Technical system of resource utilization of mine waste

With the continuous progress and development of society, people pay more and more attention to the protection of ecological environment. Realizing the coordinated development of economy, society and ecology and optimizing the living environment of human beings have become a common concern of the international community. After experiencing primitive accumulation of capital, industrial revolution and fully modernized society, industrialized countries put more money, manpower and material resources into pollution control and environmental improvement. The technological development in this field is also quite rapid, which has promoted the development of global environmental protection. Foreign researchers used * * * microorganisms to accelerate the establishment of vegetation in mine wasteland, and successfully prevented the generation of acidic water in acidic dump. Australia and other countries have simultaneously implemented open-pit mining and reclamation projects, incorporated waste treatment, disposal and reclamation into the production process, and conducted large-scale research on the treatment of various mine wastes. Since the mid-1970s, foreign countries have paid more and more attention to the environmental pollution and comprehensive utilization of solid waste, and have promulgated relevant laws and corresponding technical specifications or guidelines, thus promoting the development of mining environmental protection and comprehensive utilization and technology. Due to the strict requirements of environmental protection and self-development, foreign mining industries have generally strengthened the research and application of new technologies, new equipment and new technologies for comprehensive utilization and disposal of solid wastes, so as to solve the utilization problems of mineral wastes and non-traditional minerals. At present, the recycling of metal resources has reached a high level in industrialized countries. According to statistics, in 2003, the output of recycled nonferrous metals in developed countries such as Japan, the United States and Germany exceeded that of primary nonferrous metals. In 2003, the sales of waste recycling in the United States reached $236 billion, and the output value of Japan reached 37 trillion yen.

China's development must not be at the expense of the environment, and it must not repeat the old road of pollution before treatment. However, at present, the "three wastes" (waste water, waste gas and waste residue) discharged from mine production in China have seriously polluted the environment. According to statistics, all kinds of mines in China discharge 3 billion tons of wastewater every year, causing pollution of rivers and farmland; It discharges more than 54 million cubic meters of waste gas every year, causing air pollution; The discharged solid waste such as waste rock, tailings and waste residue has reached more than 654.38+0.8 billion tons, covering an area of about 70 million square meters, and it is still growing at an annual rate of about 654.38+0 billion tons; It discharges/kloc-0.50 billion tons of coal gangue and 700 million tons of fly ash every year, encroaches on a large number of land resources, contains a lot of toxic, harmful or radioactive substances, and pollutes surface water, soil and farmland. Although China has become a resource consuming country in the world, there is a big gap between the recovery and utilization rate of secondary resources and developed countries. The metal consumption per unit GDP is significantly higher than that of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, and even much higher than that of developing countries such as India and Brazil. In 2003, China consumed 85.7 kilograms of non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc and nickel per 10,000 US dollars of GDP, while the developed countries such as the United States were all below 20 kilograms, while the developing countries such as India only had about 30 kilograms. It can be seen that the potential of resource recycling in China is considerable. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of mining solid waste in China has shown a steady growth trend, but the comprehensive utilization rate is still low, the recycling rate of industrial and social wastes is low, the utilization of tailings is still in its infancy, and the value rate of waste reuse is not high. In order to realize the sustainable development of China's economy and society, we must recycle resources, save scarce resources, reduce environmental pollution and land occupation, and strengthen the technical development of solid waste. Mainly includes:

1) research and development of new technologies, new equipment and new chemicals for re-concentration (smelting) of tailings, waste rocks, smelting flue gas and waste residue.

2) Comprehensive utilization technology development of mining solid waste, focusing on the resource utilization of bulk industrial solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, smelting slag, chemical slag, etc. Tailings are used as goaf filling materials or filling mining technology.

3) Industrialization of high-dose solid waste application technology; Develop large-scale and diversified waste building materials enterprises. Develop and comprehensively utilize industrial solid wastes such as coal gangue, coal slime and petroleum coke with high calorific value to generate electricity; Technical transformation of existing power plants by comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and slime. Promote the production and industrialization of industrial by-products such as desulfurization gypsum, phosphogypsum and fluorgypsum.

4) Mine wastewater treatment and backwater utilization technology, waste gas emission reduction and utilization technology.

5) Reclamation and ecological restoration technology of solid waste yards such as mining subsidence area, open-pit mining wasteland and tailings pond.

6) Establish a recycling network for renewable resources and cultivate a distributed processing base for renewable resources (such as scrap metal and nonmetal).