? Planting techniques and benefit analysis of ginseng under forest

Garden ginseng and wild ginseng are the same in botany, but the difference is that wild ginseng grows naturally under the forest, and generally grows for a long time, some for more than ten years, decades or even hundreds of years, which has high nutritional and medicinal value.

? I. Planting techniques

1, choice of forest land. The age of the tree is more than 20 years, and broad-leaved forests such as Tilia amurensis, Betula platyphylla, Oak, Elm, Walnut and Color Tree are the best tree species. Shrubs such as hazelnut, Lespedeza, Acanthopanax Senticosus and Schisandra chinensis and herbs such as Artemisia argyi, Vicia faba and broad-leaved Taicao should be planted under the forest to form a double-layer shade, and the canopy density should be 0.6-0.8. It is required that the soil is rich in organic matter, fertile, loose, non-waterlogging, suitable ground temperature and good water storage and air permeability. The air humidity is 40-80%, and the soil humidity is about 40-50%. The slope of forest land should be below 25 degrees, and the slope direction is southeast, north and west.

2. Sow seeds under the forest. Planting wild ginseng under the forest, one is to sow dry seeds in the selected forest land in spring and autumn, and sow fresh seeds in summer and autumn; The other is sowing in spring and autumn to accelerate germination. Seeds for accelerating germination were unearthed one year earlier than dry seeds and ginseng seedlings. When sowing, first open a hole 6-8 cm long and sow two seeds in the air with a distance of 20 cm. There is also a hole spacing of 100 cm, with 5 seeds in each hole, and a certain distance should be kept between the seeds. Don't open the hole too wide, and don't destroy the fibrous roots, grass roots and turf around the hole. 60% active loess was mixed into the hole, the hole depth was 8 cm and the sowing depth was 3 cm. The practice is: before sowing, first level the soil in the pit, then cut a 3 cm groove, spread a thin stone piece under the seed (the stone piece should be as big as five cents), knead the linear loess into small pancakes with hands where there is no stone piece, and then put the seed on the loess cake. Then cover with 3-4 cm thick leaves.

Another way to sow wild seeds under the forest is to use a wooden stick with a length of 20 cm and a thickness of 1 cm to cut one end into a sharp shape. In the selected forest land, determine the plot for sowing, drill holes with a depth of 4-5 cm and an interval of 20 cm, put 1 seed in each hole, accelerate germination, break the root tip, then cover the hole and cover the litter back.

3. Transplant under the forest. From two-year or three-year-old garden ginseng seedlings, long reed with round chest similar to cross spirit was selected and transplanted into the forest with splayed branches and clear fibrous roots. /kloc-mid-October or before long summer in spring is more suitable. To open a round hole, the diameter of the hole is 10- 12 cm (mainly depending on the length of the fibrous roots of ginseng seedlings). The hole depth should reach 10 cm, and the hole surface should be leveled with live loess. Before transplanting, dig the hole soil into a ditch with a depth of 6 cm, put a thin stone or pure loess cake that can set off the main body of the seedlings, then put the seedlings on it, arrange the shapes of the seedlings, cover it with a layer of live loess, and then cover it with evenly stirred black loess (the ratio of black loess is 4: 6), which is 5 cm higher than the original ground to prevent the hole soil from sinking and form a small pit for the seedlings. After covering with soil, cover with leaves 5-6 cm thick. If conditions permit, the buds can be removed to help the ginseng roots gain weight.

Whether pulling seeds or climbing seedlings under the forest, we should prevent rats (blind rats). Rodents are the most serious harm to ginseng in the forest, and various measures should be taken to prevent and control them. Methods Rodents can be killed by reference to Garden Ginseng. According to the current technical level of developing ginseng under the forest, some minor diseases will reappear after sowing and climbing seedlings, but it is not necessary to use chemical agents to prevent them. Because of the high sowing density, the survival rate of natural seedlings is enough to grow, which will achieve high economic benefits. However, if a piece of dead disease occurs, a small amount of chemical agents can be used for prevention and control, referring to the prevention and control measures of garden ginseng diseases. But the drug concentration should be reduced, which can be determined according to the age of participation.

Second, the benefit analysis

Because of different varieties, the benefits of conventional planting are also different. Take the common crossbreeding of Malaya and Ermaya as an example. Generally, the row spacing of hole sowing plants is 20× 20cm (3 seeds per hole), and the row spacing of drill sowing plants is 10× 20cm (1-2 seeds per hole).

1. investment: the investment required for delivery per mu is 1200 yuan. The seed cost is 150 yuan. (1.5 kg/mu×100 yuan/kg), clearing sowing period fee 75 yuan (3 workers/mu× 25 yuan/worker), maintenance fee 800 yuan (3,000 yuan/person year ÷30 mu/person× 8 years), rodenticide/kloc-0.

2. Yield and benefit: calculated according to the effective area of 400 square meters per mu. Seed output value: 2250 yuan. (average 3 kg/year×150 yuan/kg× 5 years). Output value of commodity participation:1.2-240,000 yuan. (seedling survival rate 10-20%, number of plants per mu1000-2,000 plants, weight per plant 15g, i.e. yield of 33 plants per catty 15-30kg, with a unit price of 8,000 yuan /kg). If you choose these two kinds of ginseng seeds, the benefits will be even greater. Therefore, planting wild ginseng under the forest is a good way to get rich.