Who should be responsible for the "school bullying" is the primary task of the Ministry of Education and how to prevent it.

"school bullying is not a phased and regional issue, but a worldwide long-term objective issue." Geng Shen believes that "this is an external manifestation that individuals have to show their strength in adolescence, strive for power and respect, and do not know how to deal with ignorance."

"The school bullying problem is the result that utilitarian education only pays attention to knowledge education and ignores students' life education, psychological education, legal system and rules education outside knowledge. School education should return to the essence of educating people. "

"These children are crazy. Is this something that minors do? " Until now, Tian Xuejuan still can't accept the fact that her son was killed by her classmates.

On April 23rd, 20 16, Tian Xuejuan's son, Zhang Chaofan, a 5-year-old dropout from Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, was beaten to death by six 15-and 16-year-old classmates at the same school in the Internet cafe. Tian Xuejuan recalled that the child was beaten for three or four hours, and still felt unbearable.

This is another vicious school bullying incident on 20 16. 2065438+On April 28th, 2006, junior two students of Sandu Middle School in Pengshui County, Chongqing were beaten to death by classmates in the toilet. On April 22, girls in Baoding campus of Hebei Province were forced to kneel, undress and slap; On March 3, a senior three girl from Tianjiabing Experimental Middle School in Huangshan City, Anhui Province was drugged by three male students in her class. ...

The frequent incidents in school bullying have attracted the attention of the national level. On May 9th, the Office of the Education Steering Committee of the State Council issued the Notice on Carrying out Special Governance in school bullying (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), requiring all primary and secondary schools in various places to conduct special governance on school bullying's behavior of bullying and insulting among students intentionally or maliciously through physical means, language and the Internet.

A nationwide campaign to clean up school bullying has begun.

The most important thing is to change your mind.

After her son left, Tian Xuejuan saw in the student chat group that "Zhang Chaofan was beaten almost every day" and "scared to run out of school at that time", only to know that it was common for children to be beaten every day. To Tian Xuejuan's surprise, Zhang Chaofan dropped out of school in March this year. Even so, the beatings continued from school to outside school.

Frequent incidents in school bullying have attracted the attention of the Ministry of Education. "If you ask, what is the biggest pressure on the Ministry of Education now, I will tell you that it is safe." During the 20 16 session, Yuan Guiren, Minister of Education, said: "Campus safety is the top priority. Without security, education cannot be discussed, and growth and success cannot be discussed. "

"In recent years, incidents in school bullying have occurred frequently, and they have been widely spread in the whole society with the help of the Internet and mobile terminals, with a bad influence." Geng Shen of Beijing Institute of Education believes that "the notice issued by the State Council Supervision Office shows that the country has realized this and started to pay attention to it at the national level."

After the announcement, Anhui, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and other places have launched special governance actions. On May 12, Anhui Province officially issued a document, requesting to start the special treatment of school bullying in the province's primary and secondary schools (including secondary vocational schools). On May 13, the Education Department of Hainan Province issued a circular saying that "units and individuals with poor work and serious problems will be given informed criticism until they are held accountable." On May 18, Guangxi Education Department held a video conference on the safety and stability of primary and secondary schools in Nanning, indicating that special rectification actions in school bullying will be concentrated from May.

At the same time, many schools also cooperate with the local public security law departments to carry out rectification actions. On May 1 1, three juvenile trial judges from Zhumadian, Henan Province went to Yangfeng Township, suiping county, and gave a special legal education class on 1000 for more than teachers, students and parents. On the morning of May 12, the police of the special patrol detachment of Tai 'an Public Security Bureau organized anti-school bullying propaganda activities in primary and secondary schools under their jurisdiction.

"To govern school bullying, the most important thing is to change the concept." Pi Yijun, director of the Research Center for Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice of China University of Political Science and Law, said in an interview with the media, "It is important to form environmental prevention rather than governance for bullying."

"They bully you like a small animal."

Regarding the definition of "school bullying", there is no * * knowledge in the domestic education circle. According to Pi Yijun, "school bullying" is not a legal term or a specific legal charge. Generally refers to physical, psychological and spiritual aggression, which mainly occurs among students at school.

School bullying can be divided into two types according to the means of implementation: one is physical violence, that is, attacking another individual with a body or an object, such as beating, slapping, shoving, kicking, sexual assault, etc. The other is psychological violence, which hurts others' psychology through non-physical contact, such as abuse, threat, intimidation, isolation, cyber violence and so on.

Ordinary people don't know much about school bullying. In the Q&A community in Zhihu, a question titled "How serious can school bullying be?" . As of May 24th, it has been watched 420,000 times, with 3,294 people following it and getting 679 replies. The poster thinks, "Isn't school bullying just hitting each other? Why are so many people making a fuss? "

School bullying is actually composed of "3+ 1", namely bullies, bullied people, onlookers and bullying tools. In recent years, the public feels that the school bullying incident has increased sharply, which is closely related to the popularity of the Internet and mobile terminals.

Since 20 15, Geng Shen, a researcher at Beijing Institute of Education, and his research team have carefully studied the school bullying incident in China. He watched a lot of bullying videos, one of which was quite scary: a bully held a hollow brick above his head and hit the victim on the head with a run-up method. Geng Shen told Southern Weekend: "There are actually solid boulders around, so it can be seen that bullies don't want to kill people. He bullied his classmates in a more intense and exaggerated way because some bullies will have a tendency to perform because of the spread of online videos. "

The post "How Serious Can school bullying Be" on Zhihu received more than 700 praises with a reply. "People standing on the bridge will not understand how painful it is for people drowning at the bottom of the bridge." Yang Ping, a graphic designer in Beijing, is a drowning man at the bottom of a bridge. Yang Ping is afraid to watch school bullying's frequent videos on the Internet, because it will constantly pull her back from her stable real life to her previous campus memories.

Yang Ping, 27, lives in a small town in Luzhou, Sichuan. Yang Ping is a foreigner with a bad accent and can't play games with local children. Besides, her academic performance and family conditions are not very good. From elementary school to high school, there are always four or five boys in her class who will bully her, punch and kick, tear her exercise books and rob her of things. "Sometimes diaries are read out in public." Yang Ping told Southern Weekend. "They bully you like a small animal." Even after more than ten years, Yang Ping often fell into anger and fear.

About school bullying, Liu Ming from Jingmen, Hubei Province had an unspeakable experience, because he used to be a bully. In the third year, Liu Ming and several classmates went out to surf the Internet privately at night, and happened to meet the PE teacher to check the dormitory. Roommate Zhang Hui said, "All three people are online." Liu Ming and two other students were punished by the teacher.

In retaliation, when they came back, they tied Zhang Hui's hands, kicked him in the stomach and peed on his head. One of the students named "Fatty" bullied him the most. He asked Zhang Hui for money and poured foot washing water on his bed. Liu Ming later thought it was too much. He stopped participating, but he didn't stop it.

Bullying lasted for two or three months. Zhang Hui lost a lot of weight and her academic performance declined. Moreover, as long as the class is over, he is afraid. The most serious one was that the fat man hit Zhang Hui in the toilet, took off his outer pants and pushed Zhang Hui out of the toilet wearing only underwear. At that time, many girls also saw him, which left a great psychological shadow on Zhang Hui. Later, Zhang Hui never went to school again.

According to Lu, a middle school teacher in Dalian who has been teaching for more than 30 years, "compared with physical conflicts, adolescent children suffer more serious self-esteem trauma because of privacy exposure. This kind of injury has a long-term impact on students' personality and body and mind. "

Geng Shen also found that bystanders played an important role in bullying incidents. "When there are no bystanders, the bad nature of bullying will decrease and the bullying time will be shortened. The more people onlookers, the greater the pleasure of the bully and the pain of the bullied. "

Who is school bullying to blame?

Behind the school bullying incident, there are very complicated causes.

"school bullying is not a phased and regional issue, but a worldwide long-term objective issue." Geng Shen believes that "this is an external manifestation of an individual's need to show his strength, strive for power and respect during adolescence, and it is also because he does not know how to deal with ignorant emotions."

On May 16, Liang Wendao, a Hong Kong writer, also mentioned that in East Asian culture, he believed in the law of the jungle. When children fight, parents often have the idea of "not being bullied" and "can fight back".

Liang Wendao recalled his junior high school life in a boys' school. /kloc-more than 0/000 teenagers live together day and night. Boys not only have the instinct of a little beast, but also want to express themselves and dominate others' competitive psychology, and they are also afraid of being bullied. When the whole campus is filled with such an atmosphere, "everyone wants to bully others."

When Liang Wendao was bullied by his classmates, he began to bully others. Every time he was bullied, Liang was unconvinced and always resisted. Until one time, he dismantled a chair and smashed the corner of the chair at a senior classmate. After the man fainted on the spot, "no one dared to bully me, so I began to build my mountain and my rights."

Some researchers in school bullying have found that it is difficult for school bullying to stop when violence becomes the solution to bullying. If it happens that there is no anti-bullying atmosphere in the school, the teacher fails to provide justice for the victims in time, and other students are unwilling to help the victims, then the victims often feel isolated.

After her son Zhang Chaofan was beaten by her classmates, Tian Xuejuan always wanted to ask the school for an explanation. Tian Xuejuan was very angry when she learned that the teacher actually knew the fact that Zhang Chaofan was beaten every day. "What did the school and teachers do in the whole thing? What responsibility have you done? " Tian Xuejuan told Southern Weekend that she had visited the school twice, but Huajin School avoided meeting her parents on the grounds that "the students had dropped out of school and the incident was not at school".

On May 19, Southern Weekend contacted and interviewed Jiangxian Education Bureau. A staff member of the bureau said, "After the incident, the Education Bureau cooperated with the investigation, held a special meeting and issued relevant regulations. The document has been issued to various schools, requesting the rectification of school bullying. "

In fact, school teachers also have their own difficulties in supervising bullying incidents. School bullying events often occur in dormitories, toilets, the corner of stairs or on the way to and from school, which is difficult to detect. In an interview with Southern Weekend, many teachers said that they can only learn the news through observation or student reports. "Plus bullied children often choose to endure silently and will not take the initiative to tell the teacher, so bullying is difficult to be discovered in time."

You Jiangnan, a native of Quanzhou, Fujian, with a teaching experience of 14 years, told Southern Weekend that because teachers are given limited power in management, discipline and punishment, "what teachers can do is mostly oral education and ask for an apology to the victims. Students can neither be dismissed nor expelled, so there is no effective deterrent. Most students stop for a while, and it won't be long before they start to make trouble again. "

265438+The Xiong Bingqi Research of the 20th Century Institute of Education found that there are reasons why teachers are indifferent to school bullying. The school failed to protect teachers' rights in time when dealing with the contradiction between teachers and students, which led to teachers being in a weak position. Over time, many teachers have adopted the attitude of "turning a blind eye" to students' bad behavior, "whatever should be done, don't do what should be done".

Besides, family education had a great influence on the school bullying incident. Liu Ming from Jingmen, Hubei Province always remembers that because of his father's two slaps, he realized that bullying was a wrong thing.

Knowing that he bullied his classmates at school, Liu Ming's father took him to Zhang Hui's house to apologize and gave him two slaps. "After the first slap, I said this slap is to tell you not to bully honest people. Before I came to my senses, I slapped you again, saying that this slap is to tell you never to be a villain, and this villain will get what he deserves. "

After listening to these two sentences, Liu Ming seemed to be awakened at once, and he never dared to bully his classmates again.

"Let school education return to the essence of educating people"

20 16 1 month, an incident in which an international student from China was sentenced for bullying his classmates in California caused great repercussions in China. Finally, three China students suspected of abuse and kidnapping were sentenced to 13, 10 and 6 years respectively.

Coincidentally, school bullying was recently sentenced in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. 2016 May 18, four girls from a secondary school in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province were sentenced to 6 months' imprisonment and 4 months' criminal detention respectively for the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles, beating, taking naked photos of the other party, robbing property and bullying classmates. All four girls are over 16 years old and under 18 years old.

Comparing two cases at home and abroad, one view is that China's laws are too lenient to minors, and according to the provisions of the Law on the Protection of Minors, minors under the age of 14 are not criminally responsible. Some people suggest that anti-school violence laws should be enacted to increase the crime of bullying or lower the age limit of criminal responsibility.

Pi Yijun, director of the Research Center for Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice of China University of Political Science and Law, disagrees with this view. "It is not legal punishment at all to rectify the school bullying issue." He told Southern Weekend, "I don't advocate heavy punishment, but it should be handled by administrative or civil means first."

"Bullying is widespread in China's campus. Old classmates bully new classmates, boys bully girls, those with money bully those without money, and those with good grades bully those with poor grades. " In Pi Yijun's view, "school problems are based on scores, and teachers don't take these problems seriously. I think we should start from the source and deal with minor bullying seriously. "

As for how to deal with the school bullying incident, officials have already begun to think. At the beginning of 2015165438+10, Geng Shen and his team invited educators, principals and teachers in primary and secondary schools to discuss bullying and intervention. A deputy director of the Ministry of Education also attended the meeting as a researcher. In addition, in recent years, the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and other ministries and commissions have also introduced many rules and regulations to maintain campus safety.

However, there is no national survey on school bullying in China, which makes it very difficult to formulate intervention measures in school bullying. Southern Weekend learned from Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences that in the second half of this year, the institute will conduct a nationwide survey on the incidence of bullying among students in compulsory education for the first time. At present, the draft of the questionnaire has been formed and is still being further revised.

Mottled Jun is the head of the NGO project "Against school bullying and Bullying Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity". From 20 12, he officially participated in social intervention in school bullying. He told Southern Weekend, "Third-tier cities and cities, remote areas, and even further rural areas can't get data support. In fact, bullying in these areas has become more serious in recent years. "

"Overall, we are still in the initial stage of preventing bullying." Geng Shen told the reporter of Southern Weekend, "The most basic and important principle to prevent bullying incidents is' prevention first, nip in the bud'. In response to school bullying, parents, teachers, schools, education administrative departments, supervision departments, public security departments, medical departments, psychological counseling institutions and communities in society should form a joint force. "

An education expert interviewed by Southern Weekend believes that for parents, no matter whether their children are bullied or not, they should fully exchange views with their teachers. Education administrative departments should regularly train teachers and parents to improve their ability to identify signs of school bullying, so as to stop bullying in the bud.

Xiong Bingqi also believes that the school bullying issue is the result that utilitarian education only attaches importance to knowledge education and ignores students' life education, psychological education, legal system and rules education except knowledge. He advocated that "school education should return to the essence of educating people".

"Schools should not only pay attention to legal education, but also pay attention to the education of human rights and life dignity." Pi Yijun told Southern Weekend, "Schools should be called upon to allocate special class hours for similar education and make great efforts to stop it."