Who created the forty-eight phonetic symbols in English?

Who created the forty-eight phonetic symbols in English? What was the original phonetic symbol like? Ladies and gentlemen, this question is very professional. Bian Xiao, I checked the information specially. There are two kinds of phonetic symbols found, and the international phonetic symbol is the most famous one at present. It is designed to mark the pronunciation of various international languages. Many linguists modify the international phonetic symbols locally to mark their own languages, so there are many international phonetic symbols. It was formulated by linguists of the International Phonetic Association in 1888. Forty-eight phonetic symbols in English belong to the British phonetic symbols, which were developed by the British phonetician daniel jones. The international phonetic symbol of British pronunciation is represented by his initials DJ.

So, what did the original phonetic symbols look like? Let me show you:

Long vowel: baia:? : ? :I:u:；

Short vowel:? That is to say?

Diphthongs: Eh? I-I ... ε? u u au

Clear consonants: p t k f θ s? h ts t？ tr

Voiced consonants: b d g v? z？ r dz d？ dr；

Nasal sound: m n?

Semi-vowel: w j；; ; DuDu here: cheep.

Pronunciation method:

/i:/ The tongue touches the lower teeth, and the lips are flat and smile, making a long sound of "one". It is the pronunciation of the letters ea, ee, ey, ie or ei in words. This sound is a long vowel, so it must be pronounced completely.

/? /The tongue touches the lower teeth, the lips are flat and separated, and the gums are close to the whole tongue, making a short "one" sound. It is the pronunciation of the letter I or Y in a word. Make it short and light.

/? /The lips are flat, the front of the tongue is slightly raised, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower gum, the gum is opened, the soft palate is raised, and the lips are naturally opened. Pronunciation of the letter a in closed syllables or stressed closed syllables.

/e/ The tongue clings to the hard palate, the tip of the tongue pushes the lower teeth, and the gums are half open and half closed, making a smile. Is the pronunciation of the letter e in the word ea or ea?

/з:/The tongue is raised, the lips are in a natural state, and the mouth is half open and half closed, making a long sound of "E". It is the pronunciation of the letters er, ir, or or ur in a word.

/? /Lift your tongue, your lips are in a natural state, your mouth is half open and half closed, and you pronounce "E". It is the pronunciation of the letters a, o, u, e, or, er, ur in a word.

/ι:/The lips are open but not round, the gums are wide open, the base of the tongue is slightly raised, and the tip of the tongue is tilted back and slightly separated from the lower teeth, making a long sound of "A". It is the pronunciation of the letter er in closed syllables or stressed closed syllables and the pronunciation of the letter a in words ending in ST.

/? /The lips are flat, the gums are half open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower gums, and the back of the tongue is slightly raised. The short "A" sound is the pronunciation of the letter O or U in a word.