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Population aging is a worldwide social problem, especially in China with a huge population base. Social transformation and miniaturization of family structure and scale, coupled with the emergence of "empty nesters", make this problem more prominent, and the social security system faces more challenges. As a traditional home-based care service model, social welfare institutions are gradually replacing family care, which is helpful to alleviate the pressure of family care and the aging problem in rural areas. How to better serve the elderly and comfort them in their later life, so that they not only enjoy the necessity of nursing, but also receive professional and people-oriented nursing, is the main purpose of this paper. As an important part of social welfare services, social work should take "helping others to help themselves" as the basic concept, integrate social resources, help the elderly to solve their spiritual and psychological needs, and provide the possibility for the elderly to return to work. Taking Songpu Nursing Center as the research object, this report collates and analyzes the basic information and living conditions of the elderly by means of questionnaire survey and interview, further understands the structure and operation mode of the old-age care institution, and evaluates the needs of individuals and institutions. Social workers mainly pay attention to the model, process and skills of social work for the elderly, as well as possible problems and reflections. Social workers use their professional working mode and unique methods of case work, group work and community work to help the elderly enjoy their old age happily and peacefully.