North Guangdong, how does Guangdong fill this short board?

Recently, Guangdong Province announced the overall development plan from 2020 to 2035. Guangdong province clearly pointed out in the planning that it is necessary to build a development pattern of "one core, one belt and one area", with one core as the core development area of the Pearl River Delta, one area as the coastal economic belt dominated by eastern and western Guangdong, and one area as the ecological development area centered on northern Guangdong. The future development of Guangdong will be based on "Three Ones".

The plan to make such a deployment stems from the uneven development of Guangdong: Guangdong has been the first brother of the national economy since 1989 and has won the championship for 32 consecutive years; However, it should not be overlooked that 80% of Guangdong's brilliant economic aggregate belongs to the Pearl River Delta, while the eastern and western regions of Guangdong, which are also coastal, each account for only 6%. Nevertheless, the eastern and western regions of Guangdong are listed as the main battlefields of economic development in the new period. With the coastal advantages of the eastern and western regions of Guangdong, the future can be expected.

However, northern Guangdong, which accounts for about 36% of Guangdong Province, opened late because of the division of mountainous areas, with a total amount of only about 5%. How to narrow the gap between "rich bay area" and "poor mountainous area" has become an urgent problem for Guangdong's development.

According to the barrel effect in economics, how much water a bucket can hold depends on the shortest wooden board: there is no doubt that the key to Guangdong's future development lies in breaking the barrier between "rich bay area" and "poor mountainous area".

Northern Guangdong, which occupies nearly half of Guangdong Province, is a huge and complex regional economy. Its typical characteristics are mountainous areas with inconvenient transportation, with backward heavy industry and resource industry as the pillar industries, or areas with small agriculture as the mainstay and backward light industry as the supplement.

Northern Guangdong can be divided into five parts: Qingyuan City, Shaoguan City, Heyuan City, Meizhou City and Yunfu City (generally speaking, Yunfu area is western Guangdong).

As a Cantonese, Guangzhou reminds me of Midea, Netease and Country Garden, and Shenzhen reminds me of Vanke, Tencent, DJI and BYD. But when I think of Qingyuan, I can only think of many local chickens running fast, think of Heyuan, think of Lvwan Lake and drifting, think of Shaoguan, and maybe only Danxia Mountain. ...

In a sense, the loneliness in northern Guangdong is a microcosm of slow economic development and backward local influence.

However, northern Guangdong has never been brilliant: Shaoguan in northern Guangdong has always been the second largest city in Guangdong in the 1960s and 1970s, and it was established as early as 1975; Not only that, China's first airplane, first electric fan, washing machine and desktop computer were all born in Shaoguan. Shaoguan Iron and Steel Plant, Shaoguan Smelter, Shaoguan Excavator Factory, Fankou Lead-zinc Mine, Dabaoshan Mine and many other industrial enterprises are many young people born in the 1960s and 1970s in Guangdong. Shaoguan is not only the title of "Zinc Capital of China", but also a heavy industry city in Guangdong after Guangzhou.

Shaoguan is not the only once powerful prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong. From 65438 to 0999, Guangdong Province held a conference on the comprehensive development of mountainous areas, and put forward that "learning from Gaozhou in the west and learning from Meizhou in the east", and Meizhou was in full swing.

Meizhou once owned Xingning Coal Mine, the largest coal mine in Guangdong Province. Xingning has been established for 30 years, producing 0/9.96 million tons of coal, and there were more than 30,000 employees in the glorious period. 1987, there was no enterprise with an output value of over 100 million in Meizhou. By 2007, there were 8 enterprises with output value 1 100 million yuan 18 in Meizhou, including 5 enterprises with output value of 654.38+0 billion yuan. The copper in Meixian, limestone in Jiaoling, porcelain clay in Tai Po, coal in Xingning and iron in Pingyuan are rich in reserves and high in grade, making Meizhou a resource-based city in Guangdong.

However, the glory of a few urban areas in northern Guangdong does not represent the backwardness of the vast rural areas in northern Guangdong:1Lianping County, Heyuan in the 1990s, is only over 200 kilometers away from the Pearl River Delta, and is almost the same as Guangzhou to Shenzhen, which does not seem to be "far".

However, in that era when there were no Shantou-Kunming Expressway and Daguang Expressway, Heyuan had just withdrawn from the county to set up a city, but before the opening of Jiulianshan Tunnel, the agriculture here was in an embarrassing situation of "relying on the sky to eat"; No matter chemical fertilizers, improved varieties and market exports, we have to wait for foreign transportation, not to mention Heping and Longchuan counties farther away.

Even Shang Ping Town, a famous town in Lianping County, will not win the reputation as the hometown of agricultural and sideline products such as mushrooms and chickpeas until the 105 national highway and Daguang Expressway are connected.

The glory of the former city can't hide the loneliness of today: in 2011year, with the approval of the State Council, Shaoguan became the third batch of resource-exhausted cities in China and began to embark on a difficult road of transformation. Meizhou is not optimistic either. In the urban population flow in 20 19, the net outflow population of Meizhou was close to1070,000.

Behind the embarrassing situation of "the train runs fast and depends on the front" and "the leader" is the reality that there are not many industrial jobs in northern Guangdong, the remaining jobs are not refined, and there is not much room for development, so it is difficult to retain young people.

There are many reasons for the economic backwardness in northern Guangdong, but the most important one is the traffic artery that has been absent for a long time in northern Guangdong.

If you want to be rich, build roads first. The geographical disadvantage of "eight mountains, one water and one field" in northern Guangdong is doomed to form a high-density road network. In industrial society, the speed and cost of commodity circulation largely determine whether the local economy can gain a place in the market.

Although "the bridge is in Guangdong and the road is in Shandong" was famous for a while, the opening of Shaoguan section of Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, the first mountainous expressway in Guangdong Province, was still late until 2003. Meizhou is also facing difficulties. Until 2005, Meihe Expressway, the first expressway from Meizhou to the Pearl River Delta, was officially opened to traffic.

As the "artery" of economic development, traffic has no time to develop industry. Meizhou, as a "guest capital of the world", is by no means a minority of people who return home to invest. However, in the 1990s, overseas Chinese businessmen often joked that investing in the Pearl River Delta was "three supplements and one supplement", while investing in Meizhou was "one supplement and three supplements", because it took a whole day for overseas Chinese businessmen at that time to come to Meizhou from the Pearl River Delta, not only to mend their backs and spirits, but also to mend their tires.

It is not only difficult for outsiders, but also for internal communication: the distance from Longjie Town in Heyuan to the central town was only 50 kilometers, but it took one day to get to the town center by tricycle and get on a minibus. Not to mention the bumps all the way, there are people carrying chickens, ducks and even pigs in the car, and the sewage is flowing and stinking.

Inconvenient transportation leads to industrial limitations in northern Guangdong. In the 1990s, the pillar industries in northern Guangdong were mainly light industries such as furniture, textiles, plastics and cosmetics, or heavy industries or mining industries such as nonferrous metals, steel and electricity with obvious economic benefits but serious pollution, supplemented by local fragmentary agriculture.

After nearly 30 years of traffic development, several development arteries have been added in northern Guangdong: Jiguang, Guanghe, Shen Chang, Daguang and Erguang expressways. Theoretically speaking, getting through the expressway is the key to get through the main artery of social and economic development in northern Guangdong. But in fact, the connection of expressways has two sides for northern Guangdong.

The sudden access to traffic, of course, allows cheap Pearl River Delta goods to quickly enter northern Guangdong. The township light industry in northern Guangdong is not strong in itself, but it can rely on high logistics costs to compete with enterprises in the Pearl River Delta after years of brutal competition. The development of transportation has broken this obstacle, and these local enterprises are naturally eliminated by the market because of their weak competitiveness and poor quality.

The decline in transportation costs not only causes many industrial gaps in many areas in northern Guangdong, but also gives young people reasons for the development of the Pearl River Delta. "Man struggles upwards." Young people may not want to work outside alone, but it is difficult to accept the dilemma of "first-line price, second-line house price, third-line positioning and fourth-line salary" economically and psychologically.

When young people and enterprises can't stay, a region naturally loses the motivation of economic development.

Retaining people means retaining development, and retaining high-quality jobs means retaining people. Whether it is "East, West, North and South, Guangdong makes a fortune" or "coming from Shenzhen", in the final analysis, there is only one wish: the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development.

The short board in northern Guangdong is the blank of the industry, the inconvenience of being surrounded by mountains and the weakness of the industry.

But on the other hand, isn't this a potential board in northern Guangdong? However, the blank of the industry has a better ecological environment, slower pace of survival, wider development land and healthier quality of life. Green mountains and green hills can be transformed into Jinshan Yinshan at the right time.

What is the right opportunity? We should base ourselves on three goals.

First, change your mind. Undoubtedly, the traditional perspectives of industrialization and urbanization are inherently inadequate, but forestry, aquaculture, ecological agriculture and incidental tourism based on ecological development are all promising: cinnamon medicine in Luoding, Yunfu, hot springs in Tang Tang, Dendrobium in Li Anping and Heyuan. ...

Secondly, the government takes the lead in introducing and retaining young talents. It is not difficult to find that the poorer the area, the worse the treatment of village officials, the less attention the government pays, and the lack of upward channels leads to slack and brain drain.

Only when the government plays an exemplary role and provides more generous treatment and subsidies can we retain young people. "Put down your body, drink soju, swear, and bow your head." It is the key to let young people truly integrate into regional development and blow new ideas to old places instead of temporary platforms.

Finally, provide fertile soil for young people to leave the countryside. The development of northern Guangdong depends on rural revitalization, and rural revitalization depends on industrial development: it is the only way to support the future development of a region to build local characteristic agriculture, combine the advantages of young people's internet information, connect with the vast foreign market, launch local industrial brands and strengthen the industrial chain.

A wise man corrects his own mistakes through the mistakes of others. I believe that in the next 30 years, northern Guangdong will have another "gorgeous turn".

References:

Overall Development Plan of Guangdong Development Zone (2020-2035); Heyuan Municipal Bureau of Statistics Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development in 2006 5438+0. Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Statistics; An empirical analysis of the regional economic development gap in guangdong province. Developing Mountain Economy and Revitalizing Guangdong Finance. Yang Weihua

* This article is provided by the author and does not represent the position of Geo Valley.