What is the historical background of using looms in China?

Loom, also known as spinning machine, loom, cotton spinning machine, etc. , originally shuttleless loom, has been studying shuttleless loom since19th century, and gradually introduced to the international market since 1950s. Since 1970s, many new shuttleless looms have been put into the market. Shuttle-less looms have made remarkable achievements in improving fabrics and improving loom efficiency, which have been widely used in all countries of the world and accelerated the process of weaving equipment transformation. In many developed countries, the share of shuttleless looms has reached about 80%, and there is a general trend to replace shuttleless looms with shuttleless looms. Catalogue of mechanical development looms Types of machine composition Working principle editing This section of mechanical development looms, commonly known as looms. The earliest loom was the sitting loom (also called waist loom). The use method is to step on the warp bar of the loom with your feet, hold the beating-up wooden knife with your right hand to tighten the weft, and make a gesture of throwing the weft thread with your left hand. This kind of waist pedal machine has no frame, one end of the cloth winding shaft is tied to the waist, and both feet step on the warp beam at the other end and tighten the fabric. The warp splitter divides the warp yarn into two layers according to odd and even numbers, and the warp yarn is lifted by the heald lifter to form a shed, and the weft yarn is inserted with a bone needle and beaten with a beating-up knife. The most important achievement of waist weaving is the adoption of heald, beam splitter and beating-up knife of old loom. Although this loom is very simple, it has three actions: opening the shed up and down, inserting the weft yarn left and right, and tightening the weft yarn back and forth. It is the originator of modern looms. In the production practice of weaving, people gradually innovated and successfully created the pedal heald loom. Its image appeared many times on stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty. This kind of oblique loom has a frame, the warp surface is inclined at 50-60 degrees with the horizontal frame, and the shedding device of pedal heald is adopted. Weavers can operate with both hands and feet, and the productivity is generally 10 times higher than that of the original loom. This was the most advanced loom in the world at that time. In the development of textile industry, there are many shuttleless looms, such as rapier loom, projectile loom, air-jet loom, water-jet loom, multiphase loom, magnetic weft insertion loom and so on. Compared with shuttle loom, shuttleless loom has incomparable advantages in output, quality and variety. They have replaced shuttle looms in most weaving fields, and this step has been further accelerated, which has expanded from the textile industry in developed countries to developing countries. Judging from the technical development of international shuttleless loom and the demand of textile industry, air-jet loom has made rapid development in high speed, wide width and serialization. Besides being widely used in cotton textile industry, they are also widely used in yarn-dyed and jacquard fabrics, and rapier looms have advantages in variety adaptability, fabric variety change and wider weaving scope. These two looms have become the two most widely used machines in the textile industry. The development of weaving machinery in China is unbalanced, in which circular knitting machines and warp knitting machines develop rapidly, flat knitting machines and hosiery machines develop relatively slowly, and crochet machines develop rapidly. There are many kinds of basic products of domestic circular knitting machines, including single-sided circular knitting machines, double-sided circular knitting machines, rib knitting machines and artificial fur machines. Single-side circular knitting machine has four needles, terry (positive package and reverse package), weft insertion, multifunctional single-side machine and so on. The diameter of the tube has developed from 30 inches in the past to 38 ~ 40 inches, and the machine number has also developed from E28 with fine needle pitch to E32 ~ E36. Double-sided circular knitting machines include cotton-wool knitting machines, double-sided knitting machines with two tops and four bottoms, jacquard double-sided knitting machines, etc. Ribbed rapier loom has its own series, and cotton wool loom and rib loom can realize mutual conversion; Electronic jacquard circular knitting machine has made a breakthrough, filling the domestic gap; There are two kinds of artificial fur machines: top feeding type and ring cutting type. Computer jacquard artificial fur machines have been mass-produced and supplied. According to the weft insertion method of weaving, it can be divided into shuttle loom and shuttleless loom. Shuttle loom is a kind of loom that uses traditional shuttle (wooden shuttle or plastic shuttle) for weft insertion. The space shuttle is large, heavy and repeatedly launched. The machine has big vibration, loud noise, slow speed and low efficiency. There are many kinds of weft insertion methods for shuttleless looms, such as rapier weft insertion, air jet (air jet, water jet), projectile weft insertion, multi-shed weft insertion (multi-phase) weft insertion and weaving weft insertion. A rigid or flexible rapier head and rapier belt used for gripping and guiding weft yarns on a rapier loom. In addition to weaving plain and textured fabrics, rapier looms are characterized by convenient color change, and are suitable for multi-color weft fabrics, yarn-dyed, double-layer pile fabrics, terry fabrics and decorative fabrics. Air-jet loom Air-jet loom uses compressed air to jet and draw the weft yarn and guide it through the shed. The biggest feature of air-jet loom is its high speed and high labor productivity, which is suitable for producing plain and textured fabrics, fine and extra-high density fabrics and large quantities of fabrics. Water-jet loom Water-jet loom uses water as weft insertion medium, and the water jet produces frictional traction on the weft, so that the weft on the fixed bobbin is introduced into the shed. Water jet loom has the characteristics of high speed and high unit output, and is mainly suitable for producing hydrophobic filament chemical fiber fabrics with smooth surface. The projectile loom grips the weft yarn with a small gripper loom and projects the weft insertion. The projectile loom has stable weft insertion, excellent fabric quality and few weft loops, and is suitable for the production of multi-color weft fabrics, thin and thick fabrics and wide fabrics. Edit the loom composition 1 and shedding mechanism in this paragraph: according to the fabric weave, separate the warp yarns up and down to form a shed for weft insertion. 2. Weft insertion mechanism: Weft is introduced into the shed. 3. Beating-up mechanism: Weft introduced into the shed is pushed to the weaving shed to form fabric. 4. Reeling mechanism: guide the woven fabric away from the fabric forming area and roll it into a certain package. 5. Let-off mechanism: according to the requirements of interweaving, supply warp yarns and make them have a certain tension. 6. Frame, starting, braking and transmission mechanism. 7. Protection device: to prevent weaving defects and safe operation. 8. Automatic weft filling device: automatically fill the weft after it is used up. 9. Multicolor weft feeder: alternately supply different weft yarns for interweaving without stopping. Through the introduction of foreign advanced technology and independent development, in addition to ordinary looms, there are also high-speed looms with a maximum speed of 2000 rpm, equipped with P (terry) device, E (elastic yarn) device or EP device for users to choose from, and double-sided terry warp knitting machines. Raschel warp knitting machine has many products, such as multi-bar, jacquard, double needle bed and net warp knitting machine. Two-needle bed raschel warp knitting machines have plush type (can weave 16 ~ 30 mm double-layer fabric) and short plush type (can weave 4 ~ 25 mm double-layer fabric), and the stand can reach1/kloc-0 ~ 60. Velvet double needle bed warp knitting machine is used for knitting vertical velvet, velveteen, velveteen and spacer fabrics (without splitting). The frame is 84 ~ 136 inch, the machine number is E20~E24, and the highest knitting speed is 800 lines/minute. Loom patterns can be changed repeatedly and rapidly, with frames of 150 and 168 inches, machine numbers of E 14 and E 18, and the highest knitting speed is 250 lines/minute. In addition to the high-speed warping machine controlled by computer, the sectional warping machine matched with the warp knitting machine has also developed a high-speed warping machine monitored by computer in real time, and the special warping machine for crochet machine has also been successfully developed. The manual flat knitting machine in flat knitting machine has independently developed into a flat knitting machine, which can produce various forming structures and three-dimensional once-formed fabrics. Fully automatic knitting machine has been controlled by microcomputer, and computer automatic flat knitting machine and computer automatic glove machine have been popularized. The computerized flat knitting machine can reach 60 inches. Editing the working principle of this paragraph The basic feature of shuttleless loom is to separate the weft package from the shuttle, or to replace the large and heavy shuttle with a small and light weft insertion device, which provides favorable conditions for high-speed weft insertion. In the supply of weft, the package is directly used and enters the weft insertion mechanism through the weft storage device, which makes the loom get rid of frequent weft insertion actions. Using shuttleless loom is of great significance to increase fabric varieties, adjust fabric structure, reduce fabric defects, improve fabric quality, reduce noise and improve working conditions. Shuttle looms are high in speed, usually 4-8 times more efficient than shuttle looms, so the popularization and application of shuttleless looms in a large area can greatly improve labor productivity. With the structure of shuttleless loom becoming more and more perfect, the range of materials used is getting wider and wider, and the processing accuracy is getting higher and higher. In addition, with the development of world science and technology, electronic technology and microelectronic control technology gradually replace mechanical technology. The manufacturing of shuttleless loom is a high-tech product that combines metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical industry and fluid power, and integrates electronic technology, computer technology, precision machinery technology and textile technology. Air-jet loom detects the total tension of warp yarn through tension sensor, and CPU controls the change of warp yarn tension caused by the change of opening, let-off, let-off and winding diameter of warp beam, thus ensuring the let-off accuracy and keeping the warp yarn at a constant tension. Because the air-jet loom uses microcomputer technology and other electronic technologies to control the movement of the whole machine, especially the automatic monitoring of product quality, the production efficiency of the air-jet loom is greatly improved. But at the same time, the requirements of air-jet loom for electronic control system are getting higher and higher. It not only has high performance, good stability, convenient maintenance and low failure rate, but also can adapt to high temperature, high humidity, hairy and dusty environment, and also has strong anti-interference requirements for power supply fluctuation and group machine interference. The development of weaving machinery products has the following characteristics: 1. Computer control technology and electronic jacquard technology have been widely used in all kinds of knitting machinery products, such as circular loom, flat knitting machine, hosiery machine, artificial fur machine and warp knitting machine, etc., which have filled the gap in this field in China for many years, realized electronic jacquard, improved the technical level of machines, and made some models reach the international advanced level in the 1990 s. The computer control system of circular knitting machine, hosiery machine and flat knitting machine in China has been adopted by the main engine in batches. 2. The specifications of this series of products have been relatively complete, and are developing towards both ends. For example, the maximum diameter of circular knitting machine can reach 38 or 40 inches, the machine number can reach E36, the frame of warp knitting machine can reach 180 inches, the machine number can reach E32, the maximum specification of computerized flat knitting machine can reach 60 inches, and the machine number can reach E 18. 3. Enhance the versatility and versatility of the machine. For example, on a single-side circular knitting machine, four needles, terry and weft insertion single-side machines can be converted to each other, and one machine can be used for multiple purposes; Within a certain range, syringes with different specifications of the same machine can be used interchangeably, so that one machine can be used with multiple specifications; Mechanical jacquard and electronic jacquard can be converted and so on.