How to guide children's cognitive observation

How to cultivate children's observation ability in scientific activities

In scientific activities, it is particularly important to cultivate children's observation ability, because observation is the basic point of all scientific research and an important way for people to know the world and acquire knowledge. Observability is not simply a single activity through the eyes, it is a comprehensive activity that integrates the senses such as vision, hearing and smell, and is closely combined with thinking activities. With good observation ability, we can better promote the cultivation of other abilities.

Keywords: ability to observe scientific activities

environment

interest

way

form

Observation is an important way for children to know nature and gain direct experience from society. All activities carried out in kindergartens are inseparable from observation. Observation plays a very important role in broadening children's horizons, enriching their knowledge and promoting their intellectual development. In my long-term preschool education practice, I intend to put forward my own views on how to cultivate children's observation ability for peer reference.

First, create an environment that children like to observe.

We often say that environment makes people. Although this sentence is not completely correct, the environment plays an important role in children's learning and development. In science education, taking observation as the basic means to create a good observation environment for children is the main guarantee to cultivate children's observation ability. Therefore, I carefully designed and rationally used the kindergarten environment. First, I take the outdoor green environment as the background: all kinds of flowers and trees, so that children can fully feel the vitality of nature and sprout the feelings of loving nature; Secondly, we should make rational use of various observation places of science education, such as "World Science Exploration Corridor", "Planting Area", "Natural Corner" and "Feeding Corner", so that children can wander around in a rich scientific environment with great interest and generate interest in learning science. For example, in the activity of observing seed germination in the "planting area", children are guided to plant broad beans in different sunny and cool environments at the same time. Through observation, the children found that although they were watered, the broad bean seedlings grew very luxuriantly in sunny places, but never grew well in places where they were not exposed to the sun. From this, children know that plants can't grow without boiling water. It is also inseparable from the sun. The above observation environment is all children's favorite and enlightening. They can cultivate children's feelings of "loving science", enrich children's cognition of "loving science" and broaden their horizons of "knowing science", thus developing children's most basic scientific quality.

Second, cultivate children's interest in observation.

Children explore the objective world through their own observation activities and gain direct scientific experience. Therefore, when guiding children to carry out scientific activities, we must take cultivating children's observation ability and stimulating children's observation interest as the starting point.

(1) It is to guide children to observe purposefully and in a planned way, and what to look for from observation. For example, in the scientific activities of "various clocks and watches", I prepared various clocks and watches for my children, including wall clocks, desk clocks, electronic watches, mechanical watches, exposure meter, toy watches and alarm clocks. , aroused the child's interest in observation. I use questions to guide children how to observe, such as: "There are many different clocks and watches here. See with your eyes and listen with your ears. What are their differences and similarities? " Let the children observe further with questions. For example, "Are these clocks and watches the same function?"? Have you ever seen a clock with special functions? " Through teachers' questioning and questioning of facts, children can be guided to change their observation objectives, which can effectively stimulate their curiosity and interest and let them know the different characteristics and functions of different clocks happily and comprehensively.

(2) Encourage and inspire children to ask questions. Observation can make children interested in all kinds of things, and strong interest will lead to further observation. During observation activities, children often ask questions out of curiosity. Teachers should be patient, give praise first, then give scientific answers, and guide them to continue to observe, analyze, compare and summarize. For example, why does the ceiling fan rotate? I told my children that there is a rotating shaft in the ceiling fan, which is electrically driven. When the child understood, I took the opportunity to ask the child "Why does the bicycle wheel turn and why does the alarm clock turn". Let children think, help them form the habit of observing things consciously, and cultivate their interest in observing things consciously.

Third, teach children the correct observation methods.

Teachers should not only cultivate children's interest in observing things around them, but also teach them how to observe and cultivate their keen observation ability.

First, guide children to observe with experiments. For example, to carry out the scientific activity of "eggs float", four containers containing three-fifths of fresh water, four eggs and some milk, brown sugar and edible salt are prepared for each group of children as soon as class begins, so that the children can play together and make the eggs float. The children were very interested and soon enjoyed themselves. Many children are so excited about their discovery that they are scrambling to tell their peers. At this time, the teacher asked "What did the children find through observation?" The children argued: "The eggs in fresh water, salt water, milk water and sugar water are all heavy, but the milk water turns white and the yellow sugar water turns red." I will guide the children to put more salt in the salt water and stir it with chopsticks to make the salt dissolve quickly and see what the difference is. At this time, the children excitedly raised their small hands and told me that when mixing salt water, the eggs seemed to float in the water, while when mixing fresh water and milk, the eggs just sank and shook. At this time, the teacher affirmed the child's discovery and let the child fully experience the joy of discovery in one attempt.

Secondly, guide children to observe more. Understanding things often begins with comparison, and only through comparison can we identify and understand the similarities and differences between one thing and another. In scientific activities, some phenomena are difficult for children to find or ignore, so it is difficult to complete the whole observation process. So I adopted the method of comparative observation, so that children can discover and observe the mystery in the process of comparative observation. This not only satisfies their thirst for knowledge, but also increases their talent, enhances their observation sensitivity and cultivates their observation ability. For example, in the scientific activity of "wonderful mirror", let children compare the difference between glass and plane mirror, concave lens and convex lens. Compare similarities and differences by looking, touching and taking photos. Through observation and comparison, we find that we can see what is in front of the glass through the glass, but we can only see ourselves through the glass. A flat mirror is made of glass, but its back is coated with mercury. We can't see what is in front of the mirror through the mirror, but we can see ourselves clearly from the mirror. This comparative observation method can help children grasp the similarities and differences of various things, the changes of phenomena and some internal relations between things, which plays a very important role in improving children's observation ability.

Third, guide children to observe with multiple senses. Multi-sensory observation is a way to observe things with the help of human senses. Human senses generally include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. When observing, seeing with your eyes, touching with your hands, smelling with your nose and tasting with your tongue will all contribute to a comprehensive understanding of things, train the comprehensiveness of observation, and deepen your impression of things in your mind. For example, during the scientific activities of "Colorful Soap", I prepared soaps with different shapes and colors for children, so that children could try to feel, see and smell the external characteristics of soap with the help of our different senses. The children were really interested, and some touched it with their hands, saying that the soap was hard, slippery, a little oily and a little sticky; Some smell it with their noses, saying that soap smells delicious, some smell like oranges, and some smell like lemons. Some introverted children look with their eyes. They are communicating with their peers and say, "The colors of soap are white, green and yellow, and the shapes are different." At this time, I encourage the children to introduce their findings to everyone. Through various sensory observation, children know that soap has various colors, shapes and tastes.

Fourth, organize various forms of observation activities.

It is very necessary to organize all kinds of observation activities, let children contact with all kinds of things in practice, observe all kinds of phenomena and cultivate children's observation ability.

(1) Organize children to observe in nature. Educator Chen Heqin once put forward that "nature and society are living teaching materials. We can learn and explore from it. " He emphasized that kindergarten education should be closely related to children's life, take nature and society as the classroom, combine children's psychological characteristics, and use heuristic methods to stimulate children's interest and imagination. Nature is a colorful material world, and I usually use all kinds of beautiful natural conditions to guide my children to observe. If spring comes, through the comprehensive activity of "What can you do in spring", lead children to observe outdoors, and learn that children can go for an outing and fly kites in spring, farmers are busy sowing seeds, and small animals climb out of mud holes to find food and so on. Autumn is coming. I chose a crisp and sunny day in autumn to take my children for an autumn outing. By observing all kinds of scenery in autumn, children know that autumn is the harvest season. Through personal experience, children will discover the changing laws and internal relations of things.

(2) Organize children to observe in society. If you visit the bank, you can see how the staff of the bank work together. They are serious,