What is the biggest problem in rural China at present?

Accelerate the development of rural health and contribute to the construction of a new socialist countryside.

The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been the top priority of the whole party's work, and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee made a major strategic decision to build a new socialist countryside. According to the general requirements of building a new socialist countryside, developing rural health is the primary task of health work in Hunan Province during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.

First of all, rural health is of great significance in building a new socialist countryside.

The proposal of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee on the 11th Five-Year Plan puts the construction of a new socialist countryside as the first priority and puts forward clear requirements for rural health work. Rural health is the focus of China's health work and an important part of rural work. Strengthening rural health is an objective requirement for developing advanced productive forces, protecting rural labor force and revitalizing agricultural economy. It is an important measure to protect farmers' health, promote rural people to live a well-off life, and coordinate urban and rural economic and social development in an all-round way. It is also an important way to develop advanced culture, improve rural civilization and improve the quality of the whole nation. We feel a great responsibility to study, understand and implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. To do a good job in rural health, the health department is duty-bound and has a long way to go We must focus our health work on rural areas from the strategic height of practicing "Theory of Three Represents", effectively protect farmers' health and promote agricultural economic development.

Second, the goals and tasks of rural health in building a new socialist countryside

The objectives and tasks of rural health work in our province are: to coordinate urban and rural health work under the guidance of Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously implement the decisions of the Central Committee, the State Council and the provincial party committee and government on further strengthening rural health work, improve the rural public health and basic medical service system, implement public health and basic medical service measures, popularize the new rural cooperative medical care and medical assistance system, and strive to effectively improve rural health conditions. By 20 10, the main indicators of rural health and farmers' health will reach above the national average.

-establish a rural public health and basic medical service system with complete infrastructure and high quality team, so as to achieve "a good disease prevention and control network in rural areas".

-Establish a new cooperative medical system and a medical assistance system focusing on the overall planning of serious diseases, so that "farmers are guaranteed medical treatment".

-improve the sanitary conditions of rural residents' production and living, so that "farmers have a good production and living environment."

-improve the health level of farmers. Major infectious diseases, endemic diseases and occupational diseases such as SARS, cholera, hepatitis B and AIDS have been effectively controlled, and the total incidence of infectious diseases has been controlled below1165438+10,000; The maternal mortality rate in rural areas should be controlled below 45/65438+ 10,000, and the infant mortality rate should be controlled below 15‰; The average life expectancy in rural areas has increased to 74 years.

Three. Countermeasures and measures to strengthen rural health in the construction of new socialist countryside

(1) Establish and improve the rural public health and basic medical service system.

1, strengthen the construction of county-level health institutions and effectively improve service capacity. County-level health institutions, including county-level centers for disease control and prevention, maternal and child health centers, health supervision offices, people's hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and other institutions, are technical service and guidance centers for rural public health and basic medical care, and play a leading role in rural health. In recent years, the infrastructure and equipment of these institutions have been greatly improved, but the ability to serve, guide and manage rural public health and basic medical services has not yet met the requirements of building a new socialist countryside. In order to meet the requirements of building a new socialist countryside, county-level health institutions should pay equal attention to construction and management, focusing on capacity building. First, it is necessary to clarify the functional orientation; Second, we should continue to improve infrastructure and equipment conditions and improve the ability to serve, guide and manage rural public health and basic medical services; Third, it is necessary to improve the training ability, train technicians and backbones of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, emergencies and incurable diseases in rural primary health institutions, and strive to achieve the goal of "never leaving the county after a serious illness".

2. Focus on the construction of township hospitals. Township hospitals are the hub of rural three-level prevention and health care network, and the main place to directly provide public health and basic medical services for farmers. In the past two years, the conditions of some township hospitals have been improved through construction, but there are still many township hospitals with poor facilities and equipment and lack of talents. In order to meet the requirements of building a new socialist countryside, township hospitals should combine construction with management, focus on construction, and realize the matching of houses, equipment and talents. First, every township is a government-run health center, which mainly provides public health services, comprehensive prevention, health care and basic medical services. The second is to reasonably determine the layout of township hospitals, in principle, according to one township and one hospital. However, in the adjustment of township administrative divisions, the needs of local residents for health services should be comprehensively considered. Third, comprehensively strengthen the construction of facilities and equipment in township hospitals, and implement the construction plan step by step in accordance with the principles of "practicality, sufficiency and effectiveness" and "what is lacking". It is necessary to take various forms to increase the training of technical forces in township hospitals and improve their public health and basic medical services.

3. Attention should be paid to the construction and management of village clinics. Village clinics are the foundation of rural public health and basic medical services. Most village clinics in our province are privately run by rural doctors, and there are some problems, such as inadequate management, irregular service and difficult implementation of village-level public health work. The construction of village clinics should focus on public health services, combine construction and management, and focus on management. First, according to the principle of one village and one room, standardize the setting and layout of village clinics; The second is to guide and urge village clinics to do a good job in construction as required; The third is to require village clinics to perform their duties and standardize public health services; Fourth, strict access to rural doctors, strengthen the training of rural doctors, strive to solve the labor subsidies for rural doctors to engage in public health services, and standardize the rural medical service market according to law.

(two) adhere to the principle of prevention, the full implementation of rural public health services.

Rural public health is an important part of the government's public health service and the focus of rural public health service. To build a new socialist countryside, government departments should focus on improving the most important public health service conditions in rural areas and ensuring the most basic public health service needs of farmers.

First, it is necessary to improve the emergency mechanism of public health emergencies in rural areas, and focus on strengthening the county-level epidemic reporting network and the county-level epidemic monitoring network, so as to realize direct reporting of epidemic situation in township hospitals and rapid reporting, response and handling of public health emergencies. Strengthen the construction and management of first aid, improve the county, township and village first aid network, working procedures and norms, and achieve timely and effective treatment of the target population.

Second, strengthen the prevention and treatment of SARS, human avian influenza, cholera, hepatitis B, AIDS, tuberculosis and other major diseases, conscientiously implement the "four early" prevention and control measures, comprehensive AIDS prevention and control measures and modern tuberculosis control strategies, and strive to control the occurrence of major infectious diseases. Strengthen the work of planned immunization, and the whole vaccination rate of the "five vaccines" of planned immunization has reached more than 95%. Consolidate the results of endemic disease prevention and control and continue to do a good job in endemic disease prevention and control. Strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases and further improve the supervision coverage of occupational diseases. Strengthen schistosomiasis control, reduce the area of snails in the embankment, reduce the infection rate of schistosomiasis in people and animals, and effectively treat patients with advanced blood.

The third is to strengthen maternal and child health work and improve the level of health protection for women and children. Do a good job in the obstetric construction of county and township medical and health institutions, fully implement the technical access of maternal and child health care and the standardized service of midwifery technology, establish a "green channel" for maternal rescue, and improve the ability of emergency transport and dystocia first aid. Establish and improve the technical team of maternal and child health care at the county, township and village levels, and conscientiously implement the systematic management of pregnant women and children. By 20 10, the delivery rate of pregnant women in hospital reached more than 90%, and the maternal and infant mortality rates continued to decline. Standardize pre-marital medical examination according to law, implement key intervention measures such as neonatal disease screening and prenatal diagnosis, effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of rural born population.

(3) Innovating patriotic health work in rural areas and improving farmers' production and living environment and health conditions.

It is necessary to combine rural construction planning, carry out the establishment of health villages according to local conditions, improve the appearance of villages, and realize the cleanliness of villages. It is necessary to pay close attention to the health and safety of drinking water in rural areas, strengthen the coordination of government departments, and focus on improving water and toilets in combination with modern agricultural construction to promote rural environmental sanitation. Widely carry out activities to eliminate the "four pests" and vigorously do a good job in scientific pest control. Vigorously carry out activities to create sanitary towns, improve rural environmental sanitation, and protect and promote farmers' health.

It is necessary to focus on major diseases that seriously endanger farmers' health and health problems that farmers care about, take health education as the guide, and adopt ways that the people like to see and hear, and vigorously popularize basic health knowledge. By 20 10, the rural health knowledge penetration rate is not less than 80%. We will continue to organize and implement the "Health Promotion Action for Hundreds of Millions of Farmers", mobilize farmers to carry out activities of "stressing civilization, science, hygiene, changing bad habits and cultivating new styles", advocate a scientific, civilized and healthy lifestyle, and improve people's awareness and ability of self-care. Carry out health knowledge education in rural primary and secondary schools, such as cleaning and hygiene, promoting health, caring for the environment, civilized life, disease prevention, etc., so that the majority of young people can develop good health habits and care for the health of others from an early age. Television, newspapers and other news media set up health publicity columns to widely publicize health knowledge and pay attention to public health issues that the masses care about.

(4) Popularize and improve the new rural cooperative medical system and medical assistance system.

Establishing and perfecting the new rural cooperative medical system with serious illness as its main task is the need to strengthen rural health work and promote the construction of new socialist countryside. On the basis of summing up the experience of the pilot work, we should gradually expand the pilot work of the new rural cooperative medical system. By 20 10, the new rural cooperative medical system will cover 122 counties and cities in the whole province, and the participation rate of farmers will reach over 80%. The province will basically establish a new rural cooperative medical system, so that farmers can really benefit from it and see a doctor.

Increase the government's support for medical assistance funds, promote rural medical assistance, expand the scope of assistance, improve the level of assistance, and focus on solving the medical assistance problems of rural five-guarantee households and poor peasant families. In addition to government investment, medical assistance funds should be raised through various channels such as mobilizing donations from all walks of life.

(five) overall planning of urban and rural and regional health development, strengthen health poverty alleviation and counterpart support.

Establish a government support mechanism, increase support for underdeveloped areas in accordance with the principle of equalization of public health services, and achieve common development. Take health poverty alleviation as an important part of the government's poverty alleviation work, gradually increase investment in health poverty alleviation, and help poor areas focus on solving difficulties in rural health infrastructure construction, maternal and child health care, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and endemic diseases. Conscientiously implement the development strategy of Xiangxi, focusing on health and poverty alleviation in Xiangxi and ethnic minority areas, and arrange 30 million yuan for the construction of township hospitals in Xiangxi and ethnic minority areas every year, and complete its supporting construction tasks before 2008.

Establish a counterpart support mechanism, and developed areas adopt various ways to help underdeveloped areas. Provincial and municipal health administrative departments continue to organize urban medical institutions to support the construction of county-level medical and health institutions and township hospitals in poverty-stricken areas, focusing on solving practical problems such as personnel training, technical guidance, discipline construction and technical equipment. Provincial medical and health units and six cities including Changsha, Zhuzhou, Hengyang, Yueyang, Xiangtan and Changde continue to support rural health institutions in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. Strictly implement the system that urban medical personnel can be promoted to the title of attending physician or deputy chief physician only after serving in rural areas for one year. Encourage urban medical institutions to carry out technical cooperation in rural areas, and support retirees above the attending physician in urban hospitals to continue to serve in rural health institutions.