What's the effect of Endeavor's successful bottoming on deep-sea exploration?

China's first 10,000-meter manned submersible? Struggler? 165438+1October 10 successfully landed in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, setting a new record for China's manned deep dive of10058m, with a depth of10909m. According to professionals, this move shows the comprehensiveness of China's exploration in the deepest part of the seabed.

165438+1October 10 at 4: 50 a.m. Struggler? 10 was deployed into the sea area of Mariana Trench, reached the depth of 10,000 meters at 7: 42, and entered the seabed for cruising. Bottom-sitting usually refers to the artificial landing of the submersible on the seabed to carry out scientific research and related operations on the seabed in consideration of the speed and attitude of the submersible and the geological conditions on the seabed.

The successful landing of Endeavor in Mariana Trench marks a new step in the field of deep-sea exploration in China, which is of milestone significance.

This also determines that most trenches will appear in the circum-Pacific region with strong plate activity, and trenches with a depth exceeding 1 10,000 meters are located in the Pacific region. Therefore, these areas have naturally become the targets of marine technology powers, among which the challenger abyss of Mariana Trench is the most striking. It is considered as the deepest ocean known to mankind at present, with the characteristics of high water pressure, low temperature, low oxygen content and complete darkness, which brings great difficulties to human diving.

First, we need to understand the challenges, okay? Opponents? , that is, the works of Mariana Trench, the great power of nature. The Mariana Trench is called the Earth's? The fourth pole? The deepest part exceeds 1. 1 10,000 meters. Because it is deep in the seabed, it is impossible to go down without sufficient technical ability, so it is a veritable forbidden area for human beings. By contrast, what about the earth at the top? Roof of the world? Everest is not so arranged. Trench is formed by the reverse movement of the earth plate, which is the result of planetary scale movement.

It is this special and extreme environment that brings many challenges to the key technologies of manned diving:

(1) industrial design capability. Including the overall optimization design, safety assessment and application of manned submersible, as well as the design, construction and evaluation of manned cabin. Specifically, there are optimization design technologies of manned submersible profile, overall layout, manned cabin layout and functional characteristics, safety and reliability design and evaluation technology of various equipment during manned submersible service, human engineering design and evaluation technology of manned submersible, application mode of manned submersible and related system design technology. Design technology of manned cabin made of metal and nonmetal materials, design technology of manned cabin with spherical and cylindrical shapes, construction technology of manned cabin with various materials and shapes, post-construction inspection and safety evaluation technology of manned cabin, etc.

(2) High-energy-density power technology, including design, construction and management technology of oil-filled lithium battery, design, construction and management technology of underwater fuel cell, underwater energy safety assessment technology, underwater energy supplement technology, new energy deep-sea application technology, etc.

(3) Underwater acoustic technology, including the integrated design technology of various acoustic equipment on the submersible, the design of high-speed underwater acoustic communication system on board and the equipment manufacturing technology.

(4) Navigation and positioning technology, including high-precision and high-reliability underwater acoustic positioning technology, continuous high-precision navigation technology in underwater complex environment, underwater operation target search and operation point return technology, etc.

(5) Buoyancy material technology, including design, preparation and molding technology of deep and low density buoyancy materials, testing and safety evaluation technology of buoyancy materials, etc.

(6) Manned submersible safety system technology, including manned submersible safety system design technology, submersible condition detection and safety evaluation technology, reliability design and evaluation technology of various dumping mechanisms, etc.

(7) Manned submersible control technology, including navigation control technology of manned submersible in complex seabed environment, visual comprehensive information display and control technology, manned submersible control simulation technology, etc.

It can be seen that manned deep diving itself has very high requirements for the industry, and it needs to be deeply accumulated in sub-sectors such as material science, communication technology, information science, automation technology and acoustics. These are the embodiment of a country's comprehensive strength. In fact, up to now, China is the only developing country with manned deep diving capability, and the rest are developed countries.

The diving process of manned submersible is similar to that of submarine, and the air cabin is filled with seawater to increase the density for sinking. The floating process is different from that of submarines. In the process of submarine floating, seawater is usually discharged by compressed air. However, due to the small size, weak power equipment and extremely high pressure environment (underwater 10000 meters exceeds 1000 atmospheric pressure), it is difficult to discharge seawater, so ballast iron is abandoned to achieve buoyancy. Deep-sea submersible generally controls the ballast iron through electromagnet, so if the deep-sea submersible loses power and the electromagnet fails, the ballast iron will automatically leave the submersible under the action of gravity and make the submersible float.