Brief introduction of champion bridge in Wuwei Confucian temple

The pattern system of Wuwei Confucian Temple is unusual. As Mr. Jizhong questioned, it has a specific "production principle", that is, the rules and regulations of layout and construction. The layout of the Confucian Temple inherited the traditional four-in-one palace system in China. From south to north, it consists of Wan Ren Palace Wall (zhaobi), Chi Pan, Lingxingmen, Dachengmen, Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Temple and East-West Annex Hall. Some building names are unique to Confucius Temple. Wuwei Confucian Temple is a model of Confucian temples in China, and its building scale is "magnificent, the highest in Longyou Academy". It is said that this is the largest and best-preserved Confucius Temple in northwest China, and it is one of the three largest Confucius Temples in China.

Wenchang Palace in the east is centered on Guiji Temple, with a mountain gate in front and a temple in the back, with wings on the left and right. After crossing the temple, Kuixingge and Guijitang echoed at a distance. This is a place dedicated to "Emperor Wenchang", commonly known as "Wenquxing" among the people and the god of Taoism. It is said that he is in charge of the land machine under the orders of the Jade Emperor. He asked Kuixing to name a person. No matter who he asked, everyone would succeed in literature and win the laurel in the middle of the month.

The main part to the west of the Confucian Temple is Dacheng Hall, which is the main hall of the Confucian Temple. It is built on a broad stone platform, which is located on the top of a double-eaved mountain. There are nine ridges on the top, all of which are made of lotus-patterned bricks. Bridge beads are arranged in the front ridge. The roof is completely covered with glazed tiles. Under the eaves, there are five shops for double copy and double level. Stigmas and patches are luxuriously paved, and the lattice partition, waist plate and skirt are all simple carvings. Surrounded by cloisters and high platforms, it has a solemn, solemn and elegant charm. There used to be a gun tower on each side, with an iron bell hanging on the left and a dough drum hanging on the right, named Bell and Drum Tower. When the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius was held, bells and drums were rung, and music, songs and dances were played here. The main hall is neutral, and what matches with Yan Zi, Zi En, Ceng Zi, Mencius and twelve sages is the throne of Confucius. In the Hall of the Great Hero, there are still inscriptions inscribed by Kangxi and Qianlong, such as "a model for all generations" and "participating with heaven and earth". The entrance to the Confucius Temple was originally a portrait of the great sage Confucius, and beside it stood the memorial tablets of Confucius' proud disciples Yan Hui, Zi Si, Ceng Zi and the famous "Asian sage" Mencius. In front of the main hall stands a statue of Confucius, with his hands crossed and a book in his hand. He is amiable and inculcated, which makes people feel very cordial.

At the southernmost end of this group of buildings is a tall and solemn shadow wall, which is called "Wan Ren Palace Wall", followed by Chi Pan and Zhuangyuan Bridge, and then Zunjing Pavilion, including Xingxingmen and Jiyen Gate, surrounded by famous officials and Xiangxian temples.

Everyone in Wuwei knows that the Confucian Temple has never opened the "gate" because it has never won the highest prize. It is said that the main entrance of the Confucian Temple is specially opened to welcome the champion-it is called the "champion gate"! This "Champion Gate" is a wall called "Wan Ren Palace Wall", which is closed after completion and can only be opened when future generations are accepted as champions (or unless the emperor personally visits). In this way, the champion entered the champion gate, crossed the champion bridge, sounded the bell and drum of the Confucius Temple and accepted the worship of local officials and villagers. However, what the ancients didn't expect was that today, with the development of history, there is no emperor and no champion-even if someone here has the level of champion, he still can't become a champion. Since then, this "Wan Ren Palace Wall" can no longer be opened, and the Champion Gate and the Champion Bridge have become an eternal regret, completely becoming cultural relics and antiques. Interestingly, all the Confucius temples in the world have such defects and regrets, and some people with retro ideas try to make a fuss and realize this wish. Last summer, a Confucian temple in Harbin held a "Champion Bridge" to see off the champion of arts and sciences in Heilongjiang province. In the photo, the champion of the college entrance examination wore a champion costume and a champion hat, and walked across the champion bridge with a serious look, worshiping Confucius and thanking his parents and teachers for their teachings. Moreover, it is said that the curator of the Confucian Temple claimed that in the next step, they would also like to invite top scholars, model workers and technical experts from all walks of life to the Confucian Temple, and regard the Confucian Temple as a place to inspire everyone to forge ahead together, so that people can make unremitting efforts in all walks of life and take the rise and fall of the Chinese nation as their responsibility. -This is really a good selling point.

The "Wan Ren Palace Wall" at the main entrance is very beautiful. It is said that its meaning comes from Zigong language in The Analects of Confucius. Dr. Lu's uncle Sun Wu Shu once said to the doctors, "Zi Gong has a deep knowledge and is stronger than Confucius." After hearing this, Zi Gong said to his uncle Sun Wushu, "Man's knowledge is like a palace wall. My wall is not shoulder-high, so it is easy for others to see how many things are in it. My teacher's wall is several meters high, so others can't see what's inside. Only when you find the door and walk in can you see the magnificent building in this wall. Too few people can find the door! " Hu Mao Zong, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, thought that several palace walls still could not express his praise for Confucius, so he changed them to "Wan Ren Palace Wall". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu. In order to show his admiration for Confucius, he changed the stone forehead written by Hu Maozong into the same four words written by himself. Since then, Confucius temples all over the country have followed suit and become the custom of building Confucius temples, that is, "establishing rules." In ancient times, seven or eight feet was the distance to mow grass. Zi Gong compared Confucius' Tao to "the times of mowing grass on the palace wall", and later added "Wan Ren" to describe the unpredictability of Confucius' moral knowledge. The existing Confucius temples all over the country have zhaobi inscribed with the words "Wan Ren Palace Wall". It is said that according to the old regulations, only those who won the first prize can walk along the main entrance, cross the Panqiao Bridge, cross the middle door and climb the Dacheng Hall, and worship the saints. Champion is the elite of Confucianism in the imperial examination era, and is considered as the person who can see the master's way clearly, so he can enter the room through the main entrance, and others can only take the side door. -The "Wan Ren Palace Wall" in Wuwei Confucian Temple used to have small doors on both sides. The east-facing gate was called "Lu Yi" and the west-facing gate was called "Ritual Gate", but they were all closed later.

To the north of the "Wan Ren Palace Wall" is a half-moon Chi Pan. "There is a pool in the Confucius Temple in the world". According to the ancient system, the study of the son of heaven must be surrounded by round running water, which is Biyong; There must be a semicircle of flowing water in the prince's study, which is called Chi Pan or Banbichi. In ancient times, this school was called "Pan Gong", but in Qing Dynasty, it was called "Pan Gong of the people", and the school also had another name "Pan Gong". Chi Pan got its name from this. It is said that in Chi Pan, only scholars can enter the Confucius Temple to worship and wash pens.

There is a stone arch bridge on the pool, which is called "Panqiao" or "Champion Bridge", symbolizing cultural luck. The Champion Bridge in Wuwei Confucian Temple was recorded as a wooden bridge in the old days, but now it is a stone arch bridge. In the old society, all school children had to cross Panqiao to enter the school, which became a fixed etiquette.

Dachengmen is the second gate of Confucius Temple after Chi Pan, and the word "Dachengmen" is taken from "Confucius says Confucius" in Mencius. In other words, Mencius believes that Confucius' contribution has surpassed the ancient sages and reached the highest level of integrating ancient sages and sages.

Lingxingmen is the second gate of Confucius Temple. It is a wooden archway built in the Ming Dynasty, with four pillars and three rooms, cornices and corners, and carved beams and painted buildings. Legend has it that "Xing Xing" is the god in charge of culture and education in heaven. Through Xingxingmen, you can get the blessing of the gods.

Through Lingxingmen is Jimen. The so-called folding halberd gate, all civil and military officials must lay down their weapons here. On both sides of Jiyumen are ancestral halls of rural sages and famous officials, which are places to support social sages and honest officials. The halberd gate is usually closed, except for the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius, leading officials, juren and Jinshi. People usually go in and out through the small doors on the left and right. Inside the halberd gate is a courtyard full of cypress trees, towering old trees and lush green grass. Across the courtyard, there is a two-story stone fence platform in the middle, and the main hall of the Confucian Temple is the main hall on the front of the platform.

After Dacheng Hall, Zunjing Pavilion is Confucius' home temple, which enshrines the memorial tablet of Confucius' parents. This is a two-story building with civil structure, which is located on the top of double eaves and on the 2-meter-high brick abutment. It is the largest ancient heavy building in Wuwei. There are cloisters and wooden fences around the pavilion. The triple upturned corner at the top is hung with wind chimes, and the wind blows Xu Lai, and the bells jingle, adding a little vitality to the silent temple.