How to prevent malaria?

On April 24th, April in Beijing, the weather was sunny and spring was full. But in spring, there is a disease that needs special attention, and that is malaria. Mao Qunan, director of the Municipal Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health and Health Commission, said at the press conference held this morning that the process of eliminating malaria in China was generally smooth, and 3/kloc-0 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported imported malaria cases. From 2065438 to 2007, a total of 2,675 malaria cases (2,672 imported cases and 3 cases infected by blood transfusion) were reported nationwide. For the first time, no local cases were reported in the whole year, and all cases were imported from abroad.

In 20 17, there was no report of local malaria infection for the first time in China.

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by plasmodium parasitic on human body, mainly caused by the bite of infected Anopheles or blood transfusion infection. The latest data report shows that there are 9 1 countries and regions in the world, among which 15 countries (all in sub-Saharan Africa except India) bear 80% of the global malaria burden. In 20 16, it is estimated that there are 2160,000 malaria cases in the world, which is 5 million more than that in 20 15.

In China, in 1950s, according to incomplete statistics, there were 1829 districts and counties where malaria was prevalent, accounting for about 80% of the number of districts and counties at that time. The number of malaria cases in the annual peak period can reach more than 30 million, and the mortality rate is about 1%. The number of malaria cases ranks first among all kinds of infectious diseases, which seriously endangers people's health and life safety and affects economic and social development.

Mao Qunan pointed out that our party and government attach great importance to malaria prevention and control, and have formulated and implemented many prevention and control plans for many years. With the unremitting efforts of governments and departments at all levels and the vast number of disease control workers, the incidence of malaria in China has continued to decline. By 20 10, the incidence of malaria in 95% of the 24 malaria-endemic provinces in China has dropped to less than one in ten thousand. By 20 15, the local transmission of malaria in the border areas of Yunnan and Tibet has been controlled, and imported from abroad has become the main source of malaria cases.

In 20 17, there was no report of local malaria infection for the first time in China, and 2672 imported cases and 3 cases of blood transfusion infection were reported nationwide. At the same time, 99.5% of counties and 83.3% of cities passed the malaria elimination assessment, and Shanghai became the first place to pass the provincial malaria elimination assessment.

Overseas importation has become the main source of malaria cases.

"For imported cases, we must control them." Mao Qunan stressed that if imported cases are not found in time, it may cause great spread in China.

He pointed out that malaria pathogens are widely distributed and must continue to be prevented and controlled. There are several difficulties now: first, imported cases from abroad may cause great spread in China if they are not found in time; Second, border areas adjacent to epidemic areas, such as Yunnan and Tibet, are the focus of the next step. These areas have also formulated local action plans to prevent and control malaria epidemics. The National Health Commission has given strong technical support to this. Every quarter, the reported cases will be reviewed by experts one by one, and some serious cases will be promptly organized by national experts for guidance; The third is to remind medical workers to find malaria cases in time in daily clinical work and report them in time as required.

"Today's press conference also reminds the public about malaria, especially those who travel abroad." Mao Qunan stressed that since there are no local cases in China, mainly imported cases, people who travel abroad should seek medical advice in time if they have symptoms when they enter the country. This is conducive to the prevention and control of the epidemic, and more importantly, it is conducive to the early diagnosis and early treatment of its own diseases.

The most effective preventive measures are to prevent malaria and avoid mosquito bites.

As summer approaches, more and more people travel abroad. How to prevent malaria? For people who have been abroad in malaria-endemic areas, if they find malaria symptoms such as fever after returning home, how to deal with them in time?

Zhou Shuisen, director and researcher of Malaria Department of Institute of Parasitology, China CDC, said that there are many imported cases every year because more and more people leave China. If you have suspected symptoms such as chills, fever and sweating after returning to China, you should pay special attention to two aspects: First, you should take the initiative to declare to the inspection and quarantine department when you enter the country, so that you can find and treat it in time. Due to the high proportion of malignant diseases imported from abroad, severe malaria may even lead to death if it is not treated in time; Second, if you have suspected symptoms of chills and fever within one year after returning to China, you should go to the local hospital in time.

When talking about the methods of diagnosing malaria in China, Zhou Shuisen said that there are two treatments for malaria: one is falciparum malaria. Most imported malaria is malignant malaria, which is treated with artemisinin compound drugs. Our country has products, which are provided by local institutions free of charge. There is also a vivax malaria, which is the main species of plasmodium in China. It can be treated with chloroquine and primaquine for eight days and strengthened once the next spring.

Zhou Shuisen reminded that the most effective preventive measures to prevent mosquito bites are to use mosquito nets, pesticides and mosquito coils when going abroad to malaria-endemic countries or regions. Preventive drugs such as piperaquine phosphate or chloroquine phosphate can also be carried in the epidemic season. It is suggested that it is best to consult local disease control institutions or entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments to obtain preventive information and preventive drugs.

The content comes from People's Daily Online.