Su Jiaoban fourth grade second volume Chinese exercise 6

Harm of waste batteries: Mercury discarded in natural batteries will slowly overflow from the batteries, enter the soil or water source, and then enter the human body through crops, damaging human kidneys. Under the action of microorganisms, inorganic mercury can be converted into methylmercury, which will gather in the body of fish. After people eat this fish, methylmercury will enter human brain cells, which will seriously damage people's nervous system, and even lead to madness and death. The famous Minamata disease in Japan is caused by methylmercury. Cadmium seeps out and pollutes the land and water, and finally enters the human body, causing damage to the liver and kidney, as well as soft bones, and in severe cases, bone deformation. The leakage of acid and heavy metal lead contained in automobile waste batteries into nature can cause soil and water pollution, and ultimately cause harm to people. According to experts from the Department of Chemistry of Suzhou University and relevant environmental protection agencies, heavy metals in batteries are very harmful, mainly including cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese and mercury.

The lead content of domestic dry batteries is generally higher than 25%, which is not up to the requirements of "green batteries". Moreover, the dry batteries separated and recovered from garbage in China are only about 1% of the production.

The pollution of heavy metals such as lead in waste batteries to soil and water sources is only a short-term hazard, but it is a potential long-term hazard to the ecological environment. The soil has certain pores. After degrading organic matter or compounds containing carbon, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur, it can generate non-toxic or low-toxic substances, showing a certain self-purification ability. However, heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium are not easy to be removed after entering the environment. Destroy the self-purification ability of nature, make the soil become a "repository" of pollutants, and finally reduce the soil fertility. When planting crops in such soil, heavy metals will be sucked into plants by plant roots, causing crop yield reduction or harmful crops. The heavy metals in the soil can continue to migrate to adjacent environmental media, be washed by rain and penetrate into deep soil, and enter the river water source with groundwater. Once people drink this water, there will be chronic damage of multiple systems and organs.

According to Li Donghong, a senior engineer in the solid waste room of Shenyang Institute of Environmental Sciences, batteries used in daily life generate electricity by chemical action, or corrosion in general, and the waste batteries containing heavy metals after this action are quite harmful.

One No.1 battery can make 1 square meter of land useless, and one button battery can pollute 6, liters of water (this is a person's lifetime water consumption).

According to relevant data, 5% of the global cadmium pollution comes from the pollution of waste batteries. Long-term drinking of cadmium-contaminated water will lead to bone changes and anemia, with the typical performance of sore bones all over the body. Chromium can cause gastrointestinal ulcer and injury, nickel has carcinogenic tendency, and can also lead to myocardial injury. Lead is not easy to be excreted after being ingested. Hyperemia and lead can lead to abnormal behavior and low IQ of children. Although manganese is a trace element needed by human body, excessive absorption can cause poisoning, and mercury can enter the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier, causing neurological disorders and even personality changes. There was a "water sickness"-chronic mercury poisoning in Japan.