Which city does Maoxian, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province belong to?

Subordinate to: Maoxian County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Origin of County Name: According to the Records of Old Tang Dynasty and Maozhou, Maozhou was named after Shi Mao Mountain, which was used from the Tang Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China. Mao Wen was once named 1958, and most of Inmao County was located in Wenshan area, and later renamed Aba Prefecture. Fengyi Town, the county seat.

Geographical location: Maoxian County is located in the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, the transition zone from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to West Sichuan Plain, and adjacent to Beichuan, Anxian, Mianzhu, Shifang, Pengzhou, Wenchuan, Lixian and Songpan counties. It is 94.8km wide from north to south and 1 16.5km long from east to west. Its geographical coordinates are 3 1 24' ~ 32 17' north latitude and10256' ~104/0 east longitude.

Topography: There are many mountains and deep rivers in this area. The surface is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the landform is dominated by mountains and valleys. Most of the peaks in the county are about 4,000m above sea level, with a relative height of about 1, 500 ~ 2,500 m. The highest peak in the west is Wannian Xuefeng, with an altitude of 5,230 m.. Only in Tumen area in the east, the mountains and valley slopes are low, with a relative height of about 800m m, and the valley in the lower reaches of Tumen River is low, with an altitude of only 890m, which is the lowest point in the county. The geological structure in the territory is complex, and it is located in the Longmenshan seismic belt, which is one of the seismic active areas in China. The Minjiang River runs through the whole territory from north to south. Heishui River, Chibusu River and Songping River join the Minjiang River at the mouth of Daxiang River and Diexi Town respectively. Tumen River runs through Tumen area from west to east and flows into Fujiang River system.

Area population: the area is 3,885.6 square kilometers, with a population of 90,956, of which the Qiang nationality accounts for 88.92%.

Administrative divisions: the county governs 3 towns, 19 townships, 149 villagers' committees, 472 villagers' groups, 2 residents' committees and 4 residents' groups.

Natural climate: the climate is dry and windy, and Leng Xia is cool in winter, with large temperature difference between day and night and great regional differences. The annual average temperature in the county is 1 1.2℃, the average temperature in July is 20.9℃, the lowest temperature is-1 1.6℃, and the highest temperature is 32℃. The average sunshine hours are 1557.438+0 hours. The annual precipitation is 490.7mm, and the average evaporation is1375.7mm. The frost-free period is 2 15.8 days. The temperature in the valley is very different from that in the mountains. In spring, the snow and ice in the mountains have not melted, and the valley is full of flowers.

History and culture: Maoxian county has discovered many tribal cultural sites where ancient people lived and lived in different times, the most famous of which is Yingpanshan site. The upper reaches of Minjiang River is a corridor for some ancient ethnic exchanges. Over the past half century, many Neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and along the Zagunao River. Recently, complete painted pottery and other artifacts have been found and unearthed in Maoxian and other places, which are similar to Majiajiao cultural types in Longxi and Longnan. According to the textual research of cultural relics unearthed in Maoxian County, the ancestors of Qiang nationality lived and multiplied in this land in Qin and Han Dynasties, and changed from nomadic life to settled life.

Maoxian scenic resources: Mineral resources include phosphorus, manganese, vanadium, titanium, gypsum and marble. There are many kinds of wild animals and plants, including the main herb 189 species, high-quality trees such as Abies, Spruce and Birch in Minjiang River, 56 rare trees such as Cypress, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis and Albizia Albizia, and 574 Chinese herbal medicines 184 families, with a total distribution area of more than 500,000 mu, among which Cordyceps sinensis, Gastrodia elata and Fritillaria are famous. Animals and birds belong to 4 1 species and10/genus, among which giant panda, red panda, golden monkey, pronghorn, leopard, crested deer, argali and red-bellied pheasant are rare animals under special state protection. There are many rivers in the territory, with fast-flowing water and huge potential of hydropower resources. The hydropower reserve is 6,543,800+275,000 kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 398,000 kilowatts.

Tourism resources: Maoxian has a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, and many places of interest. There is the Tang Dynasty cliff stone carving "Dianjiangtai"; Simple and beautiful Sanyuan Bridge built by 1886; There is one of the most intact earthquake sites in the world, the Silkworm Mausoleum site, which was destroyed in the Diexi earthquake in 1933. Diexi and Songpinggou provincial natural scenic spots; Exploration of Qiang folk customs: Ancient villages, plank roads, watchtowers and historic sites, and Tuziling Forest Park can be enjoyed and enjoyed by Chinese and foreign tourists.

Native products: Maoxian county is the hometown of fruits. Cherry can be tasted in spring, and apples, peaches, plums, plums and walnuts are abundant in summer. Maoxian apples are well-known at home and abroad, and dried fruits such as peppers and walnuts are of high quality and high yield. You can go to the market or orchard to buy it yourself. Maoxian Zanthoxylum bungeanum is very famous, especially in Goukou Township. Maoxian can also buy gastrodia elata, Angelica sinensis, Fritillaria, Codonopsis pilosula, Cordyceps sinensis, Radix Astragali, lotus root, Notopterygium root, rhubarb and other precious Chinese herbal medicines, as well as wild mushrooms, beans, wild vegetables and other foods. Raw lacquer is also a specialty of Maoxian County. Ethnic carpets, Qiang embroidery and Qiang costumes have long enjoyed a good reputation.

physical geography

Located in the southeast of Autonomous Prefecture, adjacent to Beichuan, Anxian, Mianzhu, Shijiao, Pengxian, Wenchuan, Lixian and Songpan counties. It is 94.8km wide from north to south and 1 16.5km long from east to west. Its geographical coordinates are 3124' ~ 3217' north latitude and 0/02 56' ~104 65438+east longitude. Located in the transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the western Sichuan Plain, the mountains are towering, the peaks are overlapping, the valleys are deep and the cliffs stand tall. There are Minshan Mountain in the north, Longmen Mountain in the south and Qionglai Mountain in the west, which is known as the "dangerous peak inserted into the Han Valley". The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the mountain range is about 4 0 0 0 meters above sea level. Wannian Xuefeng, the highest peak in the west, is 5230 meters above sea level, and the bottom of the lower reaches of Tumen River in the east is 890 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in the country.

The scenic geological structure of Maoxian county is complex, most of which belongs to Marcand geological division, and the narrow part in the southeast belongs to Longmenshan geological division. The rock stratum is mainly composed of sand ash, black shale, slate and igneous rock. The soil is mainly dark brown soil, cinnamon soil and brown soil. Located in the Longmenshan seismic belt, it is one of the seismically active areas in China.

The Minjiang River runs through the whole territory from north to south. Heishui River, Chibusu River and Songping River join the Minjiang River at the big and small estuaries and Jiaochang Town respectively. Tumen River runs through Tumen area from west to east and flows into Fujiang River system.

The climate is dry and windy, and Leng Xia is cool in winter, with large temperature difference between day and night and great regional differences. The average temperature in the county is 1 1. 1℃, the lowest temperature is-1 1.6℃ and the highest temperature is 32℃. The average sunshine hours are 1557.438+0 hours. The annual precipitation is 490.7mm, and the average evaporation is1375.7mm. The frost-free period is 2 15.8 days. The temperature in the valley is very different from that in the mountains. In spring, the snow and ice in the mountains have not melted, and the valley is full of flowers.

Architectural evolution

In ancient times, this was a test of the land. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Wenshan County was established, which was juxtaposed with Wenjiang Road. In the third year of Dijie (67 BC), Wenshan County was established. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wenjiang Road was established. In the third year of Yongzheng (109), it was changed to Guanghan, belonging to Guo Duwei, and in the third year of Yan Guang (124), Wenjiang County was restored. The Jin Dynasty was renamed Yangguang County. Liang was located in the northern county of Shengzhou, changed to Huizhou in Sui Dynasty, and changed to Wenshan County in the first year of Renshou (6 years). In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (634), Nanhui Prefecture was changed to Maozhou, and Wenshan County was led. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was still Maozhou, leading Tonghua County and Wenshan County.

In the seventeenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1384), it was still Maozhou, which was placed under the defense of Maozhou, and Wenshan County entered the province. In Qing Dynasty, Maozhou was changed to Zhili. 2 years (19 13), Maozhou was changed to Maoxian. 1950 1 Maoxian was liberated and stayed in Maoxian. 1In July, 958, Wen, Li and Mao counties merged to form Qiang Autonomous County, which ruled Weizhou. 1March 963, the three counties divided and ruled. The county magistrate moved back to Fengyi Town. 1987 12, Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County was abolished and still located in Maoxian County.

1950 to 1953, which is the residence of Maoxian Special Committee and Xizang Autonomous Region People's Government. Fengyi Town is 93km away from Chengdu, the provincial capital, and 290km away from Marcand, the state capital.

The origin of county names

From the Tang Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the name of "Maozhou" was named after Shi Mao Mountain, a county boundary. In the early years of the Republic of China, Tingzhou changed to a county and used its old name. 1958 When Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County was founded, it was named after Maoxian and Wenchuan respectively. Most of Maowen county is located in Wenshan area, so it is called Wenshan, which is shared by ancient Chinese and Fujian. The ancients called Jiuding Mountain in China "the head of Fujian (Wenshan) Mountain" or "the table of Ranyan Wenshan Mountain". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Ran Yan asked ministers to set up officials", so Ran Yan was chosen as Wenshan County or Wenshan County, hence the name Wenshan.

Song Yongxi (984-987 AD) in Maoxian County has a population of 1 155, and the population in the middle of Ming Dynasty was 28 140. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), the population was 43,257. Later, due to war and famine, the population dropped from 1950 to 37300. 1964 79208 people. 1990 * * * Yes 17429 households with 90956 people. Among them, there are 46,927 males and 44,029 females, with an agricultural population of 8 1.986 and an urban population of 8,970. The birth rate is 24‰ and the natural growth rate is 17.9‰.

Maoxian is a county where Qiang people live in compact communities, and it is the county with the largest population of Qiang people in China, with a total of 80,875 people, accounting for 88.92% of the total population. Qiang nationality is one of the ancient nationalities. Qiang people call themselves "Rimai" and "Ermayina". In ancient times, the Qiang people lived in the west of China, and their activities have been recorded in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions. During the Qin dynasty, the Qiang people in the northwest began to migrate on a large scale, and some of them came to live and multiply in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, such as Maoxian County today.

financial resources

Rich in natural resources, mineral resources include phosphorus, manganese, vanadium, titanium, gypsum, marble, anthracite and so on. There are many kinds of wild animals and plants, including main herbs 189 species; There are high-quality tree species such as fir, spruce and birch, 56 rare tree species such as cypress, ginkgo, yew and albizzia, and 574 Chinese medicinal materials 184 families, with a total distribution area of more than 500,000 mu and a total reserve of more than 54 billion kilograms, among which Cordyceps sinensis, Gastrodia elata and Fritillaria are famous. Animals and birds belong to 4 1 species and10/genus, among which giant panda, red panda, golden monkey, pronghorn, leopard, crested deer, argali and red-bellied pheasant are rare animals under special state protection.

There are many rivers in China, and the water flows rapidly. The hydropower reserves are 1.27 million kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 398,000 kilowatts, which has great potential. The unique cultural landscape is integrated with the peculiar natural landscape formed under special natural conditions. The scenery of "Nine Sunrises", "Four sides of the mountain reflect back to the peak, and a pool of clear water flows in a narrow mouth", the lake color of Diexi Haizi, and the beautiful scenery of Songpinggou Group of the sea with blue waves and deep forests are of great development value.

Before liberation, people of all ethnic groups suffered heavy feudal oppression and exploitation and lacked the means of production. Backward farming techniques, extensive planting and poor harvest, coupled with poppy cultivation, have seriously restricted the development of agricultural production. Most of the cultivated land is concentrated in mountainous areas, so it is difficult to irrigate farmland and drink water for people and livestock. 1949, the grain yield per mu was only 120 Jin, and farmers worked hard all the year round, unable to get enough food and clothing. After liberation, the people's government invested a lot of money to organize farmers to build water conservancy projects, reclaim wasteland, improve soil and farming techniques, and gradually implement scientific farming. The implementation of the agricultural production contract responsibility system has greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production, and the grain output has increased steadily and the people's income has been increasing. 1990 produced 225 kilograms of grain per mu, and the total output reached 37.323 million kilograms, 3.75 times and 5.5 times of 1949 respectively. The per capita income in rural areas is 587.4 yuan and 455 kilograms of grain, which is1.8 times and 2. 15 times that of 1950. 1990, there were more than 250 water conservancy facilities with an effective irrigation area of 50,200 mu, more than 70 rural drinking water projects 170, and 32 small hydropower stations with a total installed capacity of 642 1 kW. More than 95% of townships and 84. 4% of farmers use electricity. Agricultural machinery has also been widely used.

The usable area of natural grassland is 6.5438+0.29 million mu. Before liberation, livestock were mixed, livestock breeds were degraded and epidemics prevailed. After liberation, scientific breeding techniques were popularized, variety improvement was emphasized, and animal husbandry and veterinary institutions at all levels were established. Epidemic diseases have been effectively controlled and prevented, and animal husbandry production has developed steadily. 1990 has livestock 1 19700, which is 3.42 times that of 1949, and the total output value accounts for 29.8% of the total agricultural output value.

The forest resources are abundant, from 1.950 to 1.985, the cutting amount reached 332,500 cubic meters. In 1980s, the standing stock was 26.62 million cubic meters. In the1980s, forest management was strengthened, deforestation was stopped, and reforestation and afforestation were emphasized. The forest coverage rate rose from 24.34% in the 1970s to 27.44% in the 1980s. There are economic forests, apples, peppers, bloodshot plums and so on. 1990 Apple1400,000 varieties with a total output of 7,646 tons. Among them, Golden Crown, Red Star and Red Crown have won the national fruit appraisal for many times and entered the international market. "Dahongpao" pepper is fragrant and colorful, and it is a superior variety in dried fruits. 1990 has more than 4.5 million Zanthoxylum bungeanum plants, with a total output of185,000 kg, 2.47 times that before liberation.

Before liberation, there were only small handicrafts that processed copper, iron and silver. After liberation, industry developed from scratch. In 1990, there were 65 state-owned and collective enterprises in food, brewing, wood cutting and processing, leather making and machinery maintenance, and the total industrial output value was15.36 million yuan, 16.3 times and 68.2 times respectively. Carpets and other products are exported to foreign countries, and leather products have won many awards in China.

Before liberation, the traffic was blocked, which was known as "the plank road in Can Cong is dangerous, but the suspension bridge is difficult to cross the cable". Transportation depends on people carrying livestock. After liberation, Mao Wei, Maobei, Maohei and Maosong highways, Mao Wen Bridge and Lianghekou Bridge across Minjiang River were built successively. With a total length of 275 kilometers, China has basically formed a transportation network with county and township highways as the main body.

After liberation, the post and telecommunications industry has developed greatly, and the postal service has gradually ended the history of the postal route. In 1990, there were 5 post offices, 243 kilometers of postal routes, 7 telephone and telegraph circuits, and 24 1 department was opened, with a total postal business of 340,000 yuan.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Maozhou City was an important commodity distribution center in northwest Sichuan. Zanthoxylum bungeanum, medicinal materials, fur, yellow smoke, soil nitrate, soil alkali and other bulk agricultural and sideline products are sold to the mainland, and Anhui and Mian merchants sell daily necessities such as tea, oil, salt, sugar, wine, cloth and rice to Songnan, Nanhei and other places. During the Republic of China, opium entered the market and the business developed abnormally. "Industrial products are as expensive as gold, and local products are as cheap as earth." After liberation, ethnic trade developed rapidly, and commercial and supply and marketing service outlets spread all over urban and rural areas, which greatly facilitated the needs of people's production and life and promoted the development of urban and rural economy. 1990 The total retail sales of social goods was 34.73 million yuan. The domestic net sales of commercial supply and marketing is19.93 million yuan. 245 varieties of agricultural and sideline products were listed, with a turnover of more than 5.8 million yuan. There are 890 individual industrial and commercial households with 1265 employees and a turnover of 2.84 million yuan.

The fiscal revenue is single, making ends meet, and it is a remote and poor county. Since liberation, fiscal revenue has increased. 1990 total fiscal revenue109.65 million yuan, of which the superior subsidy is 76 1 10,000 yuan. People's income is increasing. In 1990, the average annual income of urban workers was 2 103.52 yuan. Housing conditions have gradually improved, and high-end goods such as televisions and washing machines have entered urban and rural families, and people's living standards have been improving day by day.

On the eve of cultural liberation, there were only 1 middle schools, 58 primary schools (including private schools), 1 hospitals and 13 Chinese medicine shops in the county. 96% of the population in this county is illiterate. After liberation, education developed rapidly. 1990: There are primary schools 188, middle schools 8, 970 teaching staff and students 15006. The enrollment rate and consolidation rate of school-age children reached 82% and 89.5% respectively. After liberation, medical and health undertakings also developed rapidly. Hospitals, health centers and institutes have been established in counties, districts and townships (towns), with hospital beds 186, 307 health technicians and 37 health institutions at all levels. Institutions such as epidemic prevention stations and maternal and child health stations have also been established, and medical outlets for disease prevention and treatment have been basically established throughout the county. Sports facilities were gradually improved, and mass sports activities flourished. There are national cultural relics protection units such as Long Mu Tusi Tomb, Maozhou Ancient City Site, Diexi Mo Yan Statue, etc.

Historical events in other counties, such as "Sanqi, Heihu returned to the state after taking off the soil" and "salt shop", shocked feudal rule. The Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants established revolutionary base areas and Soviet regime during the Long March, and 2,000 sons and daughters of Qiang people joined the Red Army, making contributions to the revolution. During the Republic of China, the "angry killing Sun Tiger", "Longping Incident" and "Maobei Incident" attacked the rule of the Kuomintang.

After liberation, attention was paid to training ethnic minority cadres, who accounted for more than 56% of the total number of cadres. In the cause of liberation and socialist construction in Maoxian county, people of all ethnic groups in Maoxian county have made outstanding contributions.

202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Maoxian ranked 338th.

202 1 1 19 The State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Maoxian as the eighth batch of national demonstration zones for national unity and progress.

In June, 2020, Maoxian County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Fourth Army)).

2065438+On August 6th, 2008, Maoxian won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in the national legal county creation activities.

On February 20 16 16, Maoxian county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 15.