There are many confusions about the connection between young and primary schools. The editor helps parents to answer their questions.

#小儿胜学# Introduction The transition from kindergarten to primary school is a key link for children. If the transition from kindergarten to primary school is not done well, it may be difficult for children to adapt to the learning rhythm and life of primary school after they enter primary school. Rhythm. Many parents are very confused about whether to enroll their children in cram schools for connecting kindergarten to primary school, and whether to let their children learn first-grade knowledge in advance. If you don't know, let me introduce to you the confusion of young children and help you analyze it.

1

Do you want to teach your children to read and write? How much literacy is appropriate?

Qida Education Expert: Children aged 3-6 will go through a sensitive period regarding literacy. During this period, children will have great interest in Chinese symbols and have strong curiosity and desire to learn. *, using this phenomenon to guide children's awareness of Chinese characters will achieve very significant results. Secondly, literacy can cultivate children's ability to think in images. For children, a better way to learn is to guide them to associate the Chinese characters they first come into contact with with pictures into symbols. This process of understanding written language is actually the early reading of children. The beginning is the foundation for establishing pre-reading skills. The establishment of good reading habits will benefit children throughout their lives.

Judging from the admission interview questions of private primary schools in Shanghai in recent years, the issue of literacy is indeed unavoidable for families interested in private schools. At present, many teaching institutions use children's literacy of 2,000 or 3,000 as a means to attract parents to sign up. However, this emphasis on the number of literacy itself is unscientific. First of all, although the advantage of having a large amount of pre-school literacy will be reflected when entering first grade, as the teaching progress moves later, the advantage will gradually decrease and even turn into a disadvantage. This is because children are highly literate and will feel that they have mastered the relevant content well in class and feel that they do not need to learn more. Therefore, it is easy for children to slack off in their studies and mislead them into forming bad study and listening habits. It can even cause children to have an overly high self-evaluation. Secondly, children aged 3-6 are required to achieve a certain amount of literacy, which is mostly achieved through rote memorization, which means that children’s time and energy should be used to master other important abilities. Moreover, it may take several years to master 1,000 Chinese characters at this stage, but it may only take a few months when the child's memory and understanding abilities mature. Thirdly, if the child is excessively required to learn a certain number of characters instead of cultivating his interest, it may cause the child to have aversion to Chinese characters themselves, or even develop an aversion to reading, which is not worth the gain.

As for preschool writing training, the key is not how many words can be written, but to exercise the child’s wrist strength and standardize the pen-holding posture. Fun games such as maze running and erasing are more in line with children’s interests. Features. Some children write crookedly. This is not because they are unwilling to write well, but because their brains lack control over their hands. The flexibility of children's hands is affected by age and training. Preschoolers should pay more attention to the training of fine motor skills. If you have a good foundation in writing, your writing speed will be an advantage.

　2

Do you want to teach your children arithmetic? How to develop mathematical logic ability?

Qida Education Expert: Mathematics ability has two aspects, one is basic number concepts and calculation ability, and the other is mathematical logic established on this basis. One of the configurations of the "Young Sheng Xiao" bullfrog that has been widely circulated on the Internet is "addition and subtraction within 100", which refers to the computing power. For preschool children, the inspiration and cultivation of mathematical logic is more important than the training of computing ability: computing ability is a low-level ability that emphasizes memory and proficiency (complex operations require some skills); mathematical logic is a high-level ability, Emphasize thinking and reasoning with the help of abstract numerical symbols and concepts. In the early childhood stage, children's intelligence has not yet been fully developed. Parents should focus on improving their children's thinking ability and cultivate the logic of their learning, so that they can learn mathematics well. Take 3 2 as an example. During the training process, the most important thing is not the result, but asking the children to list mathematical expressions such as 3 2. If a child can list expressions like 3 2 instead of 3-2, it means that he can think mathematically.

As for whether 3 2 is equal to 5 or 8, this is what the operation has to solve. The process of formulating an equation is similar to an engineer drawing a drawing, which is a high-level thinking activity, while calculating the answer of 3 2 is a kind of low-level thinking, similar to a kind of physical labor. This is the difference between mathematical thinking and operations. Parents must understand this difference and not overemphasize computing skills and neglect the cultivation of thinking skills. Many children are good at math in the lower grades, but not so good in the middle and upper grades. The reason is probably due to the emphasis on operations and the undervaluation of thinking, the emphasis on results and the underemphasis on process. Because the lower grades despise thinking training, when there are too many application questions in the upper grades, the weakness of insufficient thinking is exposed, so it is necessary to carry out thinking training from an early age.

For preschool children, cultivating mathematical logic is not an extension of traditional exam-oriented tutoring training, but is based on the operation of rich teaching aids and situational scene guidance that is in line with their cognitive and thinking styles. fun learning. Why do you say that? First of all, children develop thinking through movement. At the age of 3-6, thinking is completed by perception and movement. Children can only think when they are listening, watching, and playing. Secondly, contextualized story scenes deepen language expression ability, and language expression ability and mathematical logic ability are complementary to each other. The stronger the child's language understanding ability, the stronger his understanding of the topic. Correspondingly, if you can persist in training your children's mathematical and logical abilities, your children's language comprehension skills will also improve.

3

Do you want to teach your children English? Will the English letters be confused with Pinyin?

Qida Education Expert: Many parents of preschool children will ask this question when choosing English for their children: "If I start learning English now, will it be confusing to learn Pinyin later?" From the theory Technically speaking, the English alphabet and pinyin belong to two completely different language systems, because Chinese and English are in different language areas. As long as correct guidance is given, children can avoid confusion between pinyin and English. In terms of practical application, neither Chinese Pinyin nor English letters exist and appear completely in isolation, but appear in both Chinese and English language environments. When a certain environment appears, children are first affected by this environment, and consciously or unconsciously put pinyin or letters in this environment, and then distinguish them so as not to confuse them. For children who have just started to come into contact with English, parents can focus on their children's listening and speaking training, taking into account their children's receptive ability, and mainly start by cultivating their children's interests. At present, when most children's English teaching institutions teach pure English, teachers will use various forms such as body movements, songs or pictures to make children remember the pronunciation of letters, so as to determine that these are English letters and not Chinese Pinyin. Some parents suspend their children's learning of a language out of concern that their children will have this kind of confusion, which is not advisable.

Judging from the admission interviews of private primary schools in Shanghai in recent years, various forms such as self-introduction in English and imitation of minority languages ????are almost mandatory. Therefore, for families who intend to apply for private colleges and universities, advance study preparation can be said to be necessary.

Do you want to get the title of junior high school student*? How to correctly understand "young to young"?

In the past, when we talked about "junction from kindergarten to primary school", we usually referred to the transition from kindergarten to primary school. With the diversification of the "primary school to junior high" schooling method and the strengthening of the management of the student status system, the term "infant to primary school" has increasingly become a high-frequency word in the mouths of parents. How fierce is the competition for “young to junior” promotion? From preparing resumes to responding to interviews, from buying a house in a school district to choosing a school across districts, the urgency of the current "child to primary school" model is comparable to the high school entrance examination. Take Shanghai World Foreign Languages ??Primary School, one of the four major schools in Xuhui District, as an example. The number of interviews in 2014 was 4,000, but the number of people who were finally admitted after two rounds of interviews was only 120. The admission rate of less than 3 is staggering. The upgrade of the concept reveals the intensification of competition. "Kindergarten to primary school" not only refers to a certain entrance exam in the school selection process, but also includes the learning abilities that children need to prepare before entering primary school.

Do you want to get the "young title*"? The answer to this question depends on many factors such as parents' expectations for their children, their usual level of care, and the characteristics of the children themselves. What needs to be emphasized is that the transition from kindergarten to primary school must not be understood in a narrow sense as a few "titles", let alone a "sprint class" for the entrance examination of a certain school.

The transition from kindergarten to primary school is not a short-lived process, but a long-term preparation that starts from the kindergarten stage and lasts until the first grade of elementary school. Parents' understanding, attitude and behavior towards the transition from kindergarten to primary school will determine their children's performance in many aspects after entering school. Although the transition from kindergarten to primary school is mainly concentrated in the year-long period from kindergarten to first grade, a lot of preparation work runs through the entire early childhood stage, such as the formation of habits, the formation of personality, the improvement of abilities, etc. Therefore, to truly make the connection between kindergarten and primary school, we must not wait until the second semester of kindergarten, but should start when children enter kindergarten or even earlier.

　4

What should I do if my child has poor concentration and cannot sit still?

Qida Education Expert: Attention, also known as concentration, is an important learning quality. It is the basis of various intelligent activities, such as thinking, memory, movement, etc., all based on attention. carrying out work. Attention is an indispensable ability for intellectual development and effective learning. It has an extremely important impact on children's learning of new knowledge, skills and life experiences. Preschool children's attention span is short, their attention is not stable enough, and their scope is relatively small. They cannot "direct" their attention, and cannot immediately return to the original object of attention after being distracted. In addition, preschool children are easily affected by external stimuli, and it is difficult for them to focus and maintain their attention on things that are not interesting to them and are beyond their abilities. If you ask a 4-year-old child to repeatedly write pinyin and do arithmetic, he will be very confused. May appear disengaged or even irritable.

If parents want their children to be able to "sit still" after entering elementary school, they must focus on training their children's concentration (including visual concentration and auditory concentration) during the learning preparation period of "young-to-primary transition". Professional attention training is very different from family training: attention training in the family is usually random and irregular. Parents need to seize opportunities in life to consciously guide their children, which is usually more natural, but also more piecemeal. , it can be difficult to stick to it. Professional attention training will actively create an environment for children to focus on for a longer period of time, and will also provide professional teaching aids or pictures to coordinate, which not only increases the fun, but also allows children to extend their concentration time with their own awareness. Furthermore, professional attention training will take into account changes in children's age and ability levels, and provide targeted and layered reinforcement. Games are an effective way to cultivate children's intentional attention. It is easiest to cultivate children's intentional attention in games. Professional learning ability courses will improve children's concentration ability through listening, speaking and visual concentration training.

It should be noted that many parents now use electronic products such as iPads for their children. They have long been attracted by the bright, interesting, and animated games on Ipads. Children can be very involved in them without any need for self-control. In the future, when he faces paper books and blackboards, it will be difficult for him to concentrate, and he will be easily distracted by other more active and interesting things, and it will also take longer for his attention to be diverted back from other irrelevant stimuli, that is, anti-interference ability, Attention time and quality of attention are reduced. Only through specialized, systematic and scientific methods can we achieve true improvement in concentration, so that children have the ability, willpower and self-control to lay a solid foundation for future study and life.

　5

My child is introverted, how can I integrate into primary school life more quickly?

Qida Education Expert: Compared with kindergarten, primary school is a completely different teaching environment. Many parents realize the importance of the connection between kindergarten and primary school, but they often only focus on the knowledge reserves of their children before entering school, and ignore the psychological and habitual preparation of their children. If your child has a relatively introverted and slow personality, it will be a challenge to adapt to school, and therefore more time will be needed to get started.

It is recommended that parents of preschool children consciously make preparations in the following aspects:

1) Let their children practice their courage: take their children to participate in more group activities and participate in more Parent-child activities encourage children to make friends with strange children. At the same time, set an example and set a good example for your children in terms of communicating with others.

2) Let the children practice their expression: The habit of communicating with the children should be maintained every day, such as family sharing meetings. This will not only cultivate the children's communication skills, but also cultivate the children's "listening" awareness. The latter Very important in primary school learning.

3) Let children practice self-confidence: Subtly cultivate children’s self-confidence in life, such as encouraging children to develop their own interests and hobbies, so that children can have the joy of “I am good at this thing” and a sense of pride, which will in turn make children think "I want to share it with everyone" and be willing to show their ideas. The cultivation of self-confidence does not happen overnight. Whether parents provide their children with sufficient exercise opportunities during the preschool period, such as language expression and talent display in as many public situations as possible, can help children adapt to primary school life and grow as quickly as possible. Lay a good foundation for elementary school stars.

　6

How to develop good homework habits when your child procrastinates?

Qida Education Expert: We often encounter parents of first-grade students who ask: "My child is always slow to do homework. What others can complete in half an hour, he needs two hours. Every day. I have to go to bed very late at night. What should I do? "In addition to preparing for writing, the most important thing is to let the children learn time management. Psychologist Erikson believes that in early childhood, if children receive opportunities and support for self-management, they will develop autonomy, the ability to act independently, and willpower - the ability to freely choose and self-control behaviors.

To cultivate children’s time concept and self-management ability, we cannot wait until the children enter elementary school. Instead, we need to consciously start training from the kindergarten stage. So, which approach can be taken? I recommend everyone to use tools skillfully to give children a sense of autonomy. For example, by the time they are five to six years old, most children have learned to recognize clocks, have a certain concept of time and time-related rules, and are fully willing and able to freely use their own time. If children can manage their time autonomously, their sense of autonomy will be further enhanced accordingly. A common phenomenon is that parents always like to push their children tirelessly out of concerns and fears that their children will waste time. As a result, children have almost lost the right to control all their time. They feel that they have to listen to adults when they go to bed at night, need to be reminded by adults when they get up in the morning, and need adult supervision when doing homework. If things go on like this, it is not conducive to the cultivation of self-management ability.

Parents can try to let their children choose an alarm clock they like. No matter what they do, set the time in advance. As soon as the alarm clock starts "calling", they will start taking action immediately without delay. This method can not only cultivate children's initiative awareness, but also help children focus on it within a certain period of time. In addition, whiteboards and stickers are available to help children create their own schedules. These methods can train children's sense of time and help them complete homework faster after entering elementary school.