The Development Course of Cantonese Opera and Cantonese Opera

Cantonese Opera Cantonese Opera is an important cultural symbol and brand in Guangdong, which not only has a broad mass base in our province, but also has a wide influence in the Chinese-speaking areas of the country and the world. Dear Comrade Zhou Enlai loved Cantonese Opera before his death and was known as "Southern Red Bean". In the development and evolution of more than 300 years, Cantonese opera has emerged countless excellent tracks and produced countless famous masters, which has become a bright pearl in the treasure house of Lingnan culture. To carry forward national culture and build a strong cultural province, we must revitalize the art of Cantonese opera and Cantonese opera, make traditional art glow with new youth and vitality, become a new carrier of developing advanced socialist culture, and become a fine food to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the masses. The drama in Dongguan is mainly Cantonese opera, and Cantonese opera performances have become popular in the late Ming Dynasty. The two countries' Dongguan County Records recorded: "At the end of the year, Zhong was a money ghost, acting and earning." The Miscellaneous Notes of Dongguan County Records in the Republic of China shows that the Cantonese opera Tieguantu was staged in Huangcun in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which had a far-reaching impact on inspiring people to resist the Qing Dynasty and regain their sight. In the late Qing Dynasty, this drama was still staged in Dongguan to promote anti-Qing. 1892, Dongguan Cantonese Opera artists organized their own Dongchengtang Cantonese Opera Class, which was widely attended by Dongguan Cantonese Opera artists. With strong strength, they accepted an order from Dongguan to perform Cantonese opera.

192 1 year, Shuang Ying Qian Ying Women's Troupe was established and performed in Japan and Vietnam. In the same year, the Cantonese Opera Class of "Military-civilian Music" organized by the Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting also performed in Vietnam. By 1928, the class was dissolved in Deng Tong, and the actors were nowhere to be found. He Quan, an overseas Chinese businessman from Dongguan, took over the operation and changed his name to Lingnan Music. This is a boys' and girls' class, which performed until 1938, spreading Cantonese opera art in Vietnam. At that time, Liang in Dongguan organized his own theatrical troupes such as Liyuan Music and Greater China, and invited Liang Xian, a famous little dancer, to cooperate and hired an ugly girl student played by Xue Juexian with a high salary of 8,000 yuan. Famous Cantonese opera actors such as Hua, Fang and Bai Julong have all received training.

Previously, the Wanji artist who dominated the stage of Cantonese opera was Jingquan (formerly known as Chen Haiquan), and his "one-legged" martial arts was the most famous; Guangdong Opera Wu Wangsheng Liang Rong was originally named Chen Guirong, and was born in Hengmei Village, Huangcun District. He is good at playing white beard and black beard, and returned to his hometown with his life class in 1924 to perform "Bao Gong Shen Guohuai", which caused a sensation. He is known as the "authentic martial arts singing method" with his unique singing skills and numerous voices. Chen Yannong, known as the top female martial arts champion, stepped on the stairs made of intact casserole.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Cantonese opera artists in Dongguan were in a difficult situation and temporarily staged some "temple fairs" to make a living. 1943, dongjiang column set up a mobile troupe to publicize anti-Japanese in the form of drama. 1947, Yi people formed an extraordinary troupe and cooperated with Yi people Chu to perform "Love Monks Steal to Xiaoxiang Pavilion", which performed more than 300 times in a row, setting a record for Cantonese opera. Kou Touxiong is the dean of Pufu Hall in Hall 8 of Cantonese Opera. He helped Yi people spread Song Li to Liao Xiahuai and became famous for it. Luo Lijuan is known as the living beauty and the birthplace of da ji. Formerly known as Ye Dicai, he used to be a musician of the Cantonese Opera Troupe. He plays all kinds of musical instruments and is called a "genius". The suona is particularly beautiful and very popular.

During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the amateur troupes in Dongguan included: Mengxing Troupe, Little Hero Troupe, Shuang Ying Qianying Female Troupe, Dang Sheng Troupe, Yiqun Troupe, Da Lang Dajingtou Cantonese Troupe (Jiuchongtian Cantonese Troupe) and so on. Xingtianmeng Drama Club belongs to the volunteer category and consists of Mo Jipeng, Lin Zhimin, Huang Xiayi, Li Wenfu and Chen Zhemei. , and performed in Hong Kong from 65438 to 0909 to promote patriotism and national spirit. All members of the organization participated in the Alliance led by Sun Yat-sen ... Lin Zhiming also donated property to support the drama club. The plays starring in this class include Xiong Fei Uprising, Zhang Jiayu Joining the Army, Napoleon's bloody battle in Europe, etc. Little Hero Troupe, a boy class, was founded in 1928. It was organized by Chen Gan, the second day of Zhang Peng. At present, 70 teenagers aged between 13- 15 have been recruited to study acting, and famous teachers such as Hua, Lan Huami and Chen Tianzong have been hired to teach them. Later, it was dissolved because Chen Gan was killed. Ding Gongxing, Zeng Shima (Zeng Ganquan), etc. Were born in the little hero troupe. Shuang Ying Qian Ying Troupe was named after Zhang Peng's two daughters, Wu Guoying (Hua Dan) and Wu Shangying (Wen Wusheng). The troupe is basically friends and relatives, with about 30 people. 1926 performed in Kobe and Yokohama, Japan for more than 4 months. 1929, he performed in Guangxi and Vietnam for three years, starring in such plays as The Legend of the White Snake, The Stone Forest Sacrifice Tower and The Sorrow of the Bitter Phoenix. 1933, class dismissed.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Cantonese opera performances became more active. On September 26th, 1956, the provincial Rising Sun Troupe joined forces with Dongguan and became a professional troupe that toured Dongguan for a long time. On September 4th, 1957, the troupe was renamed "Dajiangdong" Cantonese Opera Troupe, with a total of 45 people. In addition to the costume drama Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Li Xian's Glare and Yangmen Woman, it also staged a modern drama The Sun Shines Again on Dalingshan, which is very popular among the masses. During this period, rural amateur Cantonese Opera Troupe flourished, especially in Mayong, nave, Daojiao, Wangniudun, Humen and Chang 'an. Almost every big town has a theatrical troupe, and every year, the Mid-Autumn Festival or Spring Festival will stage a "drama".

1957 February,1957 county rural amateur theater fashion drama performance was held. /kloc-at the end of 0/959, Foshan Cantonese Opera Troupe was decentralized to the county and became a professional Cantonese Opera Troupe in Dongguan, with a total of 72 people. Later, due to the inability to meet the demands of the masses, in March 1963, it was divided into the first and second groups of Dongsheng Cantonese Opera, which went to the countryside to tour respectively. A group of 53 people mainly performed Hongyan, the President's daughter, the Imperial Monument Pavilion and Fang Shiyu's wedding. , more than 300 performances a year; The second group of 48 people mainly performed Spring Thunder, Honghu Red Guards, Living Like Him, Liu Yichuan, Couple Bridge and Class Three, with more than 300 performances every year. In order to train young actors,

1964 5438+00 In June, the Second Troupe was cancelled, and the Dongguan County Rural Experimental Cantonese Troupe was established, with a total of 45 people, and modern dramas such as "Children of Dongjiang River" and "Storm of Mountain Village" were staged. 1965 10, Dongsheng Cantonese Opera Troupe and Experimental Troupe merged into Dongguan Cantonese Opera Troupe, with a total of 75 people, and staged five modern dramas, such as Lu Danghuo and Chaoyanggou, and a costume drama, A Blank Paper Tells the Sky, with more than 520 performances. At this time, the county's rural Cantonese Opera Troupe has grown to nearly 200. More famous are the first group of amateur Cantonese Opera Troupes in Mayong, Zhang Peng, Daojiao, Gu Yong, John Wan, Jinxia, Chang 'an and Dajing, Da Lang, and some of them have also been invited to perform in other places. After the "Cultural Revolution" began, Dongguan Cantonese Opera Troupe was dissolved in June 196865438+ 10, and the actors were sent back to their original places or made other arrangements. Since then, the activities of rural amateur Cantonese Opera Troupe have fallen into a trough.

1970,11June, the second team of dongguan county literature and art propaganda team was established, with a total of 76 people, specializing in cantonese opera. Performing modern plays, such as Shajiabang, A Journey to the Tiger Mountain, Panshiwan, The Wind and Cloud of Mountain Country, The Wind and Cloud of Miao Ling, etc. The costume drama "Butterfly Lovers" is composed of "Traveling Lightly" and has been performed more than 2,300 times in 65,438+00 years. After 1978, most communes, brigades and some natural villages set up propaganda teams to stage Cantonese opera. 1in April, 979, the first and second Guangdong Opera Troupes in Dongguan County were established respectively. The main repertoires include Butterfly Lovers, Choosing a Son-in-law, Red Flower Festival Opens All over the Arc de Triomphe, Recommend He Wenxiu, Female Patrol Press and so on. More than 750 performances per performance.

1981July, two troupes merged and were adjusted to 48 people, giving more than 230 performances. 1June 1982 merged with dongguan youth cantonese opera troupe, which was established in1June 1980. The whole troupe consists of 49 people. The main repertoires are Matchmaker, History of Blood and Tears, Burning Pipa Valley, Bibo Buries Sweet Soul and so on. , with 1045 performances. Dongguan Cantonese Opera Troupe was founded at the end of 1985. Due to the impact of movies, TV and pop songs in Hong Kong and Taiwan, the audience is getting less and less, and Cantonese opera performances are heading for a low tide. 1987 Dongguan Cantonese Opera Troupe was dissolved, and only amateur troupes such as Daojiao Town, Shilong Town and Guancheng Leather Factory insisted on rehearsing Cantonese Opera.

There are many famous Cantonese opera artists in Dongguan. In addition to the above people, there are Lin Yu, Liang Peijin, Chen Tianzong, Chu, Lu, Chen Shaocha, Ye Furuo, Huang Bumiao, Yuan Shiying and others. Lin Yu has been a director for a long time, and his famous plays include Guan Hanqing, Search College, and The Storm of Mountain Countries. Huang Bumiao was originally named Huang Guoxiong, a native of Huangjiashan. He never likes music. At the age of 65,438+08, he joined the "Eight Tone Class", and at the age of 30, he went to the Cantonese opera "Country" to accompany famous actresses such as Li Qianju, Bai Jurong, Ceng Sanduo, Ma Shiceng and Bai Yutang. The aria reform of Qianliju's famous song Swallow House, Xin Nuhong's Thought of Fan, and the aria design of Guan Hanqing and Searching for the Academy have all made immortal contributions. Liang Peijin made an in-depth study of Cantonese opera, and wrote more than one reference book 10, such as A Survey of Cantonese Opera Plays, and became a doctor of Cantonese opera research. In recent years, Dongguan has implemented a new strategy of cultural development and made every effort to build a new cultural city.

In 2002, Dongguan and China Song and Dance Troupe jointly organized the Dongguan Branch of China Song and Dance Troupe (Dongguan Song and Dance Troupe) and created a number of excellent cultural programs. At the same time, all kinds of literary and artistic creations in the city have enjoyed a bumper harvest, and a number of outstanding artistic sketches have emerged and won many awards in the province, and a series of activities of cultural highland live car have been held, which has a strong social response. Siyuan, a large-scale modern Cantonese opera created by the amateur Cantonese Opera Troupe in Chang 'an District, went to the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to report its performance, which received a good response and won the second Chinese Drama Literature Award for folk drama performance, excellent screenwriter award and excellent planning award. Philip Burkart, a modern Cantonese opera, is based on the fleeing of Dongguan villagers in the late 1970s. Through the misplaced marriage of two lovers, the plot twists and turns, and "crisis" and "suspense" continue to appear. Finally, under the spring breeze of the reform and opening-up policy, it is full of enterprising spirit, building Donghua Electronic City in rural areas and moving towards a bright tomorrow.