How to strengthen the capacity building of disaster prevention and mitigation

First, strengthen the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation projects and enhance disaster prevention capabilities.

We should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, actively practice the idea of sustainable development of disaster prevention and mitigation, adhere to legal prevention, scientific prevention and comprehensive prevention, and strive to improve the comprehensive disaster reduction capacity of society. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the Central Committee clearly states, "Implement major ecological restoration projects, consolidate the achievements of natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, returning grazing to grasslands, promote comprehensive management of desertification and rocky desertification, protect grasslands and wetlands ... strengthen the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, promote the management of tributaries, lakes and small and medium-sized rivers of major rivers, and enhance the flood control capacity of urban and rural areas." The implementation of these major disaster prevention and mitigation projects will effectively prevent major natural disasters and reduce losses caused by natural disasters. Seize the opportunity and do a good job in the construction of key disaster prevention and mitigation projects and people's livelihood projects. First, in the vast rural areas, especially in mountainous rural areas, the transformation of adobe houses should be included in the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation projects. Rural areas in mountainous areas are prone to natural disasters, and adobe houses where farmers live are the most vulnerable to natural disasters. Farmers in mountainous areas are the poorest, and they can't afford more money to build small buildings for earthquake resistance, flood control and disaster prevention. Once farmers' houses are destroyed in natural disasters, farmers' ability to raise funds for building houses is poor, and the government is under great pressure to invest in post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, it is suggested that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the central and provincial governments should incorporate the renovation of rural adobe houses into the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation projects to enhance the ability of mountainous rural areas to resist natural disasters. Second, in cities, the construction of emergency shelters for natural disasters should be incorporated into the overall planning of urban construction, and the design and construction should be synchronized according to the requirements of fire prevention, flood control and earthquake prevention. The state should arrange corresponding project funds and equip necessary facilities, such as signs, drinking water, medical care and food supply, to meet the emergency needs when disasters come. Third, vigorously carry out the activities of establishing comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration communities, constantly improve disaster reduction and prevention facilities in urban and rural communities, establish and improve disaster prevention and mitigation systems, enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation of urban and rural residents, and improve their ability to prevent disasters and avoid risks.

Second, strengthen the construction of disaster relief system and enhance disaster relief capabilities.

Establish and improve the emergency plan system for natural disaster relief. Counties, villages, urban communities, key areas, key enterprises, key units and schools should formulate emergency plans and implement full coverage of emergency plans. The plan should be realistic, scientific and applicable, constantly revised and improved, and an emergency plan system with orderly command, powerful disposal, scientific scheduling and rapid response should be formed to improve disaster emergency response capability. Actively promote the construction and exercise of the plan, and organize government agencies, enterprises and institutions, schools, social organizations, community families, etc. Carry out all kinds of disaster prevention and mitigation activities loved by the masses, organize business seminars and emergency drills on disaster prevention and mitigation, further improve the plan, improve its practicality and operability, and enhance the ability of cadres and the masses to master and use the plan.

Establish and improve the natural disaster monitoring and early warning system. Establish and improve the working procedures of meteorological information forecast, rain (water) information early warning, geological disaster information collection and reporting and emergency disposal for flood control and flood fighting, and form a disaster early warning system with unified command, social linkage and coordinated operation. Strengthen the construction of natural disaster information staff and improve the ability of disaster information submission through continuous training. Establish an online information platform, form vertical and horizontal information exchange, and improve the ability to scientifically judge disasters. Strengthen the construction of natural disaster monitoring and early warning equipment and facilities, equip counties and cities with meteorological early warning, hydrological early warning and earthquake monitoring equipment, and improve the ability of timely disaster warning.

Establish and improve the disaster relief emergency rescue system. Establish a natural disaster emergency command center, scientifically dispatch emergency rescue forces of all parties, and carry out rescue operations at the fastest speed in the shortest time. Strengthen the construction of professional rescue teams, improve the level of technical equipment and training conditions, and give full play to the main role of the PLA, armed police, militia and public security police. Vigorously develop socialized emergency rescue service organizations, actively cultivate grassroots part-time rescue teams, give full play to the role of volunteers, civil organizations and social groups in disaster emergency rescue, and improve disaster emergency rescue capabilities.

Establish and improve the natural disaster investigation and evaluation system. Formulate detailed rules for disaster verification and integrate the strength of various functional departments such as civil affairs, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, communications and electric power. , classification to carry out disaster verification, scientific assessment of natural disaster losses through consultation, provide decision-making basis for the government's post-disaster reconstruction, and improve the decision-making ability of post-disaster reconstruction staff.

Establish and improve the relief system for victims of natural disasters. Improve the disaster emergency rescue system, send funds and materials to the disaster area as soon as possible after the disaster, and ensure that the victims have food, clean water, clothing, temporary shelter and medical treatment. Immediately rushed to the disaster area to conduct a nuclear disaster investigation and express condolences to the victims; Improve the living assistance system for victims in winter and spring, improve the living assistance standards for victims, and ensure the safety of victims in winter; Improve the government subsidy system for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, appropriately raise the housing subsidy standard for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and reduce the economic burden of victims; ? Establish a disaster relief donation mechanism, carry forward the glorious tradition of "one party is in trouble and all parties support", and mobilize social forces to participate in disaster relief activities; Establish a counterpart assistance mechanism, mobilize administrative enterprises and institutions to help disaster areas carry out post-disaster reconstruction work and improve disaster relief capabilities.

Three, increase publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhance the ability of disaster prevention and self-help.

Strengthening the publicity and education of disaster prevention and reduction is the premise of improving the awareness of disaster prevention and reduction of urban and rural residents. It is necessary to take urban and rural communities as the forefront, mobilize every family and member of the community to actively pay attention to all kinds of disaster risks, actively participate in disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency rescue, and enhance their awareness of prevention and coping skills. Take the publicity and education activities of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" as an opportunity to carry out publicity activities on disaster prevention and mitigation, organize emergency drills, and strive to raise the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation in the whole society; Establish a long-term mechanism for publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation, vigorously publicize the significance of carrying out disaster prevention and mitigation activities, do a good job of publicity on disaster prevention and mitigation in all directions and from multiple angles for urban and rural communities, and strive to form a good situation in which the whole society cares about and participates in disaster prevention and mitigation; Effectively strengthen the knowledge and skills training of disaster prevention and mitigation. Go deep into urban and rural communities, schools, factories and mines and other grass-roots units and disaster-prone areas, widely popularize laws and regulations on disaster prevention and reduction and basic knowledge education, focus on popularizing basic knowledge of various disasters and basic skills such as disaster prevention and avoidance, self-help and mutual rescue, and improve disaster prevention capabilities.

Four, increase financial investment in disaster reduction and relief, and enhance the ability of civil disaster relief work.

The construction of disaster prevention and mitigation projects and the living security of victims are the main responsibilities of governments at all levels. The key measures are to increase financial input and improve the long-term and standardized mechanism of disaster reduction and relief funds input and rapid disbursement. Therefore, the funds for disaster reduction and relief in financial budgets at all levels should be increased with the increase of budget revenue to meet the investment in disaster prevention and mitigation projects, the restoration of production and living facilities and the basic living needs of victims; Strengthen the construction of disaster relief material reserve system and the capacity of disaster relief material dispatching and deployment, implement the construction of disaster relief material reserves at the central, provincial, prefectural and county levels, establish a standardized warehousing and procurement system, and strengthen the information management of disaster relief materials. Meet the needs of disaster emergency rescue; Strengthen the development and application of basic theories and key technologies for disaster prevention and mitigation, learn and apply advanced experience in emergency management of sudden natural disasters at home and abroad, do a good job in the construction of facilities such as meteorological information forecast, water regime (police situation) forecast, disaster information application platform, hail prevention and control, and improve the scientific and technological support capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation; Strengthen the self-construction of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief institutions, fully equipped with strong staff, equipped with necessary transportation, communication, camera tools and office equipment, budget necessary working funds, and improve disaster emergency management reference decision-making and disaster response capabilities.