Fire safety knowledge bulletin board information

Anyone's negligence may cause a fire, and the fire control work needs everyone's participation. Improve the public's awareness of fire safety, so that the public can master the minimum knowledge of fire science, so as to learn to save themselves and reduce injuries in case of fire. I compiled the information on the fire safety knowledge bulletin board for your reference.

First, the basic knowledge of combustion:

Combustion, commonly known as fire, refers to the chemical reaction of combustible substances with oxygen or oxidant to release heat, usually accompanied by flame and smoke. A disaster caused by burning out of control in time or space is called a fire.

When any substance burns, there is a process from an unburned state to a burned state. There are three necessary conditions in this process, namely, combustible, combustion-supporting substance and ignition source, which must interact with each other.

1. Combustible: Any substance that can chemically react with oxygen or other oxidants in the air is called combustible.

2. Combustion-supporting material: Any substance that can help and support the combustion of combustible materials, that is, any substance that can undergo oxidation reaction with combustible materials, is called combustion-supporting material 3. Ignition source: any energy that can make combustible substances and combustion-supporting substances have combustion reaction is called ignition source.

Second, the combustion type and ignition conditions:

1, the types of combustion can be divided into flash, fire, spontaneous combustion, explosion, etc.

2. Fire conditions: there must be fire sources, combustibles and combustion-supporting materials.

3, the basic measures to prevent fire:

Three, fire prevention is to eliminate the conditions of burning.

1, control combustible materials

2, combustion-supporting materials

3, eliminate the ignition source and other measures to destroy the combustion conditions.

In addition to doing a good job in fire prevention from the material and objective environment, it is more important to strengthen people's subjective awareness of fire prevention and disaster prevention. Only by letting people know and pay attention to fire prevention can they consciously abide by various fire prevention rules and regulations, put an end to fire sources and take necessary fire prevention measures. Only in this way can we really eliminate the conditions of fire.

4. What are the types of fires and how to choose fire extinguishers for various fires?

The burning phenomenon that is out of control and causes damage to property and people is called fire. According to the nature of combustion, there are five types of fires, and the fire extinguishers suitable for all kinds of fires are as follows:

Class A refers to solid fire containing carbon. Clear water fire extinguisher, foam extinguisher and ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher (ABC dry powder fire extinguisher) can be selected.

Class B refers to flammable liquid fire. You can choose dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC dry powder fire extinguishers) and carbon monoxide fire extinguishers. Foam extinguisher is only applicable to oil fires, not polar solvent fires.

Class C refers to flammable vapor fire. You can choose dry powder fire extinguisher (ABC dry powder fire extinguisher) and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

ABC dry powder fire extinguishers are generally located in the above three fire-prone areas, and the number can be determined according to the area. In general dangerous places, one fire extinguisher is calculated for every 75 square meters, and each fire extinguisher weighs 4 kilograms. 4 sets in a group, equipped with an equipment rack. The danger zone or light danger zone can be appropriately increased or decreased.

Class d refers to metal fire. At present, there is no effective fire extinguisher, which is usually sand.

Class e refers to the fire burning with electricity. You can choose dry powder fire extinguisher (ABC dry powder fire extinguisher) and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

Five, the use of all kinds of fire extinguishers:

How to use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher;

When putting out the fire, just lift or carry the fire extinguisher to the fire site. When it is about 5 meters away from the combustible materials, put down the fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin, hold the handle at the root of the horn with one hand, and hold the pressure handle of the switch valve with the other. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without spray hose, the horn should be pulled up 70~90 degrees. When working, you can't directly grasp the outer wall of the horn or the metal connecting pipe to prevent hand frostbite. Fire extinguishing means that when combustible liquid burns in a flowing state, users should spray the jet of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent from near and far to the flame. If flammable liquid burns in the container, the user should raise the horn and spray it into the burning container from the upper part of one side of the container, but the carbon dioxide jet can not directly impact the surface of the flammable liquid, so as to avoid the burning liquid hitting the container, expanding the fire and making it difficult to put out the fire.

When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, if it is used outdoors, it should be sprayed in the upwind direction; If it is used indoors in a narrow space, the operator should leave quickly after fire fighting to prevent suffocation.

Use of ABC dry powder fire extinguisher

In case of body fire, it should be noted that the nozzle cannot be directly aimed at the liquid level, so as to prevent the combustible liquid from overflowing due to the impact of the jet, which will expand the fire and bring difficulties to the fire extinguishing. If the flammable liquid burns in a metal container for a long time, the wall temperature of the container is higher than the self-ignition point of the flammable liquid, and it is easy to re-ignite after fire extinguishing. If you add foam extinguisher and asbestos cloth, this truth is true. When reporting, the unit and detailed location of the fire must be stated, and the object, type and scope of the fire should be stated as far as possible. The alarm is timely and accurate. After receiving the report, the fire department can quickly dispatch the fire truck to the fire site and put out the fire in time according to the nature of the burning substance.

6. What are the basic methods of fire fighting?

We realize that combustion must meet three conditions-combustible substance, combustion-supporting substance and ignition source. As we mentioned before, extinguishing fire means destroying the existing combustion conditions. As long as one burning condition can be eliminated, the fire can be extinguished. According to this basic truth, from the practice of fire fighting, people summed up the following basic methods. As long as we master these basic methods, we can create various concrete and effective fire fighting methods according to the objective and actual situation.

1, isolation method: isolate or remove the burning place or object from the surrounding combustible materials, and the combustion will stop due to lack of combustible materials. In actual use, such as moving flammable, combustible and combustion-supporting articles near the fire source, moving the burning articles to a safe place; Close the valves of power supply, combustible gas and liquid pipelines to prevent and reduce combustible substances from entering the combustion zone; Demolition of flammable buildings near the burning fire, etc.

2. Asphyxiation method: prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone or dilute the air with non-combustible substances, so that the combustion products can not get enough oxygen and go out. In practical use, such as using asbestos blanket, wet sack, wet quilt, wet towel quilt, yellow sand, foam and other incombustible or nonflammable substances to cover the combustible materials; Equipment for fil containers with inert gas such as steam or carbon dioxide; It is best to close the doors, windows and holes of burning buildings and equipment.

3. Cooling method: Spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the combustible to reduce the temperature of the combustible. When the temperature of combustion products drops below its ignition point, combustion stops. Or spray the fire extinguishing agent on the combustible near the fire source to reduce its temperature and prevent it from catching fire due to the influence of radiant heat. Cooling method is the main method of fire fighting, which mainly uses water and carbon dioxide to cool down.

4. Suppression method: This method uses a chemical fire extinguishing agent containing fluorine and bromine (12 1 1) to spray flame, so that the fire extinguishing agent participates in the combustion reaction, and the reaction of free radical chain (commonly known as "combustion chain") is interrupted to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.

In actual operation, one or more of the above methods can be combined according to the actual situation to achieve the purpose of rapid fire extinguishing.

Seven, how to participate in fire fighting?

"Fire is the command, and fire is the battlefield". In all previous fires, there were many advanced deeds and heroes who tried their best to protect state property and people's lives. But the fire scene is often a place with many people and complicated scenes. To put out a fire quickly, it is necessary to have unified command and coordination in order to put out the fire in a planned, step-by-step and effective way. What should we do?

1, "All actions are at your command". In order to effectively put out the fire, a command organization is generally set up at the fire site. When a fire breaks out in a factory, many employees are often active participants in the fire fighting. Consciously obeying the command of the command organization in a fire is the key to orderly extinguishing. Under the unified leadership of the fire command organization, employees and professional teams involved in fire fighting generally have to form four teams to fight together: one is the fire brigade, which cooperates with the public security fire brigade to put out the fire; One is the fighting team of rescuers and materials, which mainly assists the public security fire brigade to rescue workers and evacuate main materials; One is a combat team that keeps fire and maintains order; One is the logistics team, which is responsible for rescuing the wounded and supplying materials, equipment and tea needed for the battle. Fire fighting is extremely tense, so we should do all the work assigned, be proactive and do the work well.

2, to be vigilant, abide by the fire order, to prevent the bad guys take advantage of the fish in troubled waters, theft of property, sabotage.

3, when the fire, pay attention to safety, to avoid unnecessary casualties. Fireplaces are generally more complicated, and the more complicated the fire, the more orderly it is. We should not only carry forward the spirit of not being afraid of suffering and death, but also dare to fight, avoid unnecessary sacrifices, pay attention to scientific methods and be good at fighting. We must attack and retreat, not act blindly. There are a lot of people in the fire, and the flow is frequent, and people's minds are in a state of tension; A lot of instruments, often moving; There are many sundries and poor channels; People and things often collide with each other. Some fires are electrified and even have dangerous goods. Many safety problems are difficult for leaders and others to take care of, and they mainly rely on their own courage, wisdom and caution to ensure their own safety.

Eight. What if there is a fire?

First, you can't run on the spot. A student in a university accidentally knocked over the burning alcohol lamp when he was doing an experiment. Alcohol spilled all over his clothes, and he arrived there, where he suddenly caught fire. Due to the sudden arrival. She and some students present panicked and shouted in unison, "Run! Run! " As a result, the fire grew stronger and stronger. Later, the experienced teacher ordered the students on fire to "get out". After tumbling on the spot, the female classmate quickly put out the fire with the help of her classmates. But because there is "running" in front, the burn is still not light.

Second, if conditions permit, you can quickly tear off the burning clothes, pour them into the water, step on them, or put them out with a fire extinguisher and water.

Third, if there are rivers, ponds and pools nearby, you can quickly jump into shallow water, but if the human body is burned too heavily or too deeply, you can't dive to prevent bacterial infection or other accidents.

Fourth, if there are more than two people present, people who are not on fire need to be calm and calm, and immediately cover, jump and beat people's fire with sacks, clothes, brooms, etc. Or help him tear off his clothes, or wrap the people on fire with wet sacks and blankets.

Fifth, douse it with water. However, it should be noted that it is not advisable to spray directly on the human body with a fire extinguisher.

9. The stairs are on fire. How can people upstairs escape?

There are many high-rise buildings in modern factories, almost all of which are together, and the items stored in the factories are also more complicated. If there is a fire in these places where we work and live, we may panic because we are unprepared. When I found that the stairs were full of smoke or raging fires, I was more anxious and didn't know what to do.

In the face of this fire, we must have the courage to overwhelm it, the spirit of being fearless in times of crisis, and the courage to overcome it. Of course, the first thing is to calm your mind, keep a clear head, try to put out the fire on the spot, and try your best to put it out. For example, list who uses water or uses fire extinguishers and fire fighting facilities in buildings. Cover with a wet quilt and so on. If the fire cannot be put out immediately, people are in danger of being surrounded by flames. At this time, we should avoid unnecessary sacrifices and try to escape from the roof or balcony. Whether you can walk through the wall and walk away; Whether you can go out from the window; Can you borrow sewer pipes and bamboo poles to slide down? Whether it's rope, belt, etc. Can be used to slide down; Can you jump down step by step and so on. As long as you think about it more, it is generally reversible.

Such as children, the elderly and the sick. Trapped upstairs by the fire, they should be rescued in time. If you tie it with quilts, blankets, cotton-padded jackets, etc. If there is a rope, use it. If there is no rope, tie it up with torn sheets and throw it down, or throw it on the balcony and roof of the neighbor's house so as to escape as soon as possible.

Calling for help is also extremely important. People trapped by the fire. There is no way out, and people around you will try to rescue them when they hear the cry for help.

X. Procedures for handling fire risks:

1. Cut off the power supply and call the police at the first time to save people and evacuate people and materials.

2. Alarming is not only to call "1 19 fire alarm telephone", but also to ring the alarm bell to inform other personnel and assemble a voluntary fire brigade to quickly and timely organize fire fighting and evacuate personnel and materials.

3 should explain the location, nature and size of the fire, and explain the nearby landmark buildings. At the same time, arrange relevant personnel to meet the fire truck at the nearby intersection, so as to open a passage for the fire truck so that the fire brigade can arrive at the fire scene in time and accurately. When a building is on fire, smoke often spreads to the stairway, and people upstairs are prone to have the illusion that the stairs have been burned out and there is no way out. In fact, they are not burning. You can try to cover your face and make way. If you are suffocating, you can cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, get close to the floor or simply squat down and walk. Even if the stairs are sealed by flames and there is no way out, you can use wet quilts and other things as a cover to rush out quickly and early.

If the stairs are really damaged by fire, you should also think calmly and see if there are other stairs to go; Whether it's a game.

XI。 Mandatory fire brigade

One is the alarm team and the other is the fire brigade, which cooperates with the public security fire brigade to put out the fire; One is the fighting team of rescuers and materials, which mainly assists the public security fire brigade in rescuing people and evacuating materials; One is a combat team that keeps fire and maintains order; One is the logistics team, which is responsible for rescuing the wounded and supplying combat materials, equipment and tea. The commander of the fire scene is extremely nervous when fighting, so he should do all the work assigned, be proactive and do it well.