Practical information! ! Details of common safety hazards on construction sites

Safety Responsibility System

1 The safety production responsibility system of project managers, full-time safety officers, construction team leaders, and project department functional departments is not perfect; Just a formality

2 The safety production responsibility system for managers at all levels and departments of the project department is not highly targeted, with no specific assessment methods and no assessment records

3 The project department has not Organize workers of various types of work to learn safe operating procedures; the safety production responsibility system is not perfect and is not implemented, and workers of various types of work do not understand their own safe operating procedures

Safety management objectives at the construction site

1 The project department failed to formulate according to relevant regulations: casualty accident control goals, safety standards, civilized construction management goals, fire protection, transportation, mechanical equipment and environmental protection management goals

2 Safety management goal management has not been broken down, and the implementation of goals No assessment measures

Construction organization design

1 No special construction organization design has been prepared for highly professional and dangerous sub-projects

2 In the organizational design of the unit's project construction, safety measures are incomplete and untargeted

Technical briefings

1. Safety technical briefings are not provided to construction workers according to their majors, or the written briefing materials are incomplete. , Not pertinent, and did not perform the signature procedures as required

2 Safety technical briefing did not put forward specific requirements for environmental protection

Safety inspection

1 Project Department There is no safety inspection system, and no safety inspections are carried out on site

2 There are no records of safety inspections, and hidden dangers are not rectified in a timely manner

1 The project department has not formulated a safety education system, and there is no specific safety education content

2 Arrangement of on-the-job operations without safety training and education for entry-point employees, and no safety training for job changes and personnel using the "four new" personnel

Pre-shift activities

1 The project department does not have a pre-shift activity system, and no pre-shift activities or pre-shift safety activities are recorded.

Be employed with a certificate

1. Special operation work is not maintained To work with a certificate or to work with an expired certificate

Work-related accidents

1 Late reporting, omissions, false reports and concealment of production safety accidents

2 Failure to deal with accidents" Handle accidents within the specified time limit according to the principle of "Four Don't Let Go"

Safety Signs

1 There are no safety warning signs at the construction site, or the arrangement of safety warning signs does not meet the specification requirements

Civilized construction

On-site fencing

1 The project did not set up fencing higher than 2.5m around the construction site in the main urban section

2 General The height of the construction site fence is less than 1.8 meters, and the materials are not strong, unstable, untidy, and do not meet the standard requirements

1 Personnel entering the construction site do not wear complete work cards

Construction site 1. The ground at most construction sites has not been hardened

2. There are no drainage measures or the drainage is not smooth

3. The mud constructed at most construction sites has not been precipitated

4 There is no smoking area on the construction site, so you can smoke freely

Materials are stacked

1. Construction materials, components and tools are not stacked according to the general plan

2. Standard signs for material piles Incomplete labeling of material names, varieties, and specifications

3. Materials are not stacked neatly

4. Materials are not cleared after completion

Fire prevention on site

1 There is no fire protection measure system or fire extinguishing equipment

2 The fire extinguishing equipment is unreasonable

3 There is no fire approval procedure or fire supervision for those who need to use open flames on site

Comprehensive management of public security

1. Responsibilities of the public security system are not assigned to individuals

2. Public security prevention measures are insufficient and theft occurs

Construction site signs

1 The signs are not standardized and neat, and the content is incomplete

2 The safety slogans are incomplete and not eye-catching

3 There is no "five signs and one picture" facility

Living facilities

1. The hygiene of the canteen is not up to standard

2. Domestic garbage is nowhere to be found

Medical measures

Health care and first aid

1 No health care medical kit

2 No first aid measures and first aid equipment

3 No first aid training on duty Personnel

4 No health and disease prevention publicity and education

Community services

1 No dust and noise prevention measures

2 Night construction No construction permit

3 On-site burning of toxic and harmful substances

4 No construction measures to avoid disturbing the public

Construction machines and tools

1 Planing , circular saws, steel machinery, hand-held power tools, and mixers. The most common hidden dangers are that there is no protective zero connection and no leakage protector, there is no protective cover for the transmission part, and there are no safety devices such as hand guards and handles. There are no safety devices after installation. Acceptance procedures

2 Using one motor for planer and circular saw

3 Using Class I hand-held power tools without wearing insulating products as required

4 Electric welding The machine does not have a secondary no-load voltage-reducing protector or a leakage protector, the primary line length exceeds the regulations or is not protected by a tube, the power supply does not use an automatic switch, the welding wire has more than 3 joints or the insulation is aged, and there is no rain cover

5 The mixer workbench is uneven and unsafe, there is no rainproof shelter, and the hopper has no insurance hook or the hook is not used

6 The storage of gas cylinders does not meet the requirements, the distance between the gas cylinders and the distance between the gas cylinders and the gas cylinders are not in use. The distance between open flames does not meet the regulations, and there is no anti-shock ring and protective cap

7 The automatic device of the dump truck is not sensitive, and the driver is driving without a license or driving illegally

8 The protective device of the submersible pump is not sensitive and cannot be used Unreasonable

9 The piling machinery does not have an ultra-high limit device, and the endurance of its walking route does not meet the requirements of the instruction manual

The motors and switching appliances on the electric construction machinery

1 The motor lacks maintenance, the inlet box has no cover, the fan cover is missing screws or the motor insulation is aged and the insulation resistance value is too low

2 The motor does not match the mechanical power and the motor is too large or too small

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3 After long-term use, the switching appliances have aged, deteriorated, the screws are corroded, the contacts are burned, and the contacts are poor

4 The replaced switching appliances are inconsistent with the original models and specifications

Lifting Equipment

Lifting and Hoisting

1 There is no plan for overweight hoisting operations. There is an operation plan but it has not been approved, and the plan is not very targeted

2 The crane does not have super height and torque limiter

3 The crane hook has no safety device

4 The assembly of the lifting lever does not meet the design requirements

5 The steel wire rope is worn and broken wires exceed the standard

6 The safety factor of the wind rope is less than 3.5 times

7 The lifting point does not meet the design requirements

8 The driver or conductor is on duty without a certificate and is not a driver of this aircraft type Operation

9 The ground endurance of the crane operating surface does not meet the requirements

10 No anti-fall measures for the lifted objects

11 No anti-fall measures for structural hoisting

12 Operators do not wear seat belts, or the seat belts have no secure attachment points

13 There are no dedicated ladders or ramps for personnel to go up and down

14 The edge protection of the working platform does not meet the requirements According to the requirements, the scaffolding boards of the working platform are not fully paved

15. The lifting operators have no reliable footing

16. Objects are stacked extremely high and overloaded

Material hoist ( Gantry and derrick)

Lifting and hoisting

1. The hanging basket has no parking device

2. The hanging basket has no ultra-high limit device

3 No wind rope is installed

4 No steel wire rope is used for the wind rope, and the assembly, angle and ground anchor of the wind rope do not meet the requirements

5 The frame is connected to the building structure The setting of wall poles does not meet the requirements

6 The wear of the steel wire rope has exceeded the scrap standard

7 The steel wire rope has no crossing protection

8 The steel wire mopping the floor

The unloading platform and protection on the 9th floor do not meet the requirements

10. There is no protective shed at the ground feed port

11. The hanging basket has no safety door, and it is illegal to ride up and down the hanging basket

12 The vertical deviation of the frame exceeds the regulations

13 There is no safety device on the drum to prevent the wire rope from slipping

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14 No contact signal

15 No lightning protection device outside the lightning protection range of adjacent buildings

"Three Treasures" and "Four Ports" protection

1 Employees do not have strong awareness of self-protection and do not wear safety helmets or wear safety helmets irregularly when entering the construction site

2 The specifications and materials of the safety net do not meet the requirements, and the flat net and vertical net are not set up as required

3 No safety belts are worn during suspended operations and high-altitude operations, and the safety belt fastening does not meet the requirements

4. There are no protective measures at the stair entrance and overhanging ends of the stair steps

5 There are no protective measures for reserved holes and no protective measures for pits

6 There is no protective shed at the passage entrance or the protective shed is not strong

7 Around the balcony without railings, There are no protective measures on the five adjacent edges such as the perimeter of the roof without scaffolding, both sides of the derrick passage, the outer edges of the unloading platform, and the perimeter of the floors of frame buildings, or the protective measures do not meet the requirements

The foundation pit supports Protection and formwork engineering

Foundation pit support

1 There is no support plan for foundation construction; if there is a support plan, the plan is not targeted and cannot guide the construction; the depth of the foundation pit exceeds 5m , no special design

2. The edge protection measures for the foundation pit do not meet the requirements

3. The safety slope set during pit excavation does not meet the safety slope requirements

4 Effective drainage measures are not provided for foundation pit construction; deep foundation pit construction uses drainage outside the pit, and there are no measures to prevent dangerous settlement of adjacent buildings

5 The distance between the spoil pile around the foundation pit and the edge of the pit Less than the requirements of the design and specifications

6. The construction of the upper and lower passages for workers in the foundation pit does not meet the regulations, or it is steep, narrow, or has no handrails

7. During earth excavation, the " "Fairy soil", that is, digging inwards from the middle and lower parts of the pit wall, allowing the middle and upper soil to collapse naturally

8 Mechanical excavation, the working position of the excavator is not firm

Formwork project

1 Construction plan without formwork

2 There is no design calculation sheet for the cast-in-place concrete formwork support system, and the support system does not meet the specification requirements

3 The material and spacing of the poles supporting the formwork do not meet the requirements

4 The lengths of the columns are inconsistent, or short columns are used to lengthen them, the junctions are not strong, or a few bricks are placed under the columns to increase the height

5 The vertical and horizontal supports are not designed according to the requirements of the specification

6 The lower end of the wooden column is not sawed flat, and there is no backing plate at the lower end

7 The concrete pouring conveyor is not stable and strong

8 There are no protective measures for the working openings and edges

9 There are no isolation and protective measures for vertical operations

There is no reliable foothold for operations above 102m high

Scaffolding

1 There is no erection plan for the scaffolding, and the scaffolders are working without certificates

2. The tie between the scaffolding and the building is not strong enough

3. The distance between the poles is The position of the scissor brace does not meet the requirements of the specification

4. The materials of the scaffolding boards, vertical poles, large horizontal bars and small horizontal bars do not meet the requirements

5. The construction layer is not fully covered with scaffolding boards

6 No explanation was given before the scaffolding was erected, and no inspection and acceptance of the scaffolding sections and after the erection was completed

7 The materials on the scaffolding were stacked unevenly and the load exceeded the regulations

8 The protective railings of the channel and unloading platform do not comply with the regulations

Construction electricity

External electricity protection

1 External electricity lines and projects under construction and scaffolding, The safety distances of lifting machinery and motor vehicle lanes in the site do not meet the requirements of the regulations

2 When the safety distances do not meet the requirements of the regulations, no insulation isolation protective measures are taken and no obvious warning signs are hung

3 The safe distance between protective facilities and external power lines does not meet the regulatory requirements and is not solid and unstable

4 Construction, temporary facilities or stacking of materials and items are carried out directly under the overhead external power lines

Grounding and zero-connection protection system 1 The low-voltage distribution system with a dedicated power supply neutral point directly grounded at the construction site does not use the TN-S zero-connection protection system

2 The power distribution protection system at the construction site is not standardized;

3 The metal casing of electrical equipment is not

Protection neutral line connection

4. The protection neutral line is not laid separately, and switches or fuses are installed on the line.

5. The protection neutral line does not use insulated wires, and the specifications and color markings do not meet the specification requirements.

6 The middle and end points of the power distribution system are not repeatedly grounded

7 The grounding wire of the grounding device does not use two or more conductors, and electrical connections with the grounding body are made at different points. Connection; the grounding body does not use angle steel, steel pipe or smooth round steel

8 The working grounding resistance is greater than 4Ω, and the repeated grounding resistance is greater than 10Ω

9 Construction site cranes, material hoists, construction Lifts and scaffolding did not take lightning protection measures as required by the specifications, and the impact grounding resistance of the lightning protection device was greater than 30Ω

10 Electrical equipment on lightning protection grounding machinery, and the protective neutral line was not repeatedly grounded at the same time

Distribution lines

1 Lines and joints cannot guarantee mechanical strength and insulation strength

2 Lines are not equipped with short-circuit and overload protection, and the conductor cross-section cannot meet the line load current

3 The facilities, materials, phase sequence arrangement, spacing, and distance from adjacent lines or fixtures of the lines do not meet the specification requirements

4 The cables are not laid overhead or buried. It can be installed openly along the ground or laid along scaffolding, trees, etc.

5 Indoor non-buried exposed main lines are less than 2.5m above the ground

Distribution boxes and switch boxes

1 The power distribution system at the construction site does not adopt a three-level power distribution and a two-level leakage protection system, and the electrical equipment is not equipped with its own dedicated switch box

2 The box structure, electrical settings in the box and The use does not meet the requirements of the specification

3 The distribution box does not have separate working neutral line terminal board and protective neutral line terminal board, and the protective neutral line and working neutral line are not connected through their respective terminal boards

4 The main distribution box and switch box are not equipped with leakage protectors, or the parameters of the leakage protectors do not match or are insensitive

5 The box is not equipped with system wiring diagrams and shunt marks, and has no doors, locks and Rainproof measures

6 The installation position, height and surrounding passages of the box do not meet the specification requirements

7 The distance between the distribution box and the switch box exceeds 30m, and the distance between the switch box and the electrical equipment The distance exceeds 3m

Power distribution room and power distribution device

1 The building fire resistance level of the power distribution room does not meet the requirements of the specification, and the power distribution room is not equipped with fire extinguishing equipment suitable for electrical fires

2 The layout of the power distribution room and power distribution devices does not meet the specification requirements

3. The settings of instruments and electrical components in the power distribution device do not meet the specification requirements

4. No measures were taken to prevent the intrusion of wind, rain and small animals in the power distribution room

5. No warning signs, construction site power supply plan and system diagram were set up in the power distribution room

On-site lighting

1 Lighting electricity is not separated from power electricity

2 Special places and hand-held lighting lamps are not powered by safe voltage

3 Lighting transformers do not use double-winding safety isolation transformers

4 The metal shell of the lamp is not connected to the protective neutral line

5 The distance between the lamp and the ground and flammable objects does not meet the specification requirements

6 Lighting circuit and safety voltage The erection of the lines did not meet the requirements of the specification

7 The construction site was not equipped with emergency lighting as required by the specification

Electricity files

1 The general contractor and the subcontractor did not Sign a temporary electricity management agreement to clarify the relevant responsibilities of all parties

2 The construction site has not formulated a special electricity construction organization design and a special plan for external electricity protection

3 Special electricity construction organization design, The special plan for external power protection did not go through the approval process, and it was not accepted by the relevant departments after implementation

4. Various records of electricity consumption were not filled in as required, and the records were untrue

5. Electricity consumption files The information is incomplete and there is no dedicated person to manage it

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