How to build a sponge campus

First of all, what is a "sponge campus"?

The construction of sponge campus can not only introduce green infrastructure into the built campus, but also implement the concept of sustainable rain and flood management. In the initial stage of campus construction, on the basis of ensuring the basic functions of campus, the area and cost of rainwater facilities can be greatly reduced and the overall benefit of rainwater system can be improved.

Second, how to build a "sponge campus"?

Sponge campus construction is mostly a renovation project, so it is necessary to determine the design goal of the renovation project in combination with the current campus situation and the local sponge city construction goal.

The "Sponge Campus" project includes new rainwater ditches (roads and squares) and pebble drains, rain garden construction, roof greening renovation, new rain pools, permeable pavement renovation, sponge demonstration technology demonstration system, and campus digital rainwater management monitoring system.

Sponge facilities that can be used in the campus include: biological detention pond, high flower bed, rain garden, grass ditch, permeable pavement, wet pond, vertical greening, green roof, small wetland, reservoir, ecological tree pond, breeding garden and so on.

1, sports area

A linear drainage ditch is set around the sports ground to collect rainwater runoff and transport it to the sponge facility, and then flow into the reservoir;

Laying a drainage blind pipe at the bottom of the playground lawn, and rainwater flows into the reservoir along the straight drainage ditch;

Underground rainwater storage facilities are set around the sports area. The reservoir should have a certain water purification function, and the purified rainwater can be used for irrigation of sports ground lawns and sporadic green spaces.

2. Campus architecture

Adopt a green roof. The setting of roof greening should consider rainwater collection and reuse for roof greening irrigation, and the roof greening of flat roof can be designed as a farming garden, combined with the practical teaching of school natural courses.

For other buildings, vertical greening can be considered. For example, rainwater pipes in teaching buildings give priority to disconnected drainage, high flower beds receive rainwater, and grass ditches are used to introduce the received or dispersed rainwater into sponge facilities.

Buildings and campus walls facing the roads around the campus should be mainly vertical greening, and sponge facilities integrating high flower beds and vertical greening can also be designed;

Rainwater storage facilities can choose rain pools, reservoirs and other facilities, combined with waterscape layout.

3. Road system

Ecological drainage mode should be adopted: there should be less underground drainage pipe network and no kerbs in the campus.

The sidewalks and squares should adopt permeable pavement.

Non-motor vehicle lanes and motor vehicle lanes should adopt permeable asphalt pavement or permeable concrete pavement.

Drainage facilities can be used on both sides of the road. If sponge facilities cannot be set up, linear drainage ditch or grass planting ditch can be used to organize rainwater runoff and transfer it to sponge facilities.

4. Canteen and parking lot

Grass planting ditch, vegetation buffer zone or sedimentation tank should be selected to pretreat rainwater runoff before introducing sponge facilities;

The parking lot should be designed as an ecological parking lot. The parking space is paved with permeable pavement, and the runoff flows into the grass planting ditch and then into the biological detention pool and other sponge facilities with water purification function.

Step 5 fall into the flower pond

Two or more flower ponds are formed in a stepped arrangement. A flower pond is a fenced area for planting flowers and trees. The pond is filled with planting soil and provided with drainage holes. It can not only effectively reduce the ground earthwork excavation, but also create a landscape. When it rains, the degraded flower pond not only plays a role in delaying the water flow, but also the plants inside can purify the dirty initial rain.

6. Permeable roads

The whole campus is no longer the traditional cement floor and plastic playground, but is replaced by the comprehensive application of permeable bricks, permeable concrete, sand cushion, gravel filter layer, blind seepage pipe and other permeable materials in turn.

Once the rain falls to the ground, it can be quickly absorbed by the ground. Then, after layers of infiltration, impurities are removed and discharged into the reservoir through blind pipes. Therefore, schools' roads, parking lots and sidewalks all have water absorption functions.

7, underground rainwater storage pool

The underground rainwater storage tank is the biggest highlight of the sponge project reconstruction in Gangcheng No.2 Middle School, which can hold up to 500 cubic meters of rainwater. Rainwater from rain garden and ecological trunk stream is collected here through underground pipe network, which can be used for campus greening irrigation and road washing, and can be recycled, reducing drainage pressure, reducing energy consumption and realizing recycling.

8. Ecological dry rivers

A dry stream is an undrained river bed. It artificially imitates the dry river bed in nature and expresses the landscape of the stream in the artistic conception with the construction of plants. Ecological dry stream is the first highlight of this sponge pilot project, with a total length of160m. When it doesn't rain, the dry stream is a landscape; In the rainy season, it can store water and be used for both drought and flood.