Amazon Rainforest, the largest tropical rain forest in the world

Amazon rainforest is located in the Amazon plain of South America, covering an area of 5.5 million square kilometers. Rainforests span nine countries: Brazil (accounting for 60% of the forest area), Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and France (French Guiana).

Amazon rainforest occupies half of the global rainforest area, accounting for 20% of the global forest area. It is the largest and most diverse tropical rainforest in the world. The Amazon rainforest is called "the lungs of the earth" and "the green heart".

Located in the north of South America, the Amazon River and its tributaries are a tropical rain forest with an area of 6 million square kilometers and 2.3 million square miles, accounting for 40% of Brazil's total area. It reaches the Guiana Plateau in the north, the Andes in the west, the Central Plateau in Brazil in the south and the Atlantic Ocean in the east.

The Amazon river basin is the largest basin in the world, and its rain forest extends from the Atlantic coast in the east (the forest width is 320km (200 miles)) to the intersection of lowlands and the foothills of the Andes, forming a forest belt, which gradually widens to 1, 900km( 1, 200 miles). The rainforest is extremely vast and continuous, reflecting the climate characteristics of this area: rainy, humid and generally high temperature.

Amazon rainforest contains the richest and most diverse biological resources in the world, with millions of species of insects, plants, birds and other creatures, many of which have not been scientifically recorded so far. Among the lush plants, there are various tree species, including hickory, laurel, palm, acacia, rosewood, Brazil nut and rubber tree.

Mahogany and Amazon cedar can be used as high-quality wood. The main wild animals are jaguar, manatee, tapir, red deer, capybara and many rodents, and there are many kinds of monkeys, which are called "the world animal and plant kingdom" and "the lungs of the earth" because they account for half of the global rainforest.

The biodiversity of this rainforest is excellent, white, with 2.5 million species of insects, tens of thousands of plants, about 2,000 species of birds and mammals, living in one fifth of the total number of birds in the world.

Some experts estimate that there are more than 75,000 kinds of trees and 6,543.8+0.5 million kinds of higher plants per square kilometer, among which the plant biomass is 90,000 tons. Scientists point out that there are about 96,660 to128,843 species of invertebrates in Brazil alone.

The Amazon rainforest has the most diverse plant species in the world. Some experts estimate that 1 km2 may contain more than 75,000 trees and 1 50,000 advanced plants, and1km2 may contain 90,790 metric tons of living plants.

Amazon rainforest is the largest habitat for animals and plants in the world. One fifth of the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest. At present, about 438,000 species of plants with economic and social benefits have been found in the Amazon rainforest, and more need to be discovered and classified.

In the 1960s, Brazil's rapidly growing population settled in the main areas of the Amazon rainforest. Residents cut down forests to obtain wood or open pastures and farmland, resulting in a sharp decline in rainforests. In 1990s, the Brazilian government and international organizations began to protect some rainforests from people's occupation, development and destruction.

According to the data of Brazil's National Bureau of Geography and Statistics, the area of rainforest destroyed in the Amazon region reaches 23,000 square kilometers every year. In the past 30 years, 1/6 of the world's largest rainforest area has been seriously damaged. If the Amazon forest is completely cut down, the oxygen on which human beings depend will decrease 1/3.