What are the traditional cultures of our country?

What is my country’s traditional culture?

Chinese traditional culture mainly includes

-Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting, Chinese knots, Peking opera masks, shadow puppets, and martial arts

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-Qin bricks and Han tiles, terracotta warriors and horses, peach blossom fans, cloisonne, jade carvings, Chinese lacquerware, red lanterns (palace lanterns, gauze lanterns)

-Woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bells and tripods, and Han Dynasty bamboo slips

-Tea, Chinese medicine, the four treasures of the study (inkstone, writing brush, rice paper, ink), the four great inventions

-Vertical wire-bound books, paper-cutting, kites

-Buddhism, Taoism , Confucianism, magic weapon, yin and yang, Zen, Guanyin hands, filial piety clothes, paper money

-Musical instruments (flute, erhu, drum, guqin, pipa, etc.)

-Dragon and phoenix patterns (taotie pattern, Ruyi pattern, thunder pattern, back pattern, Ba pattern), auspicious cloud pattern, Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.), phoenix eye

- painted pottery, purple clay pot, batik, Chinese porcelain

-Ancient weapons (armor, swords, etc.), bronze dings

-Traditional Chinese paintings, Dunhuang murals, beautiful mountains and clear waters, freehand paintings, Tai Chi pictures

-Stone lions, flying apsaras, Tai Chi

-Couplets, door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, riddles, dumplings, lion dance, Mid-Autumn moon cakes

-Birdcages, bonsai, five-needle pine, moso bamboo, peony, plum blossoms, lotus

-Giant panda, carp, banana fan, bellows

-Black hair, yellow skin, red phoenix eyes

-Red flag, Tiananmen, five-pointed star, red scarf, red sun, Yangtze River, Yellow River

-Tang suit, embroidered shoes, tiger-head shoes, cheongsam, bellyband, bamboo hat, emperor's crown, queen's phoenix crown

-Clay figurines, hoes, Qing Dynasty braids, bronze mirrors, large sedan chairs, Hookah, snuff bottle, chopsticks

-Chinese watch, archway, Great Wall, gardens, temples, ancient bells, ancient pagodas, temples, pavilions, wells, loess, houses

-Chinese characters, numbers 8, 6, 4

- Tang poetry, Song lyrics, "Thirty-Six Stratagems", "The Art of War", "Journey to the West", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "The Book of Songs" 》

-Gold ingot, Ruyi, candlestick, compass, Bagua, Siman, chess pieces and chessboard, chess, Go

-Rickshaw, snuff bottle, birdcage, longevity lock, candied haws

- Jade pendants, eagles, thousand-layer bottom, embroidery, silk, eaves

In addition, there are various traditional festivals in our country, and many things have various etiquette and customs...

Every place also has local and ethnic characteristics. What are the traditional cultures of my country?

The definition of "culture" is often "the benevolent see the benevolent, the wise see the wisdom."

The traditional culture of China is the evolution of Chinese civilization. A kind of national culture that reflects the characteristics and style of the nation. It is the overall representation of various ideological cultures and ideological forms in the history of the nation. It refers to the Chinese nation and its ancestors living in China. To put it simply, it is a culture with distinctive national characteristics, a long history, profound connotation, and excellent traditions that has been inherited and developed by the Chinese nation from generation to generation.

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A general term for various national civilizations, customs, and spirits expressed in various forms.

1. The traditional culture of China has been interrupted in certain short historical periods. It has changed more or less in different historical periods, but generally it has not been interrupted.

2. China’s national characteristics. The culture is unique to China and is different from other national cultures in the world. 3. It has a long history of 5,000 years. 4. It is broad and profound.

"Broad" refers to the breadth of Chinese traditional culture - rich and colorful, and "profound" refers to the depth of Chinese traditional culture - unpredictable.

Benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, trust, loyalty, filial piety, brotherhood, integrity, forgiveness, courage, surrender; chess, calligraphy and painting, three hundred and sixty lines, the four great inventions, folk taboos, loyalty to the country , natural health, bamboo, folk songs, loess, Yangtze River, Yellow River, red, moon. Twelve zodiac signs: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, pig. Farmers and peasant uprisings; royal palaces, court culture, and imperial studies.

1. Hundreds of schools of thought

1. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi; thoughts: morality, inaction, freedom; "South China Classic", "Tao Te Ching", "Guanzi"

2. Confucianism (Confucius, "The Analects", Mencius, "Mencius", Xunzi; Thoughts: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith; four books: "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Great Learning", "Mencius" and "The Analects")

3. Legalism (Li Kui, Han Fei, Li Si, " Han Feizi's thoughts: centralized monarchy, ruling the country by law)

4. Mohism (Mozi, "Mozi", thoughts: universal love, non-aggression, promotion of talents, frugality)

5. Famous masters (Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gongsun Long, Huan Tuan's "Gongsun Longzi")

6. Yin-Yang family (Zou Yan, Five Elements, Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth)

7. Strategists (Gui Guzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, "Warring States Policy") 8. Miscellaneous writers (Lu Buwei's "Lu Shi Chun Qiu") 9. Novelists (Yu Chu's "Yu Shi Chun Qiu") "The Early Zhou Dynasty")

10. Military strategists (Sun Bin's "Sun Bin's Art of War", Sun Wu's "Sun Tzu's Art of War", Wu Qi, Wei Liao, Wei Wuji, and Bai Qi's thoughts: Know yourself and the enemy, and the military motto of being invincible in a hundred battles comes from this book. )

11. Physicians (Bian Que, Chun Yuyi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Wang Bing, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue)

2. Qinqi, calligraphy and painting

Flute, Erhu, Guzheng, Xiaodi, Drum, Guqin, Pipa. , "Sunset Flute and Drums", "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace", "White Snow in Spring", "Qiao Qiao Qiao"); Chinese chess, Chinese Go, game, chess pieces, chessboard; Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting, four treasures of the study (brush, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bells and tripods, Han Dynasty bamboo slips, vertical line-bound books; Chinese paintings, landscape paintings, freehand paintings; Dunhuang murals; Eight Horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi)

3. Traditional literature

Mainly refers to poetry, music, and poetry

"The Book of Songs", "Han Yuefu", "Sun Tzu's Art of War"; pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Tang poetry, and Song poetry. , Yuan opera, novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Four Great Classics ("Journey to the West", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin"), "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", etc.

4. Traditional Festivals

China has a variety of traditional festivals, and many things have various etiquette and customs. There are nearly 50 traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The following are the 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), and Flower Festival. Festival (Hundred Flowers Birthday), Shangsi Festival (March 3), Cold Food Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Ghost Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Stove Worship Day (small festival) Year), New Year's Eve. Each place also has local and national characteristics.

5. Chinese Opera

Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Qin Opera, Chao Opera, Kun Opera, Henan Opera, Qu Opera, Errenzhuan, Hebei Bangzi, Shadow Puppetry, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese Opera, Flower Drum Opera, Baling Opera, Puppet Show, Facial Makeup, Liyuan Opera, Gezi Opera, etc.

6. Chinese Architecture

Pavilions, archways, gardens and temples, bell towers, temples, pavilions, and houses

7. Chinese Characters

Chinese characters are one of the four major self-originating scripts in the world (the other three are Egyptian script, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan script). The only one in use today is still full of vitality and timeless.

As an outstanding representative of ideographic (morpheme) characters, Chinese characters dominate half of the world’s written language (the other half is composed of various letters and phonetic characters).

Chinese characters and the Chinese language they record are exquisite, and their artistry is the highest among all texts. The only arts in the world such as classical metrical poetry, couplets, word puzzles, and fortune-telling were produced.

Few writings can become an art, and none can reach the height of the art of Chinese calligraphy. The inscriptions, seal carvings, plaques, couplets, scales and fans are all exquisite.

Every stroke of Chinese characters reflects the wisdom and understanding of the world of our ancestors. The so-called Chinese philosophy is most vividly reflected in the structure of Chinese characters.

From the Spring Festival couplets and the inverted Chinese character "福" to the words "beckoning wealth and treasures" and the calligraphy and painting "Fu, Lu and Shou", there are also the fiery red characters "囍" in the bridal chamber and the solemn "Dian" in front of the mourning hall. Characters, Chinese characters are living folk customs and culture.

Chinese characters have maintained the unification of China for thousands of years. People from all over the world, ancient and modern, use the same Chinese characters, so communication is not hindered. People today can still read bamboo slips from the Qin and Han Dynasties, and steles from the Tang and Song Dynasties. This is a unique miracle among all civilizations in the world.

Couplets, riddles (lantern riddles), idioms, idioms, idioms, shots, drinking orders, limericks, etc...

8. Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine , "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic", "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Jia and B Jing", "Pulse Meridian", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Qian Jin Prescription", "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber"

9. Religious Philosophy

Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Zhouyi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Stem and Branch, Compass, Bagua, Divination, Feng Shui, Physiognomy, etc.

10. Folk Crafts

Trendy embroidery, paper-cutting, kites, Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dough figurines, dough sculptures, patterns (taotie pattern, wishful thinking pattern, thunder pattern, back pattern, Ba pattern, auspicious clouds), phoenix eyes , thousand layers of bottom, eaves, eagle

11. Chinese martial arts

Tai Chi, Wing Chun, Wudang, Xingyi, Shaolin

12. Regional culture

Central culture, Chaoshan culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs,

13. Traditional music

refers to China Music created by people using their own nation's inherent methods, adopting their own nation's inherent forms, and having their own nation's inherent morphological characteristics includes not only ancient works produced in history and passed down to this day, but also contemporary works. It can be seen that traditional music includes "Chinese music" but not "new music", but they are all "Chinese music".

Traditional music is an extremely important part of Chinese national music. The difference between traditional music and new music does not lie in the order of creation, but in its form of expression and stylistic characteristics. For example, the Erhu solos "The Moon Reflects on Two Springs" and "Fishing Boats Sing Evening" are modern music works, but their performance forms are unique to the Chinese nation, so they are also traditional music. On the contrary, the school songs and the piano solo "Shepherd Boy Piccolo" are not traditional music because their musical form characteristics are borrowed from Western music.

The classification of traditional music was first seen in the "Introduction to National Music" compiled by the China Music Research Institute, and is divided into five major categories: songs, song and dance music, rap music, opera and instrumental music. However, most colleges and universities do not use it in teaching. Song and dance music was merged into folk songs, so it became four major categories: folk songs, national instrumental music, folk art (i.e. "rap") music, and opera music.

In fact, "ethnic music", "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "ethnic music" includes traditional music and new music; while "folk music" is just traditional music A category of music. Moreover, China's national music is very rich. In addition to folk music, it also includes court music, religious music and literati music.

Mr. Du Yaxiong classified Chinese traditional music as follows: folk music, literati music, religious music, and court music; folk music includes folk songs, folk instrumental music, folk songs and dances, opera music, and rap music; literati music Including guqin music, poetry recitation tunes, and literati's own tunes; religious music includes Taoist music, Buddhist music, Islamic music, shamanism and other religious music; palace music includes sacrificial music, court music, welcome and parade music, and banquet music .

"Traditional Opera"

The "Four Big Tune" of Opera

The four tunes are brilliant and have an impact on opera;

Kunshan The tune has been improved and artistically created.

Yiyang tune has a strong rhythm, adding rolling white, and the tone is high-pitched;

Bangzi tune has a loud sound and a bitter sound, which can be used skillfully.

Pihuang tune, two combined into one, is called Erhuang, and Xipi;

Xipigang, Erhuang suppresses it, and later developed into Peking Opera.

Among the vocal tunes, Kunshan tune, Yiyang tune, Bangzi tune and Pihuang tune are the typical ones.

Top ten famous Chinese classical songs: "Mountains and Flowing Waters", "Three Plum Blossom Alleys", "Moonlight Night on the Spring River", "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace", "White Snow in Spring", "Questions and Answers of Fishermen and Woodcutter", "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" ", "Guangling San", "Pingsha Luoyan", "Ambush from Flying Daggers".

14. Chinese Couplets

Couplets, also known as couplets or antithetical couplets, are antithetical couplets written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood, or pillars. Deep, neatly contrasted, and harmonious between oblique and oblique, it is a unique art form of the Chinese language with one word and one sound. According to legend, the couplet originated from Meng Chang, the lord of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.

Couplets originated in the Qin Dynasty and were called Taofu in ancient times. Regarding the earliest couplets in China, Mr. Tan Chanxue wrote an article in the fourth issue of "Literary and Historical Knowledge" in 1991 and pointed out that the earliest couplets in China appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

The time span is from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In ancient Chinese poetry, some relatively neat couplets appeared very early on. Several ancient ballads that have been passed down to this day have seen their origins. Such as "Dig a well to drink, plow the field to eat", "Work when the sun rises, rest when the sun sets" and so on. By the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, couplets were even more common. There are some neat parallel sentences in the hexagrams and lines of the "Book of Changes", such as: "The faint can see, the lame can walk." (Hexagram "63" of "Lu"), "First ascend to the sky, and then enter the earth. " (Hexagram "Shang Liu" of "Ming Yi") Dual and neat sentences are more common in "Yi Zhuan", such as: "Look up to observe the astronomy, and look down to observe the geography" ("Xici Xizhuan"), " The same sound corresponds to the same air, the water flows moistly, the fire becomes dry, the clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger... then each one follows its own kind."

Rhythm and couplet, a couplet in metrical poetry. This style of poetry, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but its origins can be traced back to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Cao Wei Dynasty, Li Deng wrote ten volumes of "Sheng Lei" and Lu Jing wrote five volumes of "Yun Ji", which distinguished clear and voiced sounds and Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu sounds. In addition, Sun Yan wrote "Erya Sound and Meaning" and used Fanqie notation. He was the founder of Fanqie.

Chinese traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, lyrics, music, fu, national music, national drama, folk art, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, lantern riddles, Shefu, drinking orders, idioms, Taoist culture, Zen Buddhism culture, food culture, filial piety culture, charity culture, traditional Chinese medicine culture, etc.; traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival (Lunar New Year) on the first day of the first lunar month, Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, and Chinese Valentine's Day on the seventh day of the lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, New Year's Eve on the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month, and various folk customs; ancient Chinese natural sciences, including the traditional calendar, and the traditions of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the Chinese nation. Culture is also an integral part of Chinese traditional culture.

15. Famous Mountains and Rivers

China’s Five Mountains: Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan, Songshan, and Taishan.

Ancient Taoist holy places for cultivating immortality: Mount Wutai in Shanxi, Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Jiuhua in Anhui, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang, etc.

There are four famous Taoist mountains: Mount Qingcheng, Mount Longhu, Mount Wudang, Mount Qiyun .

Buddhism has four famous mountains: Mount Wutai in Shanxi, Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Jiuhua in Anhui, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang...

Don’t look at the mountains when you return from the Five Mountains, and don’t look at the mountains when you return from Huangshan!

The Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Liaohe River, Haihe...

Mainly include the following aspects

1. Traditional customs (passed down from generation to generation) fashions, etiquette and habits)

2. Traditional architecture

3. Traditional literature and art (represented by ancient literature, traditional opera, traditional painting, etc.)

4 .Traditional thought (Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

Hope to adopt it