How to divide poetry into forms?

Classification of Poetry Classification of Poetry (1) Features of Poetry Poetry is a style juxtaposed with novels, essays and dramas. It vividly expresses the author's rich thoughts and feelings in highly concise language, reflects the social life in a concentrated way, and has a certain rhythm and rhythm. Its main features are as follows: ① The content of poetry is the most concentrated reflection of social life. ② Poetry is full of emotion and imagination, and is good at impressing readers emotionally. ③ The poetic language is concise in image, harmonious in tone and distinct in rhythm. (4) Poetry is not in the form of sentences, but in the form of actions (China's old-style poems and songs are one line). (2) Classification of Poetry According to different classification standards, poetry can be divided into several categories. According to the country, it can be divided into China poems and foreign poems; China's poems can be divided into ancient poems and new poems according to the times. In ancient China, poetry was divided into poems, words and songs according to style. China's ancient poems can be divided into classical poems and modern poems. Words can be divided into Xiao Ling (below 58 words), Zhong Diao (59-90 words) and Long Diao (above 9l words). (1997 national examination) Yuanqu can be divided into poem number and song number (also called song number); New poetry can be divided into free poetry and old-style new poetry. (3) Ancient Poems New Poems Ancient poems refer to the rhymes written in classical Chinese in the long river of ancient literature, that is, poems, words and songs in this historical period. New poetry refers to the poetry that appeared after the May 4th New Culture and New Literature Movement. (4) Ancient poetry and modern poetry are divided from the perspective of poetic rhythm. The main differences between them are as follows: (National1996,2001Spring) Ancient poetry mainly refers to ancient poetry before the Tang Dynasty, and its main characteristics are that the number of lines in each poem is not fixed, the number of words in each line is not fixed, and the rhyme of each poem is not fixed; Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, is relative to classical poetry, mainly referring to metrical poems and quatrains formed in the early Tang Dynasty. Its main features are fixed lines, fixed words in each line and fixed rhyme in each poem. (5) Differences between Poetry, Ci and Qu Poetry, Ci and Qu are all rhymes. The main difference is that poetry requires rhythm and stresses rhythm. Ci is a kind of poetic style with music, which is stricter than poetry. Qu is also a verse form of harmony singing, but its syntax is more flexible than words, and lines are often added in sentences. (6) Free verse and old verse in new poetry refer to a new poetic style advocated and developed by the New Culture Movement around the May 4th Movement. Among them, poems written in vernacular Chinese with rough rhymes and free forms are called free poems, such as Market in the Sky, Dayan River-My Nanny, Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang, etc. Compared with new poems, metrical poems written in classical Chinese, as well as words and songs, they are collectively called old-style poems, such as Chairman Mao's Seven Temperaments? Long March, Qinyuanchun? Si Nuo and Chen Yi's meiling three chapters, etc. These forms are ancient, but their contents are modern. People habitually compare them to "new wine in old bottles". (7) Songs, lines, chanting "songs", "lines" and "chanting" are symbols of ancient poetry, all of which refer to the genre of ancient poetry. There is no strict difference between the two. Syllables and metrical forms are generally free, with five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. Such as "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind", "Pipa Trip" and "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream". (8) Yuefu Poetry Yuefu was originally the name of the official position in charge of music when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later became the name of poetic style. Refers to the music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Yuefu poems written by poets in Wei, Jin, Tang and later dynasties, although not enjoyable, are also called Yuefu or quasi-Yuefu. Such as Song of Chile, Mulan Poetry, Peacock Flying Southeast, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, etc. (9) The difference between regular poems and quatrains is mainly in the number of sentences. The quatrains are also called "truncated sentences", and each poem has only four sentences, with even sentences rhyming and even words linking sentences, which can be opposite or wrong; There are eight lines in each poem. Besides rhyming and even sentence sounds, couplets and necklaces must be correct. A metrical poem with more than eight sentences is called "parallelism". (10) Lyrics, narrative poems and mystery poems reflect the spirit of the times and social life by directly or indirectly expressing the author's inner thoughts and feelings. There are often no complete storylines and characters. Even if there are some fragments of scenery description, they are also used to borrow scenery to express their feelings. Narrative poems describe events, shape characters and reflect social life in the form of poems. Compared with lyric poetry, narrative poetry has complete stories and characters. Reasoning poetry is included in lyric poetry in a broad sense, and it mainly expounds profound truth with the help of scenery description. (1 1) There are strict differences between inscriptions and inscriptions. As far as content is concerned, epigraph is the refinement of text content and the eye of a word. The epigraph is the formal name of the tone of words. (12) Bold words and graceful words are two schools in Song Dynasty, and their works show different styles respectively. The works are bold and unrestrained, the artistic conception is bold and unrestrained, and the words are lofty and lofty, which gives people a positive force and represents writers Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Representative works include Su Shi's Nian Nu Jiao? The unexpected encounter between Huaigu Chibi and Xin Qiji? Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia, etc. Graceful and restrained works have beautiful and subtle language, euphemistic and lingering feelings expressed in words, relaxed and lively artistic conception, deep parting or bitterness, fine carving and narrow subject matter. They often write about personal experiences, love between men and women, and occasionally write about the scenery, blending their feelings into the scenery. Representative poets include Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao, etc. Representative works include Li Qingzhao's Slow Voice and Liu Yong's Yulinling, etc. 13) Sanqu Sanqu is a kind of song that degenerated from words in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Its style is similar to writing, and it is more free than writing. You can add lines to the number of words and use spoken English more. It includes two forms: small order and number of sets; Poetry contains only one tune, and the number of sets is to combine multiple tunes in one tune into one set, which is a coherent set of tunes in opera or Sanqu. Its tunes are as few as two and as many as infinite. Each set takes the name of the first song as a complete set of songs; The whole song must have the same tone and rhyme at the beginning and the end; End with "sand" The frequency of use is not specified, and the general order is reversed. There is a tune before every "sand", and the whole song ends with a "tail". Such as "Yue Diao? Tianjingsha? Qiu Si has only one song, Jing Tian Sand, which is a poem. Here we go again, like "involved"? Whistle? The Return of the Great-Emperor contains eight tunes belonging to Gongdiao, among which "Shaobian" is the name of the first tune of this set of tunes and the name of the whole set of tunes. (1998 National Examination) (14) Yuan Zaju is a literary style that grew up on the basis of various palace tunes during the Song and Jin Dynasties. It is an art form integrating singing, guest singing and dancing. Yuan Zaju can be divided into Dan Ben (the leading singer of the heroine) and the last Ben (the leading singer of the hero), which includes four folds and one wedge in structure. Each fold is equivalent to a scene in a modern play, and each fold can only use one palace tune. For example, Yuan is a drama, and the third discount is "Gong Zheng". The script of Yuan Zaju consists of three parts: science, singing and dialogue. Paragraph position is the regulation of the main action expression and stage effect in the script, and the aria is the lyrics. White is the dialogue, monologue, narration and white of the characters. The main roles of Yuan Zaju are Mo (male), Wai Mo (old man), Jing (painted face), Dan (female role), (heroine), Bo Er (old woman), Ugly (small painted face or big painted face) and so on. (15) Gongdiao and Qupai Gongdiao are musical terms and a mode of music. Different palace tunes have different tones. For example, Yuan's Gong Zheng is a kind of Gongdiao. Qupai, like epigraph, is a musical form of Qu. The difference is that Qupai is often different in word number, level tone and rhyme. For example, hanging the sea, wrapping, hanging the spirit upside down, false, rolling hydrangea, and one shame and two shames in the Yuan Dynasty are all qupai. (16) Dan, Mo, Ugly, Foreign, Servant Dan, Mo, Ugly, Foreign and Servant are all names of characters in Yuan Zaju. Dan plays the heroine, and the supporting roles are deputy, foreign and small. Online celebrity, also known as Big Face, mainly plays characters with special personalities and looks, such as Zhang Fei and Li Kui jy. Ugliness, commonly known as small face, mostly plays a secondary role in men. Play an old man outside. Bohr plays an old woman. (17) Subject, white subject and white are all components of Yuan Zaju script. "Ke", also known as "Festival", is the general name of dramatic movements, including general stage gestures, martial arts and dance movements. "White" means guest white, which is the white part of the play and occupies an important position in Yuan Zaju. Bai Bin can be divided into dialogue (dialogue between characters), monologue (self-narration of characters), narration (self-narration behind other characters) and vernacular (interruption in lyrics). (18) The number of words in couplets is equal and the parts of speech are relative. The last word of the first couplet is usually light tone, and the last word of the second couplet is flat tone. For example, "Shushan has a hard road, and learning the sea is endless." (19) Four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words represent words, and four words are four words in each poem; Five words are five words in each poem, seven words are seven words in each poem, and miscellaneous words are different words in each poem. Five words and seven words are the most common in ancient poetry. (20) Rhyme, whether it is ancient poetry or new poetry, is about rhyme. The so-called rhyme means that in the lyrics of poetry, words with the same or similar vowels are used at the end of some sentences to make the tone harmonious and beautiful.