When is the best time to visit the former site of Huangpu Military Academy?

The best time to visit the former site of Huangpu Military Academy: Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, with no scorching heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The climate is pleasant all year round. It is a large city with the smallest average annual temperature difference in the country except Kunming. Guangzhou is humid and rainy in spring, and slightly hot in summer, with frequent typhoons. In autumn, the temperature is suitable, cool and windy, and the good weather lasts until November and December. It is most suitable for tourism. In spring and autumn, spring flower festivals and festivals are held in Yuexiu Park. Chrysanthemum exhibition, tourists who are interested in flowers can choose to visit at this time.

The Huangpu Military Academy is the Army Officer School. It is located on Changzhou Island in Huangpu. It was during the first cooperation period between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. Sun Yat-sen, with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union, established it in June 1924 in order to train military cadres. Founded in May. Military school students have participated in revolutionary wars many times and made significant contributions to China's revolutionary cause. During the Anti-Japanese War, the former site of Huangpu Military Academy was bombed. In 1964, a major renovation was carried out and it was basically restored to its original appearance. In 1984, the Huangpu Military Academy Site Memorial Hall was established. Now the memorial buildings at the former site include the Military Academy Gate, Sun Yat-sen Monument, Sun Yat-sen's Former Residence, Club, Swimming Pool, and the Tomb of the Martyrs of the Eastern Expedition. The former site and history of Whampoa Military Academy vividly demonstrate the history of the anti-imperialist and anti-warlord struggle between the two parties of the Kuomintang during the first Kuomintang cooperation period. The former site of Huangpu Military Academy is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Huangpu Military Academy is China’s first new military cadre school founded by Sun Yat-sen. School opened on June 16, 1924. Because the school is located on Cheung Chau Island (also known as Huangpu Island), it is commonly known as "Whampoa Military Academy". It was formerly known as the Guangdong Naval Academy, the Army Primary School in the late Qing Dynasty, and the Guangdong Naval School founded by the Guangdong government in 1912.

The Whampoa Military Academy was born during the first cooperation period between the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang. After the establishment of the military academy, both the Kuomintang and Kuomintang parties selected important cadres to serve at the school. Chiang Kai-shek served as the principal, Liao Zhongkai served as the representative of the Kuomintang Party, and Zhou Enlai, a Communist of China, served as the director of the Political Department. With the purpose of "creating a revolutionary army to save China from danger" proposed by Sun Yat-sen, the military academy takes "love and sincerity" as its motto, adopts an educational policy of equal emphasis on military and political affairs, and a combination of theory and practice, and cultivates students for the two parties of the country. A large number of military and political talents. As for the Kuomintang, nearly 40 Huangpu teachers and students were awarded the rank of general. As for the Communist Party of China, 5 of the ten marshals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were from Huangpu, 3 of the 10 generals were from Huangpu, and 8 of the 57 generals awarded the title in 1955 were teachers and students of Huangpu.

From 1924 to 1930, the first branch of Huangpu Military Academy was held in Changzhou for 7 periods, and branch schools were opened in Guangzhou, Chaozhou, Nanning, Changsha, Wuhan and other places. In 1930, the military academy moved to Nanjing, and then to Chengdu. By 1949, Huangpu Military Academy had enrolled 23 batches of students, with more than 30,000 graduates.

The Whampoa Military Academy is of great significance in both modern Chinese history and military history. The teachers and students of Huangpu were brave and tenacious in putting down the rebellion of the merchant group and the Eastern and Northern Expeditions. They were invincible and made immortal contributions. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Huangpu teachers and students joined hands again and made outstanding contributions to the struggle for national liberation.

Dock: The old man from Huangpu told his descendants: "My life completely changed from the moment I set foot on this pier."

In the summer of 2004, with the U.S. West Point Military Academy and the British Sandhorn The Whampoa Military Academy, known as the "Four Major Military Academies" and the "cradle of Chinese military strategists", together with the Royal Military Academy in Russia's Frunze Military Academy, has celebrated its 80th anniversary. At the Military Academy Pier on Changzhou Island in Guangdong, groups of old Huangpu people who came from all over the world for the "date of the century" stood by the river for a long time. Former comrades and enemies were speechless and burst into tears; an old man bent down tremblingly. , touching the wooden piles on the pier affectionately, and told the younger generations: "My life has completely changed from the moment I set foot on this pier."

80 years ago, for an area of ??only 9 square kilometers, For Cheung Chau Island, which stands in the middle of the river, this pier has always been the only way for the military academy to communicate with the outside world. For aspiring young people from all over the world, setting foot on this dock means giving up their prospects of doing business, farming, taking exams, becoming an official, etc., and boarding the first terminal of the revolutionary journey, turning a new page in their destiny.

This pier once captured many classic shots of the birth of the Whampoa Military Academy: in the early morning of June 16, 1924, Sun Yat-sen and his wife Soong Ching Ling landed here aboard the "Jianggu" ship to preside over the opening ceremony of the military academy; in the same year On November 13, when Sun Yat-sen went north to Japan to discuss state affairs, he passed by the "Yongfeng" ship and returned to the campus to say goodbye to the teachers and students. Back then, the slogan "Go to Huangpu!" was echoed all over the world. Thousands of young people from China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other countries traveled thousands of miles to land here to receive iron-blooded training; laden with support weapons and flying axes and sickles. Soviet ships with flags have sailed into the deep old dreams of old friends again and again

School Gate: There was a couplet posted on the pillars on both sides of the school gate: "Please go elsewhere to get promoted and make money, don't enter this gate if you are greedy for life and afraid of death." "

In the yellowed old photos, the wooden plaque of "Army Officer School" written by Kuomintang veteran Tan Yan_ hangs alone on the spire of the Whampoa Military Academy gate, which looks so simple that it is almost desolate. . However, behind this rebuilt European-style door lies a legend about ideals, loyalty, miracles, conspiracy, restlessness, and killing. The entanglement between China's two major political parties is full of variables, like the double helix of the historical gene chain. Any small mutation may completely change the face of today's China and the destiny of the people.

Once upon a time, there was a couplet posted on the pillars on both sides of the school gate, which said, "If you want to get promoted and make money, please go elsewhere. If you are greedy for life and afraid of death, don't enter this gate." In fact, almost all the big figures who influenced the Chinese revolution have passed through this gate - Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei, He Yingqin, Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying, Chen Geng, Lin Biao. Back then, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek and Liao Zhongkai, they wore Soviet style Among the huge crowds of people wearing yellow military uniforms and vying to see Sun Yat-sen and his wife at the school gate, how many fresh faces should be remembered by the times? How many names should be on the list of people who attended the opening ceremony and listened to Sun Yat-sen's speech on "Creating a Revolutionary Army to Save China from Peril" that shocked the world? With the flick of a finger, who can determine the rise and fall?

After Sun Yat-sen passed away, the legacy of "The revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work hard" was written on the east and west walls of the gate. The former Huangpu Branch of Guangdong Customs where Sun Yat-sen lived when he inspected the military academy was later called the "former residence of Sun Yat-sen". In 1930, the Sun Yat-sen monument was completed on the top of Bagua Mountain behind the military academy. Looking up from the bottom of the mountain, the climbing steps intersect with each other, forming a word "文" with the viewing platform and monument, implying the meaning of mourning Sun Wen.

On the day of the visit, we met an 84-year-old Huangpu man from Chengdu, Sichuan. He stood in front of the monument and softly chanted the "Ode to the Prime Minister's Portrait" on it: the way of a gentleman, the world is for the public; At that time, "we were just classmates and we were in our prime." At this moment, the spring of March passed away, and the whole city was full of silence.

School Headquarters: The comment on Chen Geng in the student directory is: "Weak in appearance, but stable in character, able to work hard and lead troops."

There are many branches of Huangpu Military Academy. The school building on the island is called the main school to distinguish it. The school building is a Lingnan ancestral hall-style courtyard, divided into three roads, left, middle and right, with two floors, upper and lower, connected by corridors on each floor. It has four entrances, each separated by a patio, with a total construction area of ??about 10,000 square meters. Under the leadership of the prime minister, principal, and party representatives, the school has six departments: politics, professors, coaches, management, military supplies, and military medicine. The total number of institutions is about 40, and it is like a strict kingdom isolated from the world.

Serving as the principal of Whampoa Military Academy was a milestone in Chiang Kai-shek's political and military career. In a corner facing west on the second floor of Zouma Building, we saw Jiang’s principal’s office. The interior is all decorated with Manchurian panes, wooden doors and wooden floors. The woven carpets on the floor and the accordion-shaped desk are quite aesthetic. Historical data shows that in the early days of the establishment of the school, Chiang Kai-shek worked hard and began to inspect the dormitories of the school as soon as the wake-up call sounded every morning. He personally taught and sang the school song, paid close attention to military discipline, and gave the military school the motto "Dear Sincerity", requiring students to be absolutely obedient and not afraid of sacrifice. He regarded the three books "Three People's Principles", "Zeng Guofan Family Letter" and "Bismarck" as treasures. Chiang Kai-shek attaches great importance to inspecting students. The first batch of student directory is posted on the wall of the principal's office. The comment column of "Victorious General" Chen Geng reads: "Weak in appearance, but stable in character, able to work hard and lead troops." But. It was this student who was considered "weak in appearance" in the eyes of the principal. During the Second Eastern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek, who was defeated and surrounded and wanted to "kill himself" in despair, escaped from danger and saved his life.

In the principal's office, Chiang Kai-shek had a historic meeting with Zhou Enlai, who had returned from studying in France and served as director of the political department of the military academy. Under the chairmanship of Zhou Enlai, the military academy creatively formulated a set of theories and systems for military political work based on the experience of the Soviet Red Army and China's actual conditions. In the early days of its establishment, the military academy allowed the dissemination of theories from different parties and schools, covering both the Three People's Principles and communism. The maximum number of political courses is 26, including "Modern History of China", "Introduction to Social Sciences", "Political Science", "Soviet Union Studies", etc. In addition to required courses, the Political Department also uses lectures, seminars, theatrical performances, publications, etc. to provide political education. Liu Shaoqi, He Xiangning, Lu Xun, etc. were invited by the Political Department to give speeches at the school, and Mao Zedong was invited to give a report on the peasant movement.

The Political Department is on the west side of the first floor of the Zouma Building. The indoor furnishings are simple, with only workbooks, document baskets, water glasses and other items.

Between the student dormitory and the classroom: Wu Peifu once lamented that his army was "not afraid of death", while the Huangpu Army was "unafraid of death". "The difference between victory and defeat lies in this."

The light gray military caps are all placed on the upper left side of the desk; the white sheets and military blankets are folded squarely on the wooden bed in the dormitory; the uniforms, washbasins, mouth cups, straw sandals and other items on the wooden boards are intact. A group of primary school students who had just visited the school headquarters were immediately attracted by the living environment of Huangpu students back then. They looked at it carefully outside the window, and the boiling air suddenly became quiet.

Today, Huangpu Military Academy receives a large number of students and company employees for visits and military training every year. Especially every summer, groups of "Whampoa soldiers" shuttle back and forth to the classrooms, dormitories, and playgrounds of the school headquarters. They wore old military uniforms from those days, ate grain rice from those days, slept on wooden beds wide enough for one person, and lined up neatly during drills at the training ground back then, with loud slogans and passionate expressions

Time is irreversible. The real life of a military academy is like a cup of fine tea, with a "bitter and sweet" taste: the students' daily life is "three exercises (three exercises)" and "two lectures" (two lectures), divided into infantry, Engineers, artillery, baggage and other departments receive education; in the halls, corridors, lecture halls, playgrounds, dining rooms, and even toilets on campus, you can see eye-catching slogans such as "Bi Xue Chun Qiu" and "Liberating the salary and tasting courage"; except on rainy days, students Every day, they had to line up for a marathon run of more than 10 miles around Cheung Chau Island, wearing only a shirt when it was the coldest. They had to eat three meals a day within 10 minutes. Later, when they were short of supplies, they used radish sprouts to satisfy their hunger; after dinner, students We sat on the ground in the playground and asked students from Guangdong to sing Cantonese opera, students from Southern Jiangsu to sing Tanci, Shandong people to tell storytelling, and Hakka people to sing folk songs; on weekends, groups of ten or eight took the transportation boat "Da Nanyang" and went straight to Guangzhou. In a bookstore, he "breathlessly" asked the clerk if he had "China Youth", "Creation Monthly", Guo Moruo's new poems and scripts; after searching for books and periodicals, they both ate a plate of "stir-fried rice noodles with eggs and beef"; they took to the streets to give speeches in support. Provincial and Hong Kong General Strike

The story of Huangpu athletes establishing great military prowess in actual combat has left endless daydreams to today’s young people who dream of serving in uniform. In the battle to put down the rebellion of the merchant group, 800 Huangpu student soldiers who had been enrolled for less than half a year made their first cry, and all 4,000 enemies surrendered in three days; in the two eastern expeditions, Huangpu teachers and students fought bloody battles and annihilated Chen Jiongming. The rebels did no harm to the people and won widespread support.

In the battle of Mianhu, the student army bravely defeated the enemy's 20,000-strong force with 3,000 troops, which was amazing at the time; during the Northern Expedition, the elite soldiers from Huangpu drank the Yangtze River and swept the Central Plains in just one year. Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang's hundreds of thousands of troops were annihilated, and Huangpu's reputation became extremely prosperous. Wu Peifu once lamented that his army was "not afraid of death", while the Huangpu Army was "unafraid of death". "This is the difference between victory and defeat."

There are tombs of martyrs who died in the Eastern Expedition on Changzhou Island. Garden and Northern Expedition Monument. In the cemetery, the souls who once "smelled each other's sweat and smiled at each other" sleep next to each other deep in the pines and cypresses.

The most famous school literary and art club is the "Blood Flower Drama Club", which means "the blood of revolution, the flower of doctrine".

It is located in the former site of the military academy and was completed in 1926. The club is one of the few facilities that has not been rebuilt. The club has a total area of ??about 2,000 square meters and can accommodate 4,000 people. It is tall and spacious. Many years ago, there were statues of Sun Yat-sen in military uniform, as well as the opium burning by Lin Zexu and the Shaji Massacre. Waiting for oil paintings.

Every festival or celebration, this is the place where theatrical performances are held. It is said that the largest celebration ever had a total of 6,000 guests, teachers and students, and the momentum was spectacular. The famous actor Jin Yanqiu of Guangzhou Daxin Company has performed here in plays such as "The Empty City Strategy", "Spinning Cotton", and "Coffin Splitting". The famous social butterfly Violet was also invited to perform dances at the school.

Among the school's own literary and artistic societies, the most famous is the "Blood Flower Drama Club", which means "blood of revolution, flower of doctrine". Anti-imperialist and anti-feudal plays such as "Give Me Back My Freedom", "Yalu River" and "Huanghuagang" performed by the drama club had a huge impact in Guangzhou, Wuhan and even on the war front. In Hankou, the theater company also shared the stage with the world-famous Duncan Dance Company, attracting huge crowds of viewers.

The club was not only filled with songs and laughter from teachers and students of the military academy, but also left behind appalling bloody scenes. After the "April 12" coup in 1927, Huangpu Military Academy carried out "party purge" activities in the club. More than 200 Communist Party members among the students were arrested here, and were later taken to Humen and Yuzhu Fort to be killed. It is said that only 1/3 of them escaped by diving. Since then, Whampoa Military Academy has been shrouded in white terror and has undergone qualitative changes.