Detailed data collection of equestrian (modern sports)

In ancient times, in order to make the horses used in chariots move accurately and accurately on the battlefield, people often trained horses in various skills and coordination, which later developed into equestrian competitions. Equestrian events first entered the Olympic Games in 1900, when only one event was set up. 19 12. Equestrian events were expanded to dressage, obstacle course and three-day race. Since 1952, female jockeys have been allowed to participate in the equestrian events of the Olympic Games, and equestrian has become the only event in which men and women participate together. As a team, horses and athletes will win medals and places together.

Equestrian competition needs the tacit cooperation between the jockey and the horse to test the horse's skill, speed, endurance and ability to cross obstacles. Equestrian events in the Olympic Games are divided into dressage, steeplechase and three-day events, and each event has team and individual gold medals, resulting in 6 gold medals.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Equestrian mbth:equestraini * * * Appearance Time: 1900 Belonging Project: A Sports Event 1: Obstacle Event 2: Dressage Event 3: Comprehensive development history, competition rules, competition events, rules, competitions over the years, basic footwork, Beijing Equestrian, origin and development. Historical events, riders' equipment, saddles, whips, armatures, water reins, classic European equestrian costumes, other related events, memorabilia and specialities. Among them, horses have noble symbols in Europe, and riding is not only an art for Europeans: the highest extreme, which combines the * * * relationship between jockeys and horses, but also a science. Equestrian competition needs the tacit cooperation between the jockey and the horse to test the horse's skill, speed, endurance and ability to cross obstacles. Equestrian 1734, Charleston Equestrian Club, founded in Virginia, USA, is the earliest equestrian club in the world. 1896, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece. Dirson once proposed to include equestrian as an event, but it failed due to organizational difficulties and the Greek host country's lack of interest in the event. 1900, equestrian events entered the Olympic Games for the first time. There was only one obstacle course. After the 1 th international equestrian competition was held in Paris, equestrian sports developed rapidly. 1906, some Swedish officers headed by Count Clarence von Rosen suggested to Coubertin that equestrian should enter the Olympic Games, and were entrusted by Coubertin to draft a specific competition plan. 1907, the Olympic Congress held in The Hague adopted the plan, and it is planned to incorporate equestrian events into the London Olympic Games in 1908. However, the London Olympic Organizing Committee failed to implement the resolution. It was not until 19 12 that the fifth Olympic Games was held in Stockholm, Sweden, that equestrian entered the Olympic Games. 62 equestrian athletes (all officers) from 10 countries participated in the equestrian competition of the first Olympic Games. Equestrian 19 12, the fifth Stockholm Olympic Games added five events: individual and team horse racing, individual and team officials riding and dressage individual riding. At present, the equestrian events in the Olympic Games include three events: three-day event, dressage event and obstacle course, among which the obstacle course is divided into individual event and team event. Since 1952, female jockeys have been allowed to participate in the equestrian events of the Olympic Games, and equestrian has become the only event in which men and women participate together. 1953, the world equestrian championship was held for the first time. From 65438 to 0966, the figure riding championship was held. As a team, horses and athletes will win medals and places together. In July 2005, the IOC decided at its117th plenary meeting that the equestrian events of the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Hong Kong. Rules of Competition Equestrian is a gentleman's sport, which conveys elegant gentlemanly demeanor and noble temperament in the perfect cooperation between man and horse. After entering the competition venue, spectators should turn off their mobile phones or set the vibration state. If something happens, you can communicate by SMS, or when the game is over, go out and answer the phone. We should abide by the rules, cameras are not allowed to enter the competition venue, and flashlights are not allowed to be used in some competition venues. All athletes are not allowed to use flashlights in competitions that require high concentration, such as raising their heads. When watching the race, you should actively cooperate with the players and horses in the race, and don't throw all kinds of items into the field to avoid injuries to the horses and riders. Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to take pictures with a flash. Turn off the phone or mute it. Don't wave any flags and decorations. It is forbidden to make harsh screams at the scene, so as not to scare the horses and affect the normal race. Equestrian is a very rational competition. For a burned person, he/she must forbid his/her temperament because of the existence of horses; And a coward, riding a horse can give him/her courage. Because the human body is closely connected with the horse, every movement and every breath of both sides can be induced by each other, so the coordination between man and horse becomes the focus. Equestrian events in the Olympic Games are divided into dressage, steeplechase and three-day competition. Each event has team and individual gold medals, resulting in 6 gold medals. Rule Three-Day Competition The so-called Three-Day Competition refers to multiple competitions in three days. The team includes three male athletes and one female athlete. Athletes and horses have to take various tests for three days: the first day: equestrian training; the second day: horse speed and endurance; the last day: the final result is the sum of the top three best results in the steeplechase. Dressage dressage is also called horse racing, because the venue for dressage is the racecourse. Dressage comes from French, which means training. Its purpose is to train the horse to obey, obey the master's orders and make actions, and pay attention to the horse's impulse and assembly. Participants have to compete with horses in three races: the Grand Prix, which is held in two days, and the entry action is specified, which determines who the team medal belongs to. The individual semi-final is specified as "free interpretation of music", and the rider arranges his own dance steps and music to show his personal skills. Upon completion, individual medal winners will know for themselves. Steeplechase is the most important event in equestrian events. Athletes must try their best to steer their horses along the route set before the competition to avoid the obstacles from 12 to 15, such as ditches, low walls and multiple sheds. The perfect score is 0. If the horse bumps into an obstacle when crossing the obstacle, it will be fined 4 points. If the horse refuses to jump twice, it will be disqualified. If two players share points, the player who spends less time wins. Over the years, a total of 65,438+00 teams participated in the 2000 figure cycling team competition, with 4 athletes in each team. In 65,438+0,998, the top eight players in the World Championships and the champions in the European Championships were qualified, and the host country Australia team was automatically qualified. Each association is limited to 65,438+0 teams. 50 athletes participate in individual events. Except for 40 athletes participating in team events, the rest 10 athletes are determined according to the world ranking, and each association has at most two athletes. 65,438+06 teams participated in the team event of obstacle course, and 4 athletes participated in each event. The top six, European champions and African champions in the 65,438+0998 World Championships are eligible to participate, and the host country, Australia, is automatically eligible to participate. Each association is limited to 65,438+0 teams. There are 15 athletes in individual events, and athletes in team events can also participate in individual events, with a maximum of two athletes in each association. A total of 15 teams from three teams participated in the competition. After being selected by regional Olympic qualifiers such as the World Championships, Pan-American Championships and European Championships, the host Australian team automatically qualified for the competition. Thirty-six athletes participated in individual events, and their qualifications were determined by world championships, five intercontinental championships or Olympic qualifiers or world rankings published by the International Equestrian Federation. Basic footwork, slow pace and brisk running, the origin and development of attacking Beijing equestrian was as far away as the Yuan Dynasty, and horse racing was held in metropolis. After the Mongols established their capital in Beijing, they brought their favorite horse racing to Beijing and gradually became popular in Beijing. At that time, the imperial court also combined this activity with the military service system to become a system, especially in the case of large-scale gatherings, horse racing, riding and shooting were all such activities. In the Ming Dynasty, horse riding, riding and shooting were held in Beijing every spring. After entering the Qing Dynasty, horse racing became more popular. Because Manchu is also a nation that is very good at riding and shooting, especially during the Qianlong period, many racecourses were built in Beijing, and horse racing activities were held in various folk festivals. All flag soldiers from princes to nobles were keen on this activity. Therefore, under the advocacy of the royal family, this activity gradually spread to the people and continued until the early Republic of China. Equestrian racecourses in old Beijing are mostly located outside the outer cities and the city gates, and the holding time is also different, usually from the first month of the lunar calendar to September. Among them, the horse races in the first month are mostly in the west of Baiyun Temple and outside Andingmen and Deshengmen. In February, at the Sun Palace on the east side of the Temple of Heaven; In March, it is on the southwest side of Pantao Palace in Dongbianmen; In April in Manju Jixi outside Xizhimen; May is south of Yongdingmen; Outside the east wall of Xiannongtan in June; North of Huangsi in July; South of Guang 'anmen in August; Near Diaoyutai in September. Horse racing has stopped since the weather turned cold in October. There are all kinds of people who take part in horse racing, and all the horses are owned by themselves. Participants can agree on a time to meet each other, and the number of participants can be more or less. There are no rules. You can also practice horse racing at any time and watch each other's riding and horse skills. There are many ways of horse racing in old Beijing, but there are some differences with western equestrian events. Western horse racing activities only pay attention to speed, "speed is the best choice", regardless of riding and horse racing, judging the outcome only depends on speed. The traditional horse racing activities in old Beijing pay attention to the pace of horses, which generally include horse riding, horse racing and vault. Walking is to see the horse's steady and graceful posture when running; Horse racing is about speed and endurance. Vaulting means that the horse's bumpy posture should be beautiful and changeable in the competition. In the competition, all the knights are full of energy and spur the horses with guns as the number. I saw a horse running, jumping, swinging and rushing forward. All the onlookers cheered loudly, and the feelings of excitement, tension and excitement were beyond words. Historical Project At the end of the Qing Dynasty, an activity called "Jockey Club" appeared in Beijing. It is not a traditional horse race in China, but a so-called western-style horse race (i.e. equestrian competition). At the end of Xuan Tong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Shuntianfu allocated a piece of land of about 200 mu to Beijing Shen Xi Club, which is located near the lotus pond outside today's Xibianmen. At that time, the area was still desolate. After the completion of the racecourse, it gradually became lively. Every time there is a horse race, people come and go. There are stands, ticket offices, lottery rooms, horse pens and racers' lounges in the racecourse. Every race day, fans from all walks of life in Beijing (including some foreigners in Beijing) keep coming, and there are a sea of people inside and outside the racecourse. Each ticket window and lottery window are marked with the number of knight and horse race, so customers can buy one or more kinds of horse race tickets. Da Jia is a rich businessman or a lottery lover. He spends a lot of money to buy one or more lottery tickets in batches in order to win the lottery. This kind of "Jockey Club" activity continued intermittently until the late Republic of China, and then gradually declined, and those racetracks that were once packed disappeared. Besides a good pony, a rider needs a series of professional equipment. There are many excellent equipment, and it is the most important purchase standard to suit yourself. Choosing the right riding equipment is equivalent to buying yourself a comprehensive guarantee. Saddle Saddle is the most important equipment when riding a horse. A saddle with excellent technology and appropriate size is an important guarantee for the harmony and comfort of people in sports. Modern saddle fully considers the ergonomics of people and horses, adopts an integrated elastic saddle frame, is elegant in leather and light in weight, and is widely used for riding and ordinary leisure riding. Usually, what kind of saddle to choose is determined by the height, figure and movement of horses and people. General leisure riding generally chooses comprehensive saddle. Whips are made of leather or fiber products, which are generally long, medium and short. You need to choose according to your actual situation. Ordinary horseback riding usually uses a whip of medium length. There are thousands of kinds of armatures, and horses with different personalities have different requirements for the use of armatures. Armature is mainly made of stainless steel, with smooth surface and moderate weight, which will not rust or hurt horses. Musical water reins Musical water and reins, like the steering wheel and braking system of horses, are usually made of leather and PVC. Good water pipes and reins have good flexibility, which can transmit action information more accurately in riding and realize the tacit cooperation between man and horse. Classic European Equestrian Clothing In the classic European equestrian sports, clothing is a very important element, which requires a higher sense of ceremony and clothing. Those unique rider equipment not only gives people visual enjoyment, but also is an important guarantee for safety.

Helmet: The helmet worn on horseback is different from other helmets. It is made of FRP. A good equestrian helmet requires that it can crack under a certain impact force to minimize the damage to the head caused by the impact force.

Gloves: The reins of harness are very rough and easy to scratch the skin, so gloves become an essential equipment for riding. Generally, gloves should be wear-resistant and comfortable.

Breeches: Sports friction is inevitable during riding, and breeches can help riders move easily. Usually, breeches are mainly designed with loose crotch and tight legs.

Boots: It can protect legs and feet, prevent them from being rubbed when riding, and it is not easy to be dangerous when falling off a horse. There are two kinds of riding boots: rubber boots and leather boots.

Chabbs: Chabbs is a leggings bag. In the absence of long riding boots, you can wear shabbs to wear and protect your legs.

Protective vest: used to protect the rider from injury as little as possible when he falls off the horse, and to protect the rider's back and spine. Beginners should wear protective vests.

Whip: There are two kinds of whips: long whips and short whips. Short whip is used for ordinary horse riding and speed horse racing. A short whip for leisure riding, with a wrist cuff to prevent it from falling. The short whip used in speed competition is thick, wide, heavy and strong, and the length shall not exceed 70 cm. Slender whips are * * * whips, which are used in horse training, and some of them have whip tips. Other related memorabilia In 680 BC, equestrian was listed as a competition for the first time in the 25th Olympia Ancient Olympic Games. 1900 individual obstacle course is listed as the event of Paris Olympic Games. At the same time, the competition also includes the long jump obstacle course and the high jump obstacle course. Only officers are eligible to participate in the competition. The equestrian competition in 1952 was first opened to civilians and soldiers at all levels. At the same time, women are allowed to participate in dressage competitions for the first time. 1956 1956 Due to the strict quarantine system implemented in Australia before the Olympic Games, the equestrian events originally scheduled to be held in Melbourne were held in Stockholm. The events and rules of 1988 have been fixed. China equestrian team participated in the Olympic Games for the first time in 200 8. Equestrian Competition, a Special Event of Hong Kong Olympic Games When we applied for the 2008 Olympic Games, we put the equestrian competition in Shunyi's rural racetrack. After many twists and turns, considering various factors, we decided to change it to Hong Kong. However, this decision was not smooth sailing. It took more than seven months before and after, involving four companies: BOCOG, Hong Kong Olympic Committee of China, International Olympic Committee and International Equestrian Federation. Without the consent of a company, the equestrian events cannot be transferred to Hong Kong. Among them, the Beijing Olympic Group and the Hong Kong Olympic Committee of China are naturally active promoters, and the International Olympic Committee is the middle party. However, such a plan was opposed by the International Equestrian Federation, whose president is a woman, who is a royal princess and the sister of the Spanish king, Princess bilal. Bilal and the International Equestrian Federation led by her made the relocation of equestrian sports to Hongkong not so smooth. Moreover, the venues are required to establish an epidemic-free zone within 35 square kilometers of Fiona Fang several years in advance. In other words, the rural racecourse originally planned in Shunyi will be filtered. The concept of epidemic-free area is that all residents in this area should move away, and no animals can appear in this area, including mice on the ground and underground. For Beijing, such a requirement is extremely difficult to achieve in just a few years, and it faces a large number of demolition. After the land is vacated, it is even more difficult to build an epidemic-free area. Besides, China has no experience in this field. This also brings a problem, that is, funds. Many people can't imagine how much money is needed for such a huge project. After Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games, the principle of running the Olympic Games diligently was put forward in time. The high cost of building equestrian venues naturally does not match the hard-working Olympic Games. What shall we do? We must find a suitable way to solve this problem. Earlier, Henry Fok and his son, Huo Zhenting, chairman of the Hong Kong Olympic Committee of China, have been telling the IOC and Beijing that they hope Hong Kong can also host an Olympic Games. Hong Kong has thus entered Beijing's sight, and it is of great positive significance for Beijing and Hong Kong to jointly host the Beijing Olympic Games. Objectively speaking, the level of horse racing in Hong Kong is at the top level in the world, and the foundation of equestrian sports is relatively good. The venue of equestrian competition can meet the requirements only by rebuilding the existing venue, which greatly saves funds. Although both Beijing and Hong Kong are willing to actively promote this event, the decision is made by the International Equestrian Federation. Therefore, after the successful bid for the Olympic Games, BOCOG submitted a report to the International Equestrian Federation, expounding the quarantine problems faced by the equestrian events in Beijing. And informed Hong Kong of its intention to host equestrian events. Unexpectedly, the International Equestrian Federation expressed its opposition. So why didn't the FIA agree to this decision? On the one hand, the FIA has been worried that Hong Kong will leave the Olympic family, which is very unfavorable to the development of equestrian events, not to mention that equestrian events are aristocratic events and are not easy to promote. It is not the first time that equestrian events have been held outside the host city. At the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games in Australia, the equestrian events of that Olympic Games were forced to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, due to the high quarantine requirements of imported horses in Australia at that time. On the other hand, the FIA believes that if the equestrian competition is held in Hong Kong, equestrian athletes will lose the opportunity to communicate with athletes from all over the world, unable to fully enjoy the services of the Olympic family, unable to enjoy the Olympic atmosphere, unable to communicate with athletes from all over the world and unable to enjoy the joy of the Olympic family, which will make equestrian far away from people and the Olympic Games, which is not conducive to the development of equestrian sports in the world, not to mention a 65,438+. 20 16 the six countries and regions that participated in the Rio Olympic games for the first time were: China, Taipei, Qatar, Dominica, Zimbabwe and Uruguay. China, Taibei and Qatar will participate in the steeplechase, Dominica and China will participate in the dressage competition, and Zimbabwe will participate in the three-day competition; Uruguay participated in the dressage performance in the equestrian events of the Paralympic Games. Athletes from 43 countries and regions will participate in equestrian events in this Olympic Games, among which 30 countries will send athletes to participate in equestrian events in Paralympic Games. 2016 On March 9th, at 2: 00 a.m. Geneva time, the official website of the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) officially released "Olympic Games-Qualifications of Participating Countries" (ranking of national Olympic Committees and athletes who have obtained Olympic Games qualifications). Hua Tian, a knight of China Equestrian Triathlon, became the only athlete in China who got the Olympic qualification through the ranking system of Olympic qualification points.