li that is often like a silver pit." ("Living in Seclusion with Li Xun") He also said, "It is better to find a good tree biography and don't forget the corner bow poem." (Li Bai is pregnant in winter).

He pointed out that Shi Li was "fresh and elegant" and praised "Bai Ye's poems are invincible, floating in the air, and his thinking is different." ("Spring Back to Li Bai") This should be regarded as Du Fu's general comment on Shi Li, and it is also an accurate general comment that has great influence on later generations. It can also be said that it is the highest evaluation of Shi Li. Later generations often quote this sentence from Du Fu to explain the mystery of Shili.

It is true that Du Fu is quite complacent about his poems. He once boasted that "he was furious, bent over Lei Jia, short-sighted, and could not see the walls of Cao Liu." ("Strong Travel") once said: "Empower the enemy, poetry looks at the healthy relatives." (Wei Zuocheng's Twenty-two Rhymes) and "Fu or Similar" (Reward the Gentleman's Gift) regard themselves as poets of harmony with Cao Zhi, which shows that he is very conceited about his poems, but he has no "arrogant" attitude.

Li Bai, Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Can, Meng Yunqing and Jie Yuan all gave positive comments and comments.

Above we saw the evaluation of Li Bai and put Shi Li in a very high position.

He commented on Cen Can and said, "Censheng has many new poems, and his sex is also alcoholic." (Send Cen Can No.9) It met Meng Yunqing in the south of the lake, so it took him to Liu Hao's house, and the three of them drank and recited poems. Finally, they lamented that "life can't meet often, and chickens crow like tears in the courtyard." ("Hudong met Meng Yunqing and went back to Liu Hao's house for a banquet and drank because he was drunk." Du fu never looked up to anyone, and the bad habit of "scholars despise each other" did not pollute him.

Although Du Fu has established close and long-lasting friendship with many famous poets, such as Li Bai and Gao Shi, Li and Gao Ergong did not comment on Du Fu's poems, let alone praise them.

But then again, it doesn't mean that Li Bai didn't mention a little Du Fu in his poems. Li Bai expressed his thoughts about Du Fu in Send Du Fu to Dune City. The whole poem is as follows: "What am I doing here? I lay high in Dune City.

There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and autumn sounds ring day and night.

Lu wine is not drunk, so sing a song for nothing.

If you think of a gentleman, you will send him to the south. "Feelings are not too heavy, but there is not a word mentioned in the whole poem.

Li Bai also wrote a poem about Du Fu, that is, "Send Du Fu to the East Shimen in Lujun County". The whole poem goes like this: after a few days of drunkenness, I boarded the pool platform.

When will Shimen Road open again?

Eyes rested on Surabaya, and the sea was bright.

Flying over the eaves and walking on the wall, looking at each other from afar, the cup is in hand.

The whole poem is full of drunkenness, and not a word is about poetry.

It stands to reason that poets should take pleasure in learning from each other, but Li Bai's poems either don't mention Du Fu, and if Du Fu is mentioned, he will never talk to him about writing poems.

This is very strange.

If Li Bai saw Du Fu's high opinion of his poems, he should also show it, not flatter him. At least as a friend, he should also care about each other's poetry creation.

But Li Bai didn't.

Is it a coincidence that some of Li's poems are lost and Du Fu's poems are written in these lost poems?

Did Li Bai always regard Du Fu as a "fair-weather" friend, and only drink when he drinks, feeling that all other troubles are not involved?

Li Baiyou's poem is worth noting, that is, "Give Du Fu a play", "Every rice hill meets Du Fu, and Dai Li is outstanding in one day.

Don't be too thin, but you are always worried that you can't write past poems. "Some people think that this is Li Bai's poem mocking Du Fu. He joked that Du Fu can't write poetry.

However, many scholars have defended Li Bai, saying that this poem is a fake, just like Ren Hua's gift to Du Fu and Shi Li.

Regarding this poem, Hong Mai said: "The so-called ridicule of a rice mountain is also heard by people who are good at it." Qiu said: "Our article is a confidant, and his heart is convinced. There is no such thing, and his poems are vulgar. It is also fake at first glance. " A few days ago, I saw a paper about the poets of the Kuyin School in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The author thinks that, in fact, since the middle Tang Dynasty, poets have had the habit of lamenting.

Suffering represents a cautious and serious attitude, and also reflects the aesthetic cultural psychology and aesthetic pursuit of some poets at that time.

The emergence of the Kuyin school has its profound social factors, that is, the implementation of the imperial examination system made it difficult for scholars to find a way out, and the resulting sadness basically became the mood of the whole society at that time.

This situation has basically taken shape since the founding of the Tang Dynasty. The word "bitterness" has a direct expression in some poems of Li Bai, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, and even appeared in Chen Ziang's "hometown of Nanshan, trees reflected in summer, and Philip Burkart was cold and lonely in May".

I think the sentence "I always feel bitter for writing poems in the past" does not mean that Li Bai jokes that Du Fu can't write poems, but that he often struggles to scrutinize the words in some poems and says that he is "too thin", which is also caused by overwork, not because he can't write poems.

I don't think Du Fu can write poetry, or he can't write poetry for a while. That doesn't matter, and it doesn't necessarily lead to some ridicule from Li Bai. I don't think Li Bai is that mean.

Li Bai has always been generous.

He will not be reluctant to give up his praise, and in turn will take the opportunity to ridicule others everywhere.

We can see that Li Bai praised Meng Haoran several times. In the poem "Letter to Meng Haoran", Li Bai praised Meng Haoran beyond measure.

"Master, I cheer you from the heart, and your reputation has risen to the sky.

In the rosy youth, you gave up the importance of hats and chariots and chose pine trees and clouds; Now whitehead.

Drunk moon, sage of dreams, bewitched by flowers, you turned a deaf ear to the emperor.

Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, that's all. It can be said that his appreciation of Meng Haoran is sincere. "Seeing Meng Haoran off in the Spring at the Mountain House", "Seeing Meng Haoran off on the way to Yangzhou at the Yellow Crane Tower" and "Looking back at Wawu Mountain at the North Lake Pavilion in Liyang for a ride (a word for Meng Haoran)".

Li Bai's "Gift to Liu" said that the other party "spits words, but it is still windy and frosty." In "After the Rebellion, Tian En Liu Yelang recalled the past and gave Jiang the prefect. He praised the other party for" seeing the merits of Junjingshan, Jiang Bao can move. "

Like the lotus of water, it has the nature of nature. "And in the gift to Zhong Zhuogong of Lingyuan Temple in Xuanzhou, he said that the other party" has a charming charm and moves the corner of the sea. " .

In addition, Li Bai also wrote many paintings and praises, which shows that Li Bai is not stingy with compliments.

But why does Li Bai only talk about Du Fu's poems, and it is impossible to prove whether it is fame or ruin? I have never understood this, and I dare not jump to conclusions because of my limited knowledge.