Where the ecological environment has been seriously damaged

Minjiang River is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, which originated at the southern foot of Minshan Mountain. Its main stream flows through1.062km, along the way, it joins the important tributaries such as Heishui River, Zagunao River, Dadu River and mabian river, and joins the Yangtze River in Yibin. (However, some people think that the Dadu River, where Leshan meets, is the real source of the Minjiang River system, because the total water volume from the confluence of Leshan to the source of Minjiang River is far less than that of Dadu River, and the length of this tributary is not as good as that of Dadu River. Dujiangyan was built on the Minjiang River by the famous Warring States. It is an important water conservancy project to moisten the Chengdu Plain, and it is still playing an irrigation role. Perhaps because the ancients didn't know enough about Jinsha River, the source of the Yangtze River, Minjiang River was mistaken for the source of the Yangtze River for a long time in ancient times.

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Minjiang River system Minjiang River, also known as Wenjiang and Daojiang, is named after "Minshan guides the river".

Minjiang River originates from Gonggangling and Langjialing of Minshan Mountain, with a total length of 735 kilometers and a drainage area of 6,543,800 square kilometers. The drop of the whole river is 3560 meters, and the hydraulic resources130,000 kilowatts or more. Minjiang River is a tributary with the largest amount of water in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and Dujiangyan is the upper reaches, mainly for driftwood and hydropower generation. Dujiangyan City to Leshan is the middle reaches, which flows through Chengdu Plain, and forms Dujiangyan Irrigation District together with Tuojiang River system and numerous artificial river networks. Below Leshan is the downstream, mainly shipping. There are more than 90 tributaries in Minjiang River, with Heishui River and Zagunao River in the upper reaches. Dujiangyan irrigation area in the middle reaches includes Heishi River, Jinma River, Jiang 'an River, Zouma River, Baitiao River and Puyang River. There are Qingyi River, Dadu River, mabian river and Yuexi River downstream.

Dadu River, the largest tributary, is1150km long, which is 415km longer than Minjiang River. The length in Sichuan is also 852 kilometers, which is longer than Minjiang River 100 kilometers. Dadu River, formerly known as Moshui and Eshui, originated in Guoluo Mountain at the junction of Sichuan and Qinghai, entered Sichuan from northern Tang Ran, passed through Aba, Ganzi, Liangshan and Ya 'an, and finally merged into Minjiang River in Leshan, with a drainage area of about 80,000 square kilometers. Dadu River Basin is rich in natural resources. Besides mineral resources, animal and plant resources, it is rich in water resources, which can be compared with Jinsha River and Yalong River, reaching more than 30 million kilowatts. Gongzui Power Station has been completed with an installed capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. Tongjiezi Power Station is 600,000 kilowatts.

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Minjiang River originates from the southern foot of Minshan Mountain in northwest Sichuan, with a total length of 735 kilometers and a drainage area of 6,543,800 square kilometers. The length and area are not large, but the water quantity and hydraulic resources are second to none in the tributaries. The mountainous area of western Sichuan is a famous rainy center in China, and it is known as "late rain" and "leaking sky in western Sichuan". The precipitation in Emei Mountain area exceeds 2000mm. Minjiang River has a large amount of rainwater supply, with an annual water volume of 86.8 billion cubic meters, equivalent to one and a half times that of the Yellow River. Historically, the Minjiang River has been mistaken for the upstream source of the Yangtze River, which is estimated to have a lot to do with the water quantity of the Minjiang River. When it comes to Minjiang River, people will definitely think of Dadu River, a tributary of Minjiang River. Guoluo Mountain, which originated at the junction of Sichuan and Qinghai, flows into the Minjiang River in Leshan County, with a total length of1.070km and a drainage area of 91.000km2, accounting for 67% of the Minjiang River. Whether in length, basin area or water volume, Dadu River is larger than Minjiang River above Leshan County. According to the principle that the source of the river is only far away, the Minjiang River should be a tributary of the Dadu River. But it has been a habit for many years to regard the Dadu River as a tributary of the Minjiang River. The upper reaches of Minjiang River flow through the foot of Minshan Mountain. The mountain is high and steep, and when it enters the Chengdu Plain with a lot of sediment and pebbles, the flow speed suddenly slows down, and a lot of sediment and pebbles deposit, blocking the river and often flooding.

In order to change this situation, as early as more than 200 years ago, Li Bing and his son and the local working people built the famous Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which turned the troubled Chengdu Plain into a granary thousands of miles away. Perhaps it is precisely because the Minjiang River has brought the reputation of "Land of Abundance" to Sichuan and strengthened people's impression of the Minjiang River that it occupies an important position among many tributaries.

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Illegal power station encroached on Minjiang River.

Minjiang River is one of the main water sources in Sichuan. Its ecological condition directly affects the ecological environment of the whole Chengdu Plain. However, more than a dozen hydropower stations on its river surface are constantly destroying and hurting this "mother river" in the western Sichuan plain!

95% of hydropower stations are built illegally.

From September 15 to September 2 1 day, the relevant departments of Sichuan Province conducted a joint inspection on the water-related affairs in Minjiang River Basin. In the investigated 13 hydropower station, the illegal construction rate is as high as 95%! Violation of development planning, serious waste of water resources, unreasonable structural design, and occupation of flood channels ... These bad behaviors not only endanger the local ecological environment, but also directly affect the middle and lower reaches and the whole basin. At present, the water conservancy department has ordered the construction unit to rectify within a time limit, and said that it will hold relevant personnel accountable.

On the morning of September 22, at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of Sichuan Province, Xie, a deputy to the National People's Congress, pointed out that from last year to this year, due to the frequent construction of hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, the ecological environment in this area has been seriously damaged: the coverage of surrounding vegetation has decreased, mudslides have occurred frequently, the river has been turbid, and water has been cut off. "At this rate, the mother river in the western Sichuan Plain will dry up or even cut off.

Four malignant tumors were buried in the chaos of power station construction

"The main reason for these problems is that the project approval department is not strict with the project, and it began to approve the project when the infrastructure procedures were incomplete." When talking about the maintenance of the hydropower station in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, Wang Wenfeng, chief of Sichuan Water Conservancy Supervision Corps, expressed his grief. When talking about its harm, he summed it up as the following four points:

First, abandon slag to intercept the river. A large amount of waste slag was dumped into the river course, which led to the narrowing of many rivers in Minjiang River, and the riverbed width in the most serious section was less than 10 meter. The second is to reduce flood discharge capacity. Flood discharge is carried out together in the main flood season, and the lower part of the power plant will bear greater flood threat; The third is to destroy the ecological environment. Because the upstream water is intercepted or pumped underground, the surface of the river from the dam to the power plant is often cut off, and the nearby ecological environment is seriously damaged. Fourth, people have difficulty in using water. According to relevant experts, according to the regulations, hydropower stations should reserve enough water when taking water to meet the living and ecological needs of people along the coast. However, in order to release more water, generate more electricity and make more money, some owners did not leave enough water according to the planning and project requirements.

An insider said that there are so many hydropower stations on the Minjiang River that there are special interest patterns behind them. Due to the national power shortage in the past two years, there is a power shortage of 25 million kilowatts at the peak of this year. However, Sichuan is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with numerous rivers and fast-flowing water, which is suitable for developing hydropower resources. Some private investors have invested their money in small hydropower.

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For any big river, the ecological security of the whole basin can only be guaranteed if the upstream area becomes an ecological barrier. On the contrary, the upstream ecology is destroyed, and its harm is not only reflected in local areas, but also affects the middle and lower reaches and even the whole basin through the "downstream effect". This is really worrying about the "unrecognizable Minjiang River section" upstream.

The seriousness of the problem is that what happened in the upper reaches of Minjiang River is not unique to our province. This kind of thing happens again and again. In the final analysis, it is the result of the misunderstanding of development concept. Ecological civilization is an important part of modern civilization. Coordinating the harmonious development between man and nature and handling the relationship between economic development and ecological protection is a century-old plan to take the road of civilized development. Only by establishing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development can we truly realize the transformation of economic growth mode and the relationship between man and nature. This is a lesson from man-made destruction of the ecological environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.

The upper reaches of Minjiang River bear the important water source area of production and life in our province, and it is also a golden tourist corridor with famous tourism resources and rich cultural and historical landscape. However, frequent construction and development activities make many sections of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River unrecognizable. From June 5438+05 to June 2 1 day, the reporter went up the Minjiang River from Chengdu with the joint inspection team of the Provincial Water Resources Department to inspect the wading affairs of the upstream projects under construction.

The first stop is Xi Shou, a tributary of Minjiang River leading to Sanjiang Scenic Area in Wenchuan. About 500 meters downstream of Shuimo Town in Wenchuan County, on the hillside on the left bank of Xi Shou River, two bulldozers pushed the muck down the embankment at will, and the muck has occupied one third of the flood discharge section. "These dregs will flow to the Minjiang River with the erosion of rain and rivers, raising the riverbed. After Zipingpu stores water next year, it will deposit storage capacity and shorten the service life of the reservoir. " Peer water conservancy experts pointed out with concern.

The turbulent Minjiang River water seems to confirm the concerns of water conservancy experts. In addition to the built power stations, there are many large and small hydropower stations, and the newly started Du (Jiangyan) Wen (Chuan) high-grade highway. In the words of experts, "the main stream of Minjiang River above Dujiangyan is simply a big construction site", and some river sections are dumped on the river at will.

Location 1: It is located at the upstream 1 km of Guan Tao Substation in Yinxing Township, Wenchuan County. There is a platform with a height of about 20 meters, which is made up of waste slag from power stations. Although it has been cultivated again, the slope has no protection, and the exposed waste residue directly extends to the surging Minjiang River.

Scene 2: The Duwen high-grade highway that started construction this year will "cut" a road on the cliff canyon. On the two or three kilometers section of the left bank of Minjiang River, a large amount of abandoned slag after mountain cutting is not dumped in a special slag yard, but thrown into Minjiang River at will.

Scene 3: No.3 branch tunnel of Sang Ping Power Station is located on the right bank of Minjiang River, 500 meters downstream of Weizhou Town, Wenchuan County. Because there are no retaining facilities, a large amount of granite waste residue still rolls into the river, occupying about 20 meters of the river bank.

Scene 4: No.2 branch tunnel of Jiangsheba Power Station is located in Nanxin Town, Mao County, and the entrance of the branch tunnel is on the right bank of Minjiang River. The person in charge of the provincial water resources department compared the pictures taken during the inspection last year and told reporters that the owner did not make rectification according to the requirements of the inspection team last year. "Last year, on the right bank of the downstream of the cave, waste residue was directly poured into the river, resulting in the river being only 10 meter wide, just like the interception of a big river." The waste residue on the embankment is still lying there, and the swift current of the Minjiang River runs on the river surface less than 20 meters. The No.4 branch tunnel of Jinlongtan Power Station, located in Maoxian County, the main stream of Minjiang River, has not been cleaned. The abandoned slag at the entrance of the branch tunnel occupies nearly 1 km of the river.

"These power stations that required rectification last year have not made any progress this year. Economic penalties have also been imposed on some power stations, but for projects with hundreds of millions of yuan, the economic penalties are minimal. " Wang Wenfeng, head of the Provincial Water Conservancy Comprehensive Supervision Corps, lamented that with the deepening of old projects and the start of new projects, the man-made damage in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was more serious than last year.

Last year, our province carried out a dragnet inspection of hydropower stations with incomplete wading procedures in the province, and investigated 128. This time, the reporter actually saw such an illegal power station in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.

Yuji Power Station is located in Shigu Township, Mao County, with an installed capacity of 1.02 million kilowatts. At present, one-third of the engineering quantity has been completed, and a huge factory building has been formed on the right bank of Minjiang River. However, the inspection team found that the hydropower station actually started without flood demonstration, soil and water conservation scheme and water resources demonstration, and the construction procedure was completely reversed. This inspection found that many owners were lucky enough not to carry out soil and water conservation scheme, flood discharge demonstration and water resources demonstration in order to achieve the purpose of reducing costs.

Strolling through the Minjiang River Valley, I found that the muck discarded during construction was randomly piled up on both sides of the Minjiang River. Due to the accumulation of engineering land and waste residue, some natural rivers even blocked more than half, and the rushing river can only flow through this narrow river.

Li, a researcher accompanied by the provincial local electric power bureau, described the harm of power stations with incomplete approval procedures as "endless future troubles". He said that if the project is started without scientific demonstration of water-related affairs, there will be great security risks in the project. Some violate the development plan, seriously waste hydraulic resources, some have hidden dangers in structural design, and some encroach on flood discharge channels, affecting flood control safety ... Many power station owners even omit the procedure of building retaining walls and directly push the muck to the nearest Minjiang River. For example, Li said that the waste slag in the No.5 branch tunnel of Jiangsheba Power Station is about one kilometer long, and it needs at least100000 yuan for thorough cleaning.

Most of the upper reaches of Minjiang River belong to dry-hot valley. Less rainfall, large evaporation; The mountains are high and steep, and the land is barren; Mountain disasters such as sparse vegetation, serious soil erosion, landslides and mudslides have occurred from time to time, and the natural ecological situation has been very severe. Coupled with man-made destruction, it is difficult and urgent to control the environment of Minjiang River.

The Ecological Hidden Trouble in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River (Ⅱ) —— The Underground River leaks a river.

The car is driving on the rugged road in Minjiang Valley. The hydropower stations outside the window are one after another. The dam is connected to the factory building, and the factory building is connected to the lower dam. The Minjiang River was cut into pieces, and the swift river became calm.

When the bus approached Maoxian County, from a distance, the surging Minjiang River shrank a lot, turning into a trickle running among the boulders in the riverbed, as if dissonant notes suddenly appeared in the music. It turned out that the car was driving in the 5.8 km long diversion section of Tongzhong Power Station, and the Minjiang River water was parallel to us on the nearby mountain.

Not only the bronze bell, but also the downstream Taipingyi water diversion project 10.5km, Tang Fu 19.3km, Jiangsheba1km, upstream Jinlongtan 13km, Tianlong Lake 6.7km. These hydropower stations developed by Minjiang River cascade are all water diversion projects. The accompanying water conservancy experts said that in order to obtain a larger gap, the hydropower station dammed the upstream river channel and then transported the water to the downstream power plant for power generation through underground culverts or pipelines. Because the upstream incoming water is intercepted and input into culverts or pipelines, the reach from the dam to the power plant is often easily cut off.

Once all hydropower stations in the upper reaches of Minjiang River are completed for power generation, it will form a continuous water reduction section or even a cut-off section in dry season. The original abundant surface water flow has become an "underground river" in the hydropower development zone. Many sections of the Minjiang River tend to dry up, which not only causes irreversible harm to the river flora and fauna system, but also makes the arid valley of the Minjiang River more arid. At the same time, the resettlement after the power station will also destroy the water source protection area and endanger the safety of water resources.

The diversion section of Yuji Power Station in Maoxian County has attracted the attention of experts from the Joint Inspection Team of the Provincial Water Resources Department. There are six agricultural irrigation stations in this reach, and the Minjiang River can't meet the flow of 230m3/s required by the power station in dry season. According to the data provided by the Provincial Hydrological Resources Survey Bureau, the minimum flow of Zipingpu in recent three years is only 65 cubic meters per second. "In this case, how to ensure that there is enough flow in this section of the Minjiang River for agricultural production?" Wang Wenfeng, chief of the Comprehensive Monitoring Corps of the Provincial Water Resources Department, is not without worries.

It is reported that the overall planning report of water resources in Sichuan Province makes it clear that the development tasks in the upper reaches of Minjiang River are power generation, flood storage and industrial, agricultural and domestic water use in dry season, so as to ensure the water use in Chengdu Plain and Dujiangyan irrigation area. However, some owners often only consider meeting the demand for power generation, ignoring the comprehensive utilization of water resources, and are particularly willing to develop power points with small investment.

Yuzixi is a first-class tributary of Minjiang River crossing Wolong Nature Reserve. The reporter saw here that when a river with abundant water flows through two downstream hydropower stations, the water volume is reduced by more than half. The reporter recalled that during the National Day of 1999, the river section was almost cut off, the riverbed was dry, and the boulder was abrupt. It is hard to imagine that this is a river flowing through a national nature reserve.

The Minjiang river basin itself is located on a huge geological fault zone: steep valley slopes, towering mountains, broken mountains and sparse vegetation. Because of the lack of water conservation and the influence of power station construction, the environment on both sides of the Minjiang River is particularly fragile, and geological disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, collapses and mudslides occur frequently. Just in the early morning of September 19, there was only one rainstorm, and there were many mudslides in the Xuankou section of Zipingpu reservoir area, and nearly a thousand vehicles were blocked.

"Not only do disasters such as mudslides occur, but as long as there are hydropower stations on the river, it may have a huge impact on wild protected fish living in the Minjiang River!" Water conservancy experts told reporters. Because the flow direction and water quantity of rivers are blocked, the downstream rivers are cut off-the living conditions of species are changed, resulting in a sharp decline in biodiversity-which slows down the flow rate, weakens the self-purification ability of water bodies and aggravates the degree of water pollution; Raise or lower the water level of riverbeds and rivers. According to a survey by biologist Professor Deng Qixiang, the species of fish in the upper reaches of Minjiang River has dropped from 40 in 1950s to 16 today, and the national second-class protected fish, tiger carp, has disappeared in Wenchuan reach for more than 10 years.

"The only way to protect the ecological environment of the water interception section is to discharge a certain amount of water from the water retaining structure to ensure the ecological water use of the section. Regrettably, there are no relevant laws and regulations in China to make mandatory requirements. " The person in charge of the provincial water resources department believes that it is very necessary to develop hydropower resources, and the key lies in coordinating the relationship between ecology and economic construction.

Ecological worries in the upper reaches of Minjiang River (Ⅱ) —— The pain of tributaries

Fish roe creek, black river and miscellaneous valley brains ... it is these rivers that people are not familiar with that converge into the surging Minjiang River. The main stream in the upper reaches of Minjiang River is "injured", but what is the current situation of its tributaries?

Along the Zagunao River, from Wenchuan to Lixian, the car turned into the Huilongqiao Hydropower Station under construction, and we were still greeted by a mountain of construction waste. The inspection team was indignant at the power station under construction on the Zagunao River: during the inspection in June last year, they requested to supplement the water resources demonstration report, and it was still the same one year later.

Huilongqiao Power Station takes water from the big ditch and small ditch of Mengtun River, a tributary of Zagunao River. There is a diversion tunnel at the water intake hub, and the slogan "No regrets here" stands at the entrance. However, 50 meters downstream of the hole is a continuous waste residue.

According to Comrade Li of the county water conservancy bureau, they have issued rectification notices many times, but the owners turned a deaf ear. In June last year, the conquered rivers began to flood, and the mudslide formed by the flood finally broke out. Roads were destroyed, rivers were blocked, and the people downstream were miserable. Up to now, the traces of debris flow are still shocking. It seems that the river does not flow on the river bed, but bumps between boulders.

The construction site of No.2 branch tunnel of Shiziping Power Station in Lixian County under construction appears in our field of vision. Heavy-duty engineering vehicles rush back and forth, dumping slag pulled out of the cave between the slag yard and the cave.

Shiziping Power Station, located between Bipenggou and miyaluo, is the most important reservoir power station on the main stream. It is said that the power station is located in the scenic area, and the approval process of some procedures and arguments is extremely "tortuous and difficult". This inspection team found that there was no water resources demonstration and flood discharge demonstration in the power station. First, the 1 and No.2 branch tunnels were not blocked first and then abandoned according to the requirements of soil and water conservation; There is irregular waste slag along the river on the left bank of the upstream hub; Soil and water conservation on the right bank of the upstream of the dam is not perfect and the standard is not enough, resulting in soil erosion.

Zagunao is the second largest tributary in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, which means auspicious valley in Tibetan. Originated at the southern foot of Zhegu Mountain at an altitude of 4,200m, with a total length of168km and a drop of 3,092m. Rich in hydraulic resources, the whole basin will build 1 reservoir and 9 cascade power stations. Huilongqiao Power Station, Hongye Power Station, Shiziping Power Station, miyaluo Power Station and Bipenggou Power Station ... From downstream to upstream, hydropower stations are one after another. The whole Zagunao River will soon be covered with large and small hydropower stations, and a hydropower station can be seen on the river almost every ten kilometers. These large and small hydropower stations have mushroomed, which not only destroyed the ecological environment of the river and its surrounding areas, but also greatly damaged the flood discharge capacity of Zagunao River.

The Zagunao River Basin is prone to landslides and mudslides due to structural folds, broken rock strata and poor bank slope stability. Especially in the arid valley under Lixian County, soil erosion is serious and ecological problems are prominent. Last August, a rainstorm hit the southeast of Aba Prefecture. About 3000 cubic meters of debris flow occurred in Xiaozhuang Village, Cook Township, Wenchuan County, located on the right bank of Zagunao River. The diversion canal of Xiazhuang Power Station at the end of gully was destroyed, the river channel was blocked and the backwater was several kilometers. Just below the dam of Hongye Power Station, the intercepting river is several kilometers long. Due to ecological deterioration, the river bank collapses and silts up from time to time.

In sharp contrast to the chaotic landscape of Zagunao River, Heishui River, a first-class tributary on the right bank of Minjiang River, is not only the largest tributary in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, but also the source of Minjiang River in geographical sense. The hydropower reserve of Heishui River Basin is 6.5438+0.7 million kilowatts, and it is planned to develop two reservoirs in three phases.

At present, only Zhugeduo Power Station with an installed capacity of 80,000 kilowatts has started construction, so the 122 km Heishui River is roaring and the scenery is unforgettable. Looking at the turbulent Heishui River, the experts of the inspection team are increasingly worried: With the comprehensive development of the two reservoirs, how to ensure that the violations of water-related affairs will not be staged in Heishui River? More than 90% of the power stations that are about to start this inspection have not scientifically demonstrated the wading affairs. Li, a researcher of the provincial local electric power bureau, calculated an account for the reporter. If a hydropower station with an installed capacity of 6.5438+0 million kilowatts is invested in the upper reaches of Minjiang River with good natural conditions, it will cost about 40 million yuan. After the project is completed and put into production, if the average annual power generation is 50,000 hours, the annual profit will be as high as 6 million yuan and the profit rate will be as high as 12%, excluding the cost of 3 million yuan.

The tributary of Minjiang River is a place where the ancient Qiang people thrived and gave birth to a rich and colorful Tibetan and Qiang culture. At the same time, the rich cultural and natural scenery on both sides of the strait are interdependent, such as Yakexia National Forest Park and dagu glacier in Heishui River Basin, Qiangzhai and miyaluo in Tao Ping on Zagunao River, and Wolong Nature Reserve on Yuzi River ... Now, their fate is closely related to hydropower development.

The inspection team crossed Mengding Mountain and entered Xiaojin County in Dadu River Basin. Pan 'an Power Station, Mengguqiao Power Station, Meiwo Power Station, Jima Power Station, Zhongmachang Power Station and Jin Jia Power Station at the entrance of Jin Jia Mountain National Forest Park are all power stations that have started but have not completed the wading demonstration, and there are illegal slag abandonment behaviors to varying degrees.

Worrying about Minjiang River makes us worry about the beautiful Dadu River-large-scale development is coming to Dadu River.