What are the famous couplets in Kunming? (except Dragon Company of Daguanlou)

1At the beginning of August, 1999, I visited Dongba couplets in Lijiang, Yunnan, and visited the World Horticultural Exposition via Kunming. During my visit, I copied all the couplets of the Expo Park, both inside the China Pavilion and outside the Garden. Except for the engraving on the doorpost, the indoor mounting and hanging are all copied, all of which are * * * 54 pairs. Even if there are omissions, it is only a few. In the process of copying these couplets (let's just say so), I often feel puzzled, sometimes even surprised, and strongly feel the need to write a couplet. Now the evaluation will be made one by one according to the arrangement order of the provincial pavilions in the Expo site. Although it is not necessarily a good work, no problems are found, only couplets are listed without further analysis; If you find a problem, say what it is, even if it is done by a celebrity. Because there are not many questions about the content, this paper focuses on whether it conforms to the couplet rules. In the main exhibition hall of China Pavilion, there are two couplets on both sides of the stone screen of Dali to welcome the World Expo: Cangshan is full of rhyme and moon;

Strange stones spit clouds and smoke. The facade of Hunan Foreign Museum is the second door of Yuelu Academy in Changsha. There is a couplet on it: only Chu Youcai;

Prosperity is in the future. This couplet was written by Yuan, president of Yuelu Academy, and Zhang Zhongjie, a student of Yuelu Academy during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. The first part comes from the sentence "Only Chu is talented and Jin is practical" in Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-six Years of Xianggong. The second part comes from the sentence "When Tang Yu was in trouble, he prospered in Sri Lanka" in The Analects of Taber. The word "upper level and lower level" means "upper level and lower level", which violates the basic leveling law of couplets. However, if the couplet is reversed, the meaning will not be smooth, so it is an example. Jiangxi Foreign Museum is named after "Porcelain Garden", and the couplets are mostly based on Jingdezhen porcelain culture. There are six couplets, five of which are desirable. The main entrance is a pair: it started in Han Xing, flourished in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Long, flourished in Ming Dynasty, and was renamed Millennium.

As white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as thin as paper and as loud as a chime, four unique things work together. Two sentences are broken on each side of this couplet, and each sentence foot conforms to the "level" horseshoe rhyme rule. If the previous sentence is divided into "It started in Han Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and flourished in Ming Dynasty" and "It is as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as thin as paper and as loud as a chime", each side becomes five sentences, and the foot of the sentence does not conform to the law of horseshoe rhyme. If it is strictly required, the words "Han", "Tang", "Song" and "Ming" should also be arranged as "flat and flat", but because of the poor order of the times, we can only let it go. Jade, mirrors, paper and chimes should also be laid flat. Whether we can change a sentence to meet this requirement can also be discussed. "White", "bright" and "fine" are adjectives, while "sound" is a noun, which are incompatible with each other. Use the word "absolute" when you are flat. Maybe the "four absolutes" have a special meaning, which is hard to change, so we have to do it. Other sub-themes are in the museum: integrating art and craft, with both form and spirit;

Both the initial blank and the final device are used for the main body. The fire and candles in the kiln are all colorful;

Song Tao is full of poetry. The other pair is: the garden is named after porcelain and loves the country of porcelain;

Tao is valued and man is cut. This couplet uses tautology. The first part emphasizes the word "porcelain" and the second part emphasizes the word "vessel". The words "country of China" and "Sri Lanka" are literally correct, but "Carter Sri Lanka" doesn't know what it means. One pair is: a quiet courtyard with a real fun environment;

Qi Hua Yao Cao is natural in front of you. The first four words of this couplet are self-aligned. The next subtitle is in the master temple of wind and fire in Taiping kiln. Only the wind is only the fire, and the family is rich;

Immortals are also Buddhas, and Taoist people use them often. Jiangsu Foreign Pavilion displays six pairs of Suzhou gardens. A subtitle is in the place of "making the scenery interesting": Jiangshan is waiting;

Flowers and birds are more selfless. There are three subtitles on the pavilion column by the water: the breeze and the bright moon are priceless;

Get the moon first by being close to the water. After Su Shunqin bought Suzhou Canglang Pavilion for 40,000 yuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, he wrote poems with Ouyang Xiu and others. Sue: "Populus euphratica and egrets are all complacent, and mountains and rivers are all affectionate." Europe: "the breeze and the bright moon are priceless, but it's a pity that they only sell for 40 thousand." In the Qing Dynasty, Liang Zhangju wrote two sentences, The Soviet Union and Europe, which became a famous work. However, the word "Ben" should be flat and flat, and the word "Jun" should be flat and flat, which is still somewhat unsatisfactory. The castle peak outside the ship is horizontal and dark;

The water in front of the boat smells of flowers. This couplet was written by Wu Qin from Suzhou. Ships by the lake smoke;

Look at the green hills next to the sky in the rain. A subtitle is in the Liang Yi Pavilion: there are scenery, feelings and things;

Love and scenery are the most pleasant together. From the second couplet, it seems that this pavilion is called "Sanyi", and why it is only named "Liang Yi" has never been solved. A subtitle is in "the corner of the region": Nanzhao ancient capital, endless in vertical and horizontal directions, and the article has been integrated with thousands of scenes for hundreds of generations;

Wu Dong Xiao Lou, pitching sentient beings, many picture books and a garden. This alliance is stable in the battle. The foot of the upper and lower conjunctions is "flat and flat, flat and flat", although it only conforms to the rhyme of horseshoes, it is not illegal. Only couplets are puzzling. If you mean Kunming today, it is not history. Because the ancient capital of Nanzhao is in Dali today, although Nanzhao once extended its territory to Yunnan Province, it never took Kunming as its capital. If it refers to Dali, it is difficult to connect with the World Expo. An ancient capital, even Kunming now, has a limited scope, and it is not appropriate to describe it as "endless". The capital Beijing, Qufu, Shandong, Chengdu, Sichuan and Xi 'an are easy to understand, but I don't know what allusions to use to illustrate the "Nanzhao Ancient Capital" with long-term cultural underdevelopment. To sum up, there is no essential connection between the two parts of this couplet, and the upper couplet is suspected of being simple with the lower couplet. There is also a pair under the "Putian Non-Sculpture" Museum in Jiangsu, which was inscribed by Huangyan. Yu Lian: Ingenuity;

When you start, spring comes. The calligraphy of this couplet is good, but the upper and lower couplets are wrong. "ingenuity" and "departure", "solo transport" and "adult spring" are both positive structures and object-oriented structures. "Craftsman" as an attribute and "independence" as an adverbial cannot be regarded as self-righting. The main building of Guangdong Garden in Guangdong Foreign Pavilion looks like a ship with two pairs. The title of "Elegant Guangdong Sea" is: Guangdong Sea is clear, and a boat is stationed in the scenery;

Dianchi Lake is warm in spring and full of flowers. This couplet was written by Liu Yisheng, Zhen Dong Guan, Xu Xu, Yu Zaohua and Lian Deng. Another subtitle is in the place of "pillow garden", which is related to the saying: the lake boat shadows the autumn and a half moon;

In spring in Lingnan, the garden is full of flowers. This couplet was written by Wang Yonghua, but only "half" and "south" are wrong. There are three pairs of foreign pavilions in Guizhou. A subtitle is "seclusion": living in a quiet place with mountains and stones;

Water and springs are hidden like fairies. This combination is not harmonious. If you live in Thailand with rocks and mountains, you will hide by the spring and water like a fairy. A subtitle is "building a garden": don't say that Guizhou has less wealth;

It is still a gentle and affectionate hometown. First of all, this couplet has a low artistic conception. Secondly, there is no essential connection between the upper and lower links. The third is the mismatch between "Guizhou is short of money" and "gentle and affectionate hometown". Fourthly, "zhong" and "rou" are not opposed to even sounds. There are five consecutive even sounds in "Tender and Affectionate Hometown", and even sounds do not alternate. A subtitle is "Shimen Kai": wind knife and water sword, carving millions of hectares of bonsai;

Draw an eternal picture with pen and rattan ink. It is meaningless to connect "10,000 hectares of bonsai". Bonsai is artificially made, because no matter how big it is, it is not big, and "hectare" refers to a continuous large area, and no amount of bonsai can be called "Wan Qing". The foot is full of snoring, which is irregular. Except for the foot of the sentence, it is the same as "Zhi", "Qing" and "Gu" and is not antagonistic. There are only two tones between "carving a 10,000-hectare bonsai" and "painting an immortal picture", and "pen" and "ink" are the same. There are three pairs in Chongqing Foreign Pavilion. A subtitle is "Bayu Garden Square": He Gardening Party;

Celebrate the Three Gorges Stone Carving Exhibition. This combination of two feet is illegal. Except for "Garden" and "Three", the upper and lower couplets are all flat and parallel, and flat and parallel are neither opposite nor alternating. "He" and "Qing" have the same meaning, but they are also crossed. A subtitle on the "Bashan Shushui" square: clouds are more colorful than paintings;

It is no wonder that brocade artisans are lush. This is a fair game. Only "transcendence" is equal to "work" and "equality" is equal to "craftsman", and it is flat and uneven. A subtitle is "Pavilion": Songpai Mountain is full of green;

A pearl in the center of the moon. This couplet is from Bai Juyi's poem Spring on the Lake. Because the mound is already in the Yangtze River, the topic of this pavilion is urgent. There are three pairs of Anhui Foreign Pavilion. Two subtopics are in "Mountain noon". One pair is: Ruiying Sanhuai, Huatang Rili;

Lian Fang Five Ghosts, Dish and Breeze. The other pair is: good study, good business and good grades;

It is difficult to start a business, but it is difficult to persist. This couplet is generally good except that the parts of speech of "effect" and "knowledge" are wrong. However, why this kind of couplet should be engraved in this museum requires a lot of thought. There is also a subtitle in Lu Futang: Huizhou architecture is spread all over the world;

Shuikou Garden has been circulated for thousands of years. This couplet is framed and hung. It is against the rules to close the upper and lower couplets. Pai and Kou, Yang and Chuan are not opposites. "School" and "architecture" do not appear alternately. There are three pairs in Shandong Foreign Pavilion. A subtitle in Baotu Spring Guanlan Pavilion: Clouds steaming;

The waves shook Daming Lake. This is the ancient couplet. A subtitle in Peony Pavilion: Striving for the beauty of a Chinese Odyssey;

The first spring in the independent world. A subtitle of Wang Yue Pavilion: Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see it;

Other mountains are dwarfed under the sky .. These are the last two sentences from Du Fu's poem "Looking at Yue". Because there is no antithesis at all, it is not a couplet at all. Sichuan Waiguan was moved from Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu, and more than seven couplets were written by some masters since the Qing Dynasty. A pair of Shaoling Caotang: the west side of Wan Li Bridge;

Baihuatan Beizhuang. This is an excerpt from Du Fu's poem Huai Jin Shui Ju Zhi. As a couplet, it has no characteristics. However, when the horse recorded it as an association, he attacked it and used it. The word "tan" is flat to use, because local names use words, so there is no choice and it is not appropriate to break the law. Three pairs of poets writing the history of poetry: how many poets are there in different generations?

Mr. Wang also lives in a hut, where he lives for a long time, and the moon is white and the wind is clear. This couplet was written by Gu Fuchu in Qing Dynasty and by Guo Moruo and Yu Liqun. The world is scarred, and the book is a saint;

The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. This couplet was written by Guo Moruo. Caotang stays in the future;

Poets are immortal. This couplet was written by Zhu De. Flowers, snow and red silk dance;

Open the golden spring. This joint topic is about flower diameter, which was written by Guo Moruo. The next two sub-topics are on the water sill: spring is not old here;

Yiren is on the edge of the water. This couplet was written by Tan Guangzhuo in Qing Dynasty. "Not old" and "Zhi Ya" are a little out of harmony. Higher art;

Beautify nature. This is Chen Yi's topic. Up and down are not aligned. Maybe Chen Yi's inscription on art links here. There is a couplet in Hebei Foreign Pavilion, entitled "Water Flowing Clouds" in chengde mountain resort Denghu Pavilion. Li Anyun: Su Ying writes waves, and there is no heat in the Qing Dynasty;

The breeze blows in the forest, and it is best to be crisp in autumn. This couplet can be played, but it is not even. If the word "Lin" is changed to "Xusheng", not only the foot of the sentence can be even, but also the word "wind" can be alternated. "Environment" and "Qi", "Nothing" and "Appropriate" are equivalent. Tianjin Waiguan also has a winged pavilion: Jimen Jingu, half moon, dream Nanzhao, leaving this pavilion with wings;

Cangshan Erhai Lake, four seasons camellia, northland fragrance, attracts Sri Lankans. This couplet, written by Zhong Zhang, is fair in antithesis, but the content is a bit dull. The World Expo is in Kunming, but it is Nanzhao, which is now Dali, and it is the camellia of Cangshan Erhai Lake in Dali. Why do you have a soft spot for Dali? Moreover, the camellia in Dali is not always in bloom, and it can't be seen in Dali in July and August. "Si Ren" is this person, which is a special reference. "Fascinating" is a classic of Tao Qian's Peach Blossom Spring, but who attracted it? According to the requirements of horseshoe rhyme rules, if there are four sentences on each side, the feet of the sentences should be flush and flush. This joint foot has two horizontal tones, the upper joint foot is "flat" and the lower joint foot is "flat", which are all confused. There is no contradiction between "door" and "mountain", "minute" and "time", "arrival" and "person". Tao and Zhao, court and nature, history and China, coming and fullness and law do not alternate. There are a pair of customs in Qinghai: the snow foothills of Kunlun Mountain, the source of rivers, and newly painted paintings of ancient Qiang people;

At the foot of Sun Moon Mountain, Hehuang Valley reproduces the landscape of plateau mountains and rivers. This is a fair game. But "Lu" and "Xia" are synonymous, and the word "He" is irregular and heavy. According to the rules of horseshoe rhyme, if there are three sentences on each side, the foot of the sentence should be "flat and flat, flat and flat", while the joint foot has always been two sounds, the upper joint foot is "flat and flat" and the lower joint foot is "flat and flat". River and yellow, painting and present, Qiang and Yuan, love and Sichuan are not antagonistic. "River" and "Head", "Qiang" and "Love", "Moon" and "Xiaxia" do not alternate. The last sentence of the next couplet should be "plain". There is a couplet on the memorial archway of Jin State in Shanxi Foreign Museum: exploring grotesque caves in loess;

Civilization recalls the past, and Tang Yu is prosperous. When the word "show" is changed to a flat voice, and the words "Yan" and "Xing" are changed to a flat voice, it will be smooth. There are two pairs in Liaoning Foreign Pavilion. At the door is: Liaoshui Xiaguang paved with colorful brocade;

The garden is full of wind, and the moon is reflected in spring. This couplet is inscribed with the word "start a prairie fire". The other is installed and hung indoors. Unified as follows: the black soil in Guandong is rich in the three seas;

Great pride pervades the countryside beyond the Great Wall. This couplet is written to celebrate the World Expo, which is quite imposing. Mazu Pavilion I: German Assimilation;

Zerun is a stranger. The Botanical Garden mainly introduces the vegetation in Yunnan, including several pairs. A subtitle is at the main entrance: Ye Mao, with deep roots and leaves, building materials can grow in time;

The forest is deep, the oasis is overwhelming, and the rivers can be clear. This couplet was written by Zhang Maoqing. In terms of confrontation, except for the combination of "building materials" and "rivers", it is still stable. There are three problems: first, the leveling is seriously out of balance. It is against the rules to say that your feet are flush. Even the words are more messy. The first sentence of the upper and lower couplets is "plain", exactly the same. There is no contradiction between the "depth" of the upper part and the "level" of the lower part. The word "material" should be flat, and the word "length" should be flat. The words "river", "Qing" and "period" should be "flat and flat" and they are all flat. Second, the word "deep" is irregular and heavy. Third, "hope" and "expectable" are suspected of crossing hands. There are two sub-themes in the exhibition hall. One is written by Zhang Maoqing: the exhibition room can accommodate Yunling Plateau, six mountains, five water systems, ten lakes and seas, steep canyons and vast smoke waves;

Looking around, we can see the majestic ancient Yunnan, tropical forests, temperate vegetation and frigid landscape, which are rare and rare, with thousands of species. This couplet is difficult to break sentences from the beginning. The above methods are basically feasible, but it is not known whether the partners are interested. A few things don't work. "Exhibition room" and "wide view", "plateau" and "towering", "steep canyon" and "rare earth", "misty waves" and "thousands of species" do not match. Although the middle three sentences can be regarded as self-correction, "mountain range" and "water system" are partial structures, and "lake and sea" are combined structures, but they are also inconsistent. Joint feet should be "flat up and down", all of which are flat tones, which violates the routine. Room and eye, big and belt, department and quilt, precipitous and world, hazy and species are equal but not opposite; There is no alternation between "Da" and "Pulse", "Da" and "Iron", "Da" and "Sea", "Steep" and "Valley", "Eye" and "Vision", "Yunnan" and "Hubei", "Belt" and "quilt". The other couple has no name. Lian Yue: Trees spread the meaning of spring, hoping for beautiful mountains and rivers, full of green;

Gardening expresses the aspiration and praise of people living in harmony with nature for thousands of years. This connection between "trees" and "gardening" is unbalanced. There are still many leveling problems. "Beautiful and verdant" has five conjunctions, and "Heaven and Man are one" has four conjunctions, all of which have no alternation. Both "wood" and "art" are weak sounds, while "Sichuan" and "people" are flat sounds, and there is no opposition. A subtitle in the hall is in the place of "Eight Famous Flowers in Yunnan": Magnolia and Meconopsis, with Alpine Gentiana;

Camellia Yunling is lit on orchids, lilies and azaleas. This couplet is a series of "Eight Famous Flowers in Yunnan". Because the flower name is not easy to change, the level in the sentence can be relaxed appropriately, but at least don't violate the rules at the foot. The word "cuckoo" is flat and unconventional, which seems awkward to read. In fact, this problem can be solved as long as the flower names are properly exchanged and some adjustments are made in the statement. There are three pairs in the ecological garden. One pair is: Who is better, eco-Tian Zi?

Looking at nature, beauty and goodness are balanced. "Who is better" is the subject-predicate structure of this couplet, and "* * * balance" is a partial structure, which is wrong. A subtitle is in "Tianqu": Yun Teng is full of smoke;

Interesting and sweet, and the moon is bright in You Lan. This couplet is inscribed with the word "Tianqu". A subtitle is in "Respect for Life": Cui Yu colleague, fragrant world;

Sacred and beautiful. There are a couple in the northwest booth of the Museum of Man and Nature: their quiet residence in the bright moon Panasonic;

Until Sunday, the low sky was full of cock crowing and dog barking. This couplet is from Wang Wei's poem A Trip to Taoyuan. If the word "chicken" is not pronounced, it will be smoother. In addition, there are three sets of International Stone Appreciation Art Museum. One is addressed to Mai Peiman: Expo makes friendship;

Tianya * * * enjoys stones. These two sentences are not even couplets, and they are not couplets at all. There is a subtitle in "Qing Xin": moonlight shines in the pine forest;

Crystal gems in the stream. This couplet is a famous sentence from Wang Wei's poem "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains". There is also a pair of incense pavilions on the hillside: one guest crosses the grass;

Cooking tea makes the wind blow. This joint is a flowing pair, and it is ok to fight. The upper part of the couplet is all flat characters, and the lower part is all flat characters except the first word, which is seriously unbalanced. Some of these couplets are well written and relatively good, some are basically passable but have some defects, and some do not conform to the laws of couplets at all. The overall impression is that the quality of the whole couplet is not high, and there are too few fine products, which is not commensurate with the Expo site. What is particularly doubtful is how those "couplets" that do not conform to the rules of couplets got into the Expo Park. Because as far as this part of the couplet is concerned, its authors are not only unfamiliar with Pingze, but some even don't understand that the couplet should at least be a couplet. Perhaps the authors of some informal couplets may be celebrities in a certain area, but couplets are a kind of literature and art, and not all celebrities understand them. The Expo Park is not only a window to show the natural characteristics of various places, but also a window to show the traditional cultural level of China. Don't look at a few small couplets, their level is not only directly related to the author's own image, but also related to the regional image represented by the author. For foreigners, the overall level of couplets in the Expo Park is also related to the image of China as a whole. In that case, how can we rush in? The quality of couplets in each library also reflects the level of scheme examiners in each library. Imagine, if the examiner has a little basic knowledge of couplets, will he issue passes to those irregular couplets? It doesn't hurt that the examiner doesn't know couplets. If we ask experts to identify couplets, the problem can be avoided. Any province or city can find people who understand couplets, but they don't do it for some reason, which can only leave us with permanent regrets.