Complete Farmer's Proverbs

On Farmer Proverbs

Author: You Xiuling (published by China Economic History Forum on 2003-9-30 0:53:19)

1. The Origin of Farmer Proverbs

Farmer proverbs have been around for a long time and have been recorded in many ancient books. For example, popular sayings such as "It takes half a year to seep rice", "Wheat sprouts need to be watered, and vegetables need watering flowers", "The roots turn white during the heat, and the farmer eats them", "The rice is as red as a warbler, and all needs water to supply it", etc. The farmer's proverb was found in "Shen's Book of Agriculture" in the late Ming Dynasty: "An inch of wheat is not afraid of a foot of water, but a foot of wheat is afraid of an inch of water." It was found in "Tiangong Kaiwu" in the late Ming Dynasty; "You can't grow wheat without ash." , "Harvesting wheat is like putting out fire" was seen in the "Convenience Picture Compilation" in the early 16th century; "If it is not hot in June, the grain will not grow", "If you are covered with quilts in June, no rice will grow in the fields", etc. were seen in the 14th century "Five Elements of the Tian Family" at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty; "If you want wheat, see three whites", "Three whites of the first month, Tian Gong smiles brilliantly", which can be seen in "Chao Ye Qian Zai" of the Tang Dynasty in the early 8th century; "If you want to know the five grains, you must look "Five trees" and "Plowing without labor is worse than committing violence" are found in the 6th century "Qi Min Yao Shu". Farmer's proverbs quoted in ancient books are often labeled with the words "Proverbs Cloud" or "Ancient People Cloud", indicating that the quoted farmers' proverb originated earlier, and it is not always possible to find it in the literature. At least as far as is known, some farmers' proverbs can be traced back thousands of years. For example, the Zhejiang farmer's proverb: "There is no rich grass under the big trees, and there are no beautiful seedlings between the big trees." It was also seen in the Western Han Dynasty (Huan Kuan, 1st century BC) The fourteenth importance of "Salt and Iron Treatise": "There is no rich grass under the dense forest, and there are no beautiful seedlings among the large blocks." "Sudden rains will not end all day long, and hurricanes will not end the day" and Chapter 23 of Laozi's Tao Te Ching "Gone with the Wind" "The wind never ends, the shower never ends" is similar. Since the origin of agricultural proverbs can be continuously traced, we have reason to believe that the origin of agricultural proverbs is consistent with the origin of agriculture. The origin of agriculture is much earlier than written records, so the origin of agricultural proverbs It must have been before writing. If we say that music, dance, and songs all originated from labor, then peasant proverbs are actually an important branch of agricultural labor that is differentiated from songs. The difference between songs and peasant proverbs is that the former expresses labor. People's thoughts and feelings focus on social relations; while agricultural proverbs describe the struggle between working people and nature, which focus on production. This distinction is the result of subsequent gradual development. In fact, there is no clear distinction between the two. Boundaries. Because agricultural proverbs can originally include experiences of “being in the world” other than agricultural production. Furthermore, agricultural proverbs can also include experiences of “being in the world” other than agricultural production. Furthermore, agricultural proverbs have harmonious melody, rhymes with each other, are moving in form, and are full of life. Breath is also difficult to distinguish from songs. This is especially true in ancient agricultural society. For example, "July", "Fu Tian", "Da Tian", "Chen Gong", etc. in "The Book of Songs" are not only about singing about farming operations, but also about singing. Farmers express their emotions. With the development of agricultural production, agricultural proverbs gradually differentiated from songs. At the same time, agricultural proverbs that were purely based on production experience continued to increase and become an important part of guiding production.

2. The role of agricultural proverbs in production

Farming proverbs are the crystallization of experience accumulated by working people in long-term production practices. They must play a certain guiding role in agricultural production, especially in feudal society. , the working people were deprived of the right to read and read, and their experience was mainly passed down and inherited through oral transmission of "fathers command their sons, brothers command their brothers". Farmer's proverbs are one of them. For example, in the feudal society period, Before the thermometers, hygrometers and other instruments of the same generation, farmers used the growth status of perennial trees as a basis for predicting the farming season. Because the growth of perennial trees reflects certain objective climate conditions to a certain extent, the "what to know" concept was born. When it comes to grains, look at the five trees first.” There are many proverbs that reflect phenology when it comes to guiding the sowing period, such as “The pear blossoms are white, so soybeans are planted”; “The camphor tree has fallen leaves and the peach blossoms are red, and the white bean seeds are easy to grow out of the urn”; and “The frog cries. ", millet falls" and so on. More are based on the twenty-four solar terms to point out the suitable sowing period of various crops: such as "white dew is early, cold dew is late, the autumnal equinox is the time for grass seeds"; "white dew is white, just the right time to plant buckwheat", etc. Farmers have Knowing these farmer's proverbs will help you know how to sow at the right time.

In addition, proverbs such as "Beginning of winter, broad beans, small snow wheat, don't catch it all your life"; "Growing oil in October is not enough for your wife to rub on your head" are summaries of lessons learned from failures, reminding people to seize the season and not miss the farming season.

If we divide the entire process of crop production into several links, almost every link has certain agricultural proverbs. For example, from the time of sowing rice, the selection of improved seeds includes "good rice is good, good mother is good", etc.; cultivating strong seedlings includes "seedlings are good for half a year," etc.; transplanting techniques include "it depends on your feet whether you know how to insert or not." , "Early rice floats on the water, late rice is inserted up to the waist", etc. Fertilization includes "early rice is fed with mud, and late rice is choked three times", "light in the middle, heavy at the two ends", etc.; field management includes "touch the roots during the heat, and use handfuls of mud." Valley” and so on. Taking rice as an example, there are about 500 farmers' proverbs in Zhejiang. Farmers have these agricultural proverbs, just like they now have technical instruction manuals, which once played a great guiding role. Especially some old farmers still retain this habit. In 1959, we asked an old farmer in Lishui County to learn about the local experience of sowing millet. He cited the farmer's proverb "A needle on the head of a red millet is only afraid of shallowness, not deepness", and compared millet with sesame seeds, saying: The farmer's proverb "The two leaves on the head of sesame seeds are only afraid of the deep ones, not the shallow ones" vividly illustrates the different requirements of monocotyledonous plants (such as millet) and dicotyledonous plants (such as sesame) for sowing depth. When we summarized the local experience of planting dragon claw millet (locally called millet) in Pingyang County, the farmers cited the farmer's proverb of "the rice is harvested half way, the wheat is gone, and the millet is half harvested after one basket is harvested", which illustrates the meaning of dragon claw millet. The characteristic is that they are not afraid of falling. There are countless examples like this, which are enough to prove that agricultural proverbs play a great role in guiding agricultural production.

3. Characteristics of the content of agricultural proverbs

Farming proverbs talk about agricultural production. Agricultural production in a broad sense includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery. Agriculture also includes crops, fruits, vegetables, sericulture, etc. These contents are found in agricultural proverbs. Furthermore, agricultural production is inseparable from soil, fertilizer, moisture, temperature and even seasons, weather and climate conditions. These aspects occupy a lot of content in agricultural proverbs. Agricultural production is carried out by people, so there are many contents in agricultural proverbs that are inseparable from the relationship between people, the experience of management, etc. The "Chinese Farmers' Proverbs" collected by Fei Jiexin before liberation is composed of five parts: seasons, weather, crops, feeding, and proverbs. Although it is not ideal, we can see several characteristics of the content of farmers' proverbs from this classification. According to the author's statistics, there are 5953 farmers' proverbs in the book. [1] There are 2961 items belonging to the seasonal department, accounting for 40.45 of the total; there are 1556 items in the weather department, accounting for 26.22; in the crop department, there are 1020 items, accounting for 17.18; in the feeding department, there are 251 items, accounting for 4.23; in the proverbs department, 707 items, Accounted for 11.91. Two points can be seen from the percentage of individual distribution: First, agricultural proverbs related to weather and season account for 2/3, reflecting the dependence of the agricultural production development process on natural conditions. Adhering to the farming season and sowing at the right time is a prerequisite for agricultural production. Agricultural technology has changed so much from primitive slash-and-burn farming to modern machine farming. Only sowing at the right time cannot be changed arbitrarily. In order to correctly grasp the farming season, the working people have summed up rich experience and learned enough lessons over thousands of years, so there are about 40 agricultural proverbs centered on the season. Natural disasters such as drought, floods, wind, and cold were even more insurmountable threats in the feudal society of small-scale peasant economy. Therefore, one-quarter of farmers tried to grasp the laws of natural disasters.

The peasant proverbs that Fei Jiexin collected were limited to his personal conditions, and there were only 5,953 of them. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Agricultural Publishing House, led by Lu Ping, carried out a planned collection of farmers' proverbs across the country, and collected more than 100,000 items. After merging and classifying, more than 31,400 items were collected, divided into the upper and lower parts of "Chinese Farmers' Proverbs" Published in two volumes. The first volume is about crops, including field crops, cotton and linen, fruits and vegetables, sericulture, beans, oilseeds and flowers. According to the author's statistics, there are about 16,200 items. The second volume is the general introduction and covers animal husbandry, fishery, forestry, etc. The general introduction includes soil, fertilizer, seeds, field management, water conservancy, meteorology, etc., with more than 15,200 articles. The statistical results of the upper and lower volumes of the book were also analyzed by category, which are generally similar to the statistical results of Fei Jiexin mentioned above. But the regularity seen is more obvious.

That is to say, among all the agricultural proverbs, weather agricultural proverbs account for the most, accounting for 7903, accounting for 25.16 of the total. The second is rice, with 4573 ***, accounting for 14.56% of the total; the third is wheat, with 3596 ***, accounting for 11.45% of the total. The rest are scattered on various crops, with more or less numbers, but they are far less numerous than rice and wheat. The ratio of the number of agricultural proverbs about rice, wheat and millet is very similar to the author's statistical results on the documents in the Caomu Diangu section of the "Ancient and Modern Books Collection". In the "Collection", the number of documents on rice also occupies the first place, and various wheat and wheat combinations are included. The proportion of the three crops exceeds that of any other crop. [2] The proportion of written records is so consistent with the proportion of farmers’ oral proverbs, which is a true reflection of the laws of objective things. The supply of fruit trees and vegetables exceeds demand and there are only 1571 entries, accounting for 5.00 of the total. In terms of food, corn and sweet potatoes were not introduced and popularized until the late Ming Dynasty. Corn quickly accumulated 222 stalks, of course the proportion was not high, accounting for only 0.70; sweet potatoes accumulated 366 stalks, accounting for 1.16. Since ancient times, agriculture, mulberry, and food have both been important. Cotton was a latecomer to sericulture, but its popularity spread very quickly. The number of agricultural proverbs accumulated exceeded that of sericulture. There are 1,243 agricultural proverbs for cotton, accounting for 3.95%; there are only 355 for sericulture, accounting for 1.13%. There should not be so few agricultural proverbs for sericulture. , the reason is yet to be investigated. Among the two legs of crops and livestock, the number of agricultural proverbs in the livestock part is far less than that of crops, with only 1,433, accounting for 4.56 of the total. This is the characteristic of the food structure in China's agricultural areas. The pressure of population growth in rural areas makes it difficult for agricultural areas to obtain Make more land available to raise livestock. Among the agricultural animals, pigs are the most common. Pigs in the south are house-fed omnivores and do not need pasture. A prominent point of the livestock farmer proverbs is that there are many farmer proverbs for identifying livestock, and they are very vivid and well-founded. They are very similar to the "Xiangma Jing" and "Xiangniu Jing" since the Han Dynasty, but they are short of sentences.

The following is an attempt to analyze the characteristics of the content of agricultural proverbs, which can be summarized into three points and six characteristics:

Regionality and universality. The regional nature of agricultural proverbs actually reflects the regional nature of agricultural production. For example, different regions have different types of crops, different sowing and harvesting seasons, and so on. The Zhejiang farmer's proverb is: "Wheat yellow grows hemp, and ephedra grows wheat." The Shaanxi farmer's proverb is "Wheat yellow grows rice, and rice yellow grows wheat." Crops vary from region to region. Farmers' proverbs in North China are "seven gold, eight silver, nine coppers, and ten irons" and "if you don't plow the land during the autumn harvest, you won't be able to make decisions for the coming year." This reflects the winter leisure and one-crop farming system in the north. This is not the case in the south. Zhejiang Farmer Proverbs "After three years of planting grass, bad fields turn into good fields" and "Bad winter rapeseed and dry winter wheat" reflect that in Zhejiang, either green manure is planted in winter, or barley, rapeseed, broad beans, peas, etc. are planted, and there is little leisure time, let alone July. In August, the fields are plowed to prepare for the winter. The biggest regional difference is the sowing period. In North China, the right time to plant wheat is: "The white dew is early, the cold dew is late, and the autumn equinox is the right time to sow wheat." In Zhejiang, it is: "The cold dew is early, the beginning of winter is late, and around the frost is the right time." For planting sesame and millet, the method in North China is: "Xiaoman Sesame and Mangzhong Valley", while in Zhejiang it is "Top sesame and two millet".

But in many agricultural proverbs, despite different regions and different conditions, they all have similar sayings. For example, "dry flowers and wet pods of soybeans can yield eight stones per acre", which is said throughout the north and south; the Zhejiang farmer's proverb "cutting wheat is like putting out fire" is the same as the North China farmer's proverb "harvesting wheat is like putting out fire"; Water" has the same farmer's proverbs in Zhejiang, northern Jiangsu and other places: "If it is not hot in June, the grain will not grow", "It is difficult to buy pot belly yellow if you have money"... etc. are all universal farmers' proverbs. This is so because they reflect the biology of the crop. The biological characteristics of crops are the manifestation of their own genetics. The environmental conditions and cultivation principles required by them are often the same. There are also some cultivation links with the same basic principles, such as deep plowing, additional fertilizer application, cultivating soil, etc. , reflected in the farmers' proverbs are roughly the same. For example, the farmer's proverb in North China and Shaanxi is "Farming without manure is just a fool's errand"; the farmer's proverb in Northern Jiangsu is "Not applying manure is a fool's errand"; the farmer's proverb in Zhejiang is "There is no master in farming, as long as there is enough fertilizer"; and the farmer's proverb in North China is "A hoe has three points." "Water" and the Zhejiang farmer's proverb "when drought comes, the hoe will produce water", etc., all have the same meaning.

Regardless of regionality and universality, the similarity of its expression forms shows that a certain agricultural proverb may have originated in a certain region. As it spread, various regions adapted it according to the characteristics of their own region (such as crops, farming systems, seasons, oral habits, etc.), the most obvious one is the sowing period. Almost "×× is early, ×× is late, ×××× is at the right time" has become the most common expression formula of farmers' proverbs in various places. .

General and scientific. Generality and scientificity are the most important characteristics of farmers' proverbs. Since farmers' proverbs are passed down orally, they must be short and fluent to be easy to memorize. But its content is very rich, so it must be concise, profound and thought-provoking. Many agricultural proverbs may seem simple and obvious, but they actually contain profound scientific principles that require our analysis and explanation. For example, the farmer's proverb for planting green manure: "If you want good grass, it should always be dry." Generally speaking, grass likes moist soil, but liking moisture does not mean that it does not need air. Farmers specifically pointed out that "it should always be dry." According to scientific research, the best soil humidity in Caozi field is around 70. As the groundwater level decreases, the thickness of the oxide layer is increased and the thickness of the reduction layer is shortened, which allows the root system and root nodules to develop well. This is the summary and meaning of the agricultural proverb. The science is there. Others, such as "watering wheat sprouts and vegetables watering flowers", summarize the key points of fertilization for two types of winter crops; "straight planting in mountain gardens and diagonal planting in swing gardens" points out that sweet potatoes should adopt different cutting methods according to different water conditions. . "Cow dung is cold, horse dung is hot." It seems unreasonable that cow and horse dung are divided into cold and hot. In fact, because cows and horses drink different drinks, the activities of microorganisms in the dung are also different, and the ability to ferment and generate heat is very different. . Some cultivation practices not only affect yield but also quality. For example, the farmer's proverb points out: "Nine times of plowing, there will be no hair on the grain, and three times of peeling, there will be no residue." This is very reasonable. How to explain it thoroughly is worthy of in-depth consideration. Some agricultural proverbs require scientific research to reveal their theoretical meaning, such as "It is difficult to grow three-yellow rice" and "It is difficult to buy big-bellied rice if you have money." Farmer rice expert Chen Yongkang raised the problem of three yellows and three blacks. Through scientific experiments conducted by the Jiangsu Branch of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Comrade Chen Yongkang over the past few years, it was initially clarified that "yellow represents a physiological state at a turning point in the ontogeny of late rice. After the first yellowing, the plant will move to a new stage." This is a preliminary explanation of the three-yellow issue, but there are still debates with different opinions. There are many agricultural proverbs that are very general and rich in profound scientific principles, and we need to use modern scientific knowledge or through specific experimental research to analyze and improve them.

Mass and popular. Most of the authors of agricultural proverbs are working people, which determines that the thoughts, feelings and expressions of agricultural proverbs must be popular with the masses, full of life and earthy flavor, and easy to memorize and spread among themselves. Among them, the most commonly used one is to explain the relationship between production technology measures and people, which is most easily accepted by the masses. For example, it is stated that before pulling out the seedlings, a little fertilizer should be applied to facilitate the root growth, but not too much. The farmer's proverb says: "When the seedlings grow, they need snacks." Using "snack" as a metaphor for the role and weight of the fertilizer is just right. Growing wheat without ash fertilizer in winter is a big problem. The farmer's proverb emphasizes the importance of ash fertilizer by saying "No wheat without ash, no treat without wine". Rice lacks nitrogen fertilizer and its leaves turn yellow, so it is urgent to apply more fertilizer. The farmer's proverb uses the irony of "the rice is yellow and the owner owes it money for bean cakes". After corn topping, the plants can grow vigorously and produce strong cobs. The farmer's proverb uses "the corn has its head removed and is as strong as an ox" as a metaphor. Others include "Sweet potatoes are not shy and are planted until autumn", "Farming grass and river mud, "Children can only treat water chestnuts with candy stalks", "Show yellow rice and eat a piece of candy; show black rice and you can't eat it" are all lively and meaningful good farmer proverbs. When we inherit the heritage of agricultural proverbs and summarize the characteristics of agricultural proverbs, we must grasp the mass and popular nature of agricultural proverbs.

4. Analysis of the structure of agricultural proverbs

In order to better summarize agricultural proverbs, it is necessary to analyze the syntactic structure and expression methods of agricultural proverbs that have been handed down for thousands of years. In order to learn some useful experiences for developing and creating new agricultural proverbs.

(1) The syntax of farmers' proverbs The sentences of farmers' proverbs are relatively concise and simple, but after analyzing a large number of farmers' proverbs, we can find that the sentences of farmers' proverbs are also quite complicated. Let’s first look at the number of words in each sentence. According to the author’s classification statistics of 15,823 agricultural proverbs (approximately 360,000 words) across the country, [3] the least is 3 words, and the most is 196 words. If each item with a different number of words is called a "sentence type", from 3 words to 58 words, there are 56 different sentence types: from 60 words to 196 words, there are 34 sentences categories, totaling from 3 entries to 196 entries*** there are 90 sentence categories. It is worth noting that the number of sentences owned by each of these 90 sentence types is unbalanced, with most of them concentrated in 10, 8, 14, 12, 7, 6, 13, 5, 16, 20, 9 and Among the 12 sentence categories including 11, *** there are 14,524, accounting for 91.79 of the total; and among these 12 sentence categories, 6 sentence categories including 10, 8, 14, 12, 7, and 6 are the most numerous, *** 11,857 items, accounting for 74.93 of the total. In addition, looking at the statistics of agricultural crops in Zhejiang, the same distribution situation exists (Table 17).

Some important points can be seen from the following table:

1. Farmer's proverbs are proverbs spread orally by people. Except for a few cases (such as Jiujiu song and the like), they are generally The number of words in each sentence should not be too many, otherwise it will be difficult to recite orally. Although some farmer's proverbs can have more than 100 words, in fact the vast majority of them do not exceed 20 words, and most of them do not exceed 14 words. And because the content of farmers' proverbs is very rich, if it is too short, it cannot express much content, so there are not many 5-, 4-, and 3-word sentences with less than 6 words. Among all 15,823 farmers' proverbs, 5-word sentences only appear in 468 sentences. , accounting for 2.95; 4-word sentences appear in only 150 sentences, accounting for 0.94; 3-word sentences appear even fewer, accounting for only 6 sentences (due to space limitations, the distribution of each sentence category is not listed here).

Distribution of Sentence Categories of National Farmer Proverbs and Zhejiang Farmer Proverbs

Sentence Category|Number of occurrences of 90 sentence categories of National Farmer Proverbs|Percentage of total number|Number of occurrences of 24 sentence categories of Zhejiang Farmer Proverbs|Percentage of total number

>

10 words|3899|26.64|324|30.00

8 words|2185|13.80|151|13.96

14 words|2149 |13.58|113|10.45

12 words|1335|8.43|12|10.36

7 words|1182|7.47|111|10 ．26

6 words|1107|6.99|92|8.51

The above 6 sentences are total|11857|74.93|903|83.54

13, 15, 16, 20, 9, 11 sentence categories*** total|2667|16.86|127|11.74

The above 12 sentence categories*** Total|14524|91.79|1030|95.28

The rest of the sentence types*** Total|1299|8.21|51|4.72

Total|15823| 100.00|1081|100.00

Note: National agricultural proverbs include crops, fruits and vegetables, animal husbandry, weather, seasons, etc. Zhejiang agricultural proverbs are only related to crop cultivation.

2 Sentences composed of 20 characters or 28 characters (similar to Wujue and Qijue in old poems) are not dominant in peasant proverbs (20-character sentences*** appeared in 373 sentences, and 28-character sentences*** There are 132 sentences), but on the contrary, half of the 20-character and 28-character sentences, that is, 10-character sentences and 14-character sentences, have an absolute advantage, which is also a very noteworthy phenomenon.

3 Among the six sentence categories of 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 14 words, which account for more than three-quarters of the total, even-numbered sentences account for 5 types, and odd-numbered sentences only have one type of 7 words. , which is also consistent with the habit of Chinese people often expressing words in pairs in speaking or writing.

In each sentence category with the same number of words, there are several ways of expression. For example, if they both belong to the 10-word sentence category, the expression method can be 5 words plus 5 words (represented by 5 5, as follows) Same), it can also be 3 7, 4 6, 6 4, etc. Here are examples of five common sentence types, including 8 characters, 9 characters, 10 characters, 11 characters, and 12 characters, etc. (Table 18).

Examples of sentence patterns included in each sentence category of farmers' proverbs

8-character sentences

Sentence patterns|Examples

4 4|Planting under clear water , transplanting rice seedlings in mixed water

3 5|At the beginning of autumn, we all plowed together in the small one

2 2 2 2|Planting in dry water, live early; grow quickly, grow big quickly

9 words

Sentence pattern|Examples

4 5|Not afraid of drought, only afraid of broken hoe

5 4|Seventy days of buckwheat, eighty days Tianyu

3 3 3|In June, sell quilts and buy gray materials

10 words

Sentence pattern|Examples

5 5|Look at your feet if you know how to insert or not

4 6|It is better to save a pound of seeds than to buy a hundred pounds of seeds

3 7|In July and autumn, face Apply inside and outside till the end of the year

3 3 4|One season of grass, two seasons of rice, good grass and good rice

4 3 3|After the summer solstice, apply one load of seedlings and one load of potatoes

11 words

Sentence pattern|Example sentences

5 6|Be able to sow one hill, but not a thousand hills

6 5| White rice is planted in the flower and grass fields, and there are grain picks on the hills

4 7|Thousands of dung fields are not as good as dung rice seedlings in one place

7 4|Plant one day early before the beginning of autumn, one day early Harvest

3 3 5|If you break the manure tank, you don’t need to throw it away, and you will get more food in the field

5 3 3|Farming without fertilizing, you lie to it, it will lie to you

12 words

Sentence pattern|Examples

6 6|The buckwheat will not grow old if it does not see the frost, and the wheat will not turn yellow if it does not eat the wind

5 7|Think more After threshing grain, we planted two types of mung beans and rice

7 5|Various types of sweet potatoes and rice, with high yields every year

4 4|Seedlings of first hemp, chaff of second hemp, and chaff of third hemp Frost

3 3 3 3|Spring is the time of planting, summer is the time of planting, spring competes with the sun, and summer competes with the time

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△ Hearing cicadas chirping in the rain indicates that sunny days are coming.

△In the morning, the earthworms hear the cicadas chirping, and in the evening, they welcome the rain.

△The sparrows are hoarding food and want snow to fall.

△It will rain in the ant nest.

△When the fish dives, it will rain.

△Swallows flying low are about to rain.

△The toad comes out of its hole and the rain is steady.

△ Turtle back tide, sign of rain.

△Earthworms crawled on the road, and the rain made it messy.

△The loach is quiet and the weather is sunny.

△The pig is holding the grass in its mouth, and the cold wave is coming.

△The chickens stay late, the ducks crow happily, and the wind and rain will come soon.