Content requirements: How to use management, new technologies, new materials and other methods to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction and green construction in the project. The word count

Content requirements: How to use management, new technologies, new materials and other methods to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction and green construction in the project. The word count is 5000-6000 words.

Relevant requirements for project green construction

1. Requirements for green construction

1.1. Green construction is based on the premise of ensuring quality, safety and other basic requirements. Scientific management and technological progress, maximizing resource conservation and reducing construction activities that have negative impacts on the environment, and realizing four savings and one environmental protection (energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection).

1.2. Green construction should comply with national laws, regulations and relevant standards and specifications, and achieve the unity of economic, social and environmental benefits.

1.3. The implementation of green construction should be based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and implement relevant national, industry and local technical and economic policies.

1.4. Use ISO14000 and ISO18000 management systems to decompose green construction-related contents into management system objectives to standardize and standardize green construction.

1.5. Encourage the development of new technologies, new equipment, new materials and new processes for green construction, and promote application demonstration projects.

2. Green construction principles

2.1. Green construction is an important stage in the whole life cycle of a building. To implement green construction, the overall plan should be optimized. During the planning and design stages, the overall requirements of green construction should be fully considered to provide basic conditions for green construction.

2.2. To implement green construction, various stages such as construction planning, material procurement, on-site construction, and project acceptance should be controlled, and management and supervision of the entire construction process should be strengthened.

3. The overall framework of green construction The overall framework of green construction consists of six parts: construction management, environmental protection, material saving and material resource utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, energy saving and energy utilization, land saving and construction land protection. composed of aspects. These six aspects cover the basic indicators of green construction, as well as a subset of indicators at each stage such as construction planning, material procurement, on-site construction, and project acceptance.

3. Key points of green construction

3.1. Green construction management mainly includes five aspects: organizational management, planning management, implementation management, evaluation management and personnel safety and health management.

3.1.1. Organization and management

1. Establish a green construction management system and formulate corresponding management systems and goals.

2. The project manager is the first person responsible for green construction, responsible for the organization, implementation and goal realization of green construction, and designates green construction managers and supervisors.

3.1.2. Planning and management

1. Prepare green construction plan. This plan should be an independent chapter in the construction organization design and be reviewed and approved in accordance with relevant regulations.

2. The green construction plan should include the following contents:

(1) Environmental protection measures, formulate environmental management plans and emergency rescue plans, and take effective measures to reduce environmental loads and protect underground resources such as facilities and artifacts.

(2) Material-saving measures: On the premise of ensuring project safety and quality, material-saving measures should be formulated. For example, the construction plan should be optimized for material saving, construction waste reduction, and recyclable materials should be used as much as possible.

(3) Water-saving measures: Develop water-saving measures based on the water resources conditions of the project location.

(4) Energy-saving measures: carry out construction energy-saving planning, determine goals, and formulate energy-saving measures.

(5) Land saving and construction land protection measures, formulating temporary land use indicators, construction general layout planning and temporary land saving measures, etc.

3.1.3. Implementation management

1. Green construction should implement dynamic management of the entire construction process, and strengthen the management of construction planning, construction preparation, material procurement, on-site construction, project acceptance, etc. stage management and supervision.

2. Based on the characteristics of the project, green construction work should be publicized in a targeted manner, and an atmosphere of green construction should be created through publicity.

3. Regularly conduct green construction knowledge training for employees to enhance their awareness of green construction.

3.1.4. Evaluation management

1. Compare the indicator system of this guideline, combined with the characteristics of the project, the effect of green construction and the new technologies, new equipment, and new materials used and new processes, conduct self-evaluations.

2. Set up an expert evaluation team to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the green construction plan, implementation process and project completion.

3.1.5. Personnel safety and health management

1. Develop measures to prevent dust, poison, radiation and other occupational hazards during construction to protect the long-term occupational health of construction workers.

2. Arrange the construction site reasonably to protect living and office areas from the harmful effects of construction activities. Establish a health first aid, health and epidemic prevention system at the construction site to provide timely assistance when safety accidents and disease epidemics occur.

3. Provide a hygienic and healthy working and living environment, strengthen the management of construction workers' accommodation, meals, drinking water and other daily life and environmental sanitation, and significantly improve the living conditions of construction workers.

3.2. Key points of environmental protection technology

3.2.1. Dust control

1. Transport earthwork, garbage, equipment and building materials without damaging the site. outside road. Vehicles transporting materials that are prone to scattering, flying, and leaking must take measures to seal them tightly to ensure that the vehicles are clean. A car wash tank should be installed at the exit of the construction site.

2. During the earthwork operation stage, measures such as watering and covering shall be adopted to ensure that the visual dust height in the operation area is less than 1.5m and does not spread outside the site.

3. During the structural construction, installation and decoration stages, the visual dust height in the working area is less than 0.5m. Covering measures should be taken for stacked materials that are likely to generate dust; powdered materials should be stored in a closed manner; dust reduction measures should be taken when handling materials and construction waste that may cause dust in the site, such as covering, sprinkling, etc.; dust and garbage should be cleaned before pouring concrete Try to use a vacuum cleaner when possible, and avoid using equipment that easily generates dust such as hair dryers; protective measures such as partial blocking, covering, and water spraying can be used during mechanical chiseling operations; when cleaning garbage in high-rise or multi-story buildings, closed temporary special lanes should be set up or containers should be used Lifting.

4. The non-operation area of ??the construction site meets the visual dust-free requirements. Take effective measures to deal with easily flying substances on site, such as watering, hardening the ground, fencing, dense netting, and sealing to prevent the generation of dust.

5. Before mechanical dismantling of structures, make a dust control plan. Measures such as cleaning up dust, dismantling the body, sprinkling water, and setting up partitions can be taken.

6. Before blasting and demolishing structures, make a dust control plan. Comprehensive dust reduction methods can be adopted, such as cleaning dust, wetting the ground, pre-wetting walls, applying water bags on the roof, storing water on the floor, high-pressure spray water systems on the exterior of the building, erecting dust-proof grilles, and dropping water bombs from helicopters. Choose weather with low wind for blasting operations.

7. The difference between the monthly average concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) measured at the height of the barriers around the site and the urban background value is not greater than 0.08 mg/m3.

3.2.2. Noise and vibration control

1. On-site noise emissions shall not exceed the provisions of the national standard "Noise Limits at Construction Site Boundaries" (GB12523-90).

2. Real-time monitoring and control of noise at the construction site. The monitoring method follows the national standard "Measurement Method for Noise at Construction Site Boundaries" (GB12524-90).

3. Use low-noise, low-vibration machinery and take sound insulation and vibration isolation measures to avoid or reduce construction noise and vibration.

3.2.3. Light pollution control

1. Try to avoid or reduce light pollution during construction. At night, outdoor lighting lamps are equipped with lampshades, and the light transmission direction is concentrated in the construction area.

2. Shielding measures should be taken during welding operations to prevent the welding arc from leaking out.

3.2.4. Water pollution control

1. The sewage discharge at the construction site should meet the requirements of the national standard "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).

2. Corresponding treatment facilities should be set up at the construction site for different sewage, such as sedimentation tanks, grease traps, septic tanks, etc.

3. Sewage discharge should be entrusted to a qualified unit to conduct wastewater quality testing and provide corresponding sewage testing reports.

4. Protect the groundwater environment. Adopt slope support technology with good water isolation performance. In areas with water shortages or areas where the groundwater level continues to decline, groundwater should be extracted as little as possible during foundation pit excavation; when the amount of water pumped during foundation pit excavation is greater than 500,000 m3, groundwater recharge should be carried out to avoid groundwater contamination.

5. For storage areas of chemicals and other toxic materials and oils, there should be strict water-proof layer design to collect and handle leakage.

3.2.5. Soil protection

1. Protect the surface environment and prevent soil erosion and loss. Bare soil caused by construction should be covered with sand and gravel or planted with fast-growing grass seeds in a timely manner to reduce soil erosion; if surface runoff soil loss is prone to occur due to construction, measures such as setting up surface drainage systems, stabilizing slopes, and vegetation coverage should be taken to reduce the risk of soil erosion. Soil erosion.

2. Sedimentation tanks, grease traps, septic tanks, etc. will not be blocked, leaked, or overflowed. Clean all kinds of sediments in the pond promptly and entrust a qualified unit to remove them.

3. Toxic and hazardous wastes such as batteries, ink cartridges, paints, coatings, etc. should be recycled and handed over to qualified units for processing. They cannot be transported as construction waste to avoid contaminating soil and groundwater.

4. Vegetation damaged by construction activities should be restored after construction (generally refers to temporary occupied land). Cooperate with local gardens, environmental protection departments or local plant research institutions to plant local or other suitable plants in previously developed areas to restore the remaining open space landscape or scientific greening, and to remedy soil erosion caused by artificial destruction of vegetation and landforms during construction activities.

3.2.6. Construction waste control

1. Develop a construction waste reduction plan. For example, in residential buildings, the amount of construction waste per 10,000 square meters should not exceed 400 tons.

2. Strengthen the recycling and reuse of construction waste, and strive to achieve a reuse and recovery rate of 30% of construction waste, and a reuse and recovery rate of more than 40% for waste generated by building demolition. For construction waste such as gravel and earthwork, methods such as foundation filling and paving can be used to improve the reuse rate, and strive to achieve a reuse rate greater than 50%.

3. Closed garbage containers should be set up in the living area of ??the construction site, and domestic garbage at the construction site should be bagged and removed in a timely manner. Classify construction waste and collect it to on-site closed garbage stations for centralized transportation.

3.2.7. Protection of underground facilities, cultural relics and resources

1. Before construction, various underground facilities should be investigated clearly, a protection plan should be made, and various pipelines around the construction site should be ensured. , safe operation of pipelines, buildings and structures.

2. Once cultural relics are discovered during the construction process, the construction should be stopped immediately, the site should be protected, and the cultural relics department should be informed and assist in the work.

3. Avoid and protect ancient and valuable trees in the construction site and surrounding areas.

4. Gradually carry out statistical analysis of CO2 emissions from construction projects and the CO2 fixation of various vegetation and tree species.

3.3. Technical points for material saving and utilization of material resources

3.3.1. Material saving measures

1. During the joint review of drawings, material saving and materials should be reviewed Regarding resource utilization, the material loss rate is reduced by 30% compared with the quota loss rate.

2. Reasonably arrange the procurement, arrival time and batches of materials based on construction progress, inventory status, etc. to reduce inventory.

3. On-site materials are stacked in an orderly manner. The storage environment is suitable and the measures are taken properly. The custody system is sound and responsibilities are implemented.

4. The material transportation tools are suitable and the loading and unloading methods are proper to prevent damage and spillage. Unload at the nearest location according to the layout of the site to avoid and reduce secondary handling.

5. Take technical and management measures to increase the turnover times of templates, scaffolding, etc.

6. Optimize the reservation, pre-embedding, pipeline path and other plans for the installation project.

7. Local materials should be used, and the amount of building materials produced within 500 kilometers of the construction site accounts for more than 70% of the total weight of building materials.

3.3.2. Structural materials

1. Promote the use of ready-mixed concrete and commercial mortar. Accurately calculate purchase quantity, supply frequency, construction speed, etc., and dynamically control them during the construction process. Structural work uses bulk cement.

2. Promote the use of high-strength steel bars and high-performance concrete to reduce resource consumption.

3. Promote specialized processing and distribution of steel bars.

4. Optimize the steel bar batching and steel component blanking plans. Before making steel bars and steel structures, the cutting orders and samples should be reviewed. Only when they are correct can batch cutting be carried out.

5. Optimize steel structure production and installation methods. Large steel structures should be manufactured in factories and assembled on site; installation methods such as segmented hoisting, overall lifting, sliding, and jacking should be used to reduce the amount of material used in the plan.

6. Use digital technology to optimize special construction plans such as large-volume concrete and long-span structures.

3.3.3. Envelope materials

1. Enclosure structures such as doors, windows, roofs, and exterior walls should use materials with good weather resistance and durability, and the construction should ensure sealing and waterproofing. and thermal insulation.

2. Doors and windows should be made of profiles and glass with good sealing, thermal insulation and sound insulation properties.

3. Roofing materials and exterior wall materials have good waterproof properties and thermal insulation properties.

4. When the roof or wall is constructed by adding a thermal insulation system to the base layer, high-efficiency, energy-saving and durable thermal insulation materials should be selected to reduce the thermal insulation layer thickness and material usage.

5. The thermal insulation system of the roof or wall uses special matching materials to strengthen the bonding or connection strength between each layer and ensure the safety and durability of the system.

6. According to the actual characteristics of the building, select the thermal insulation material system and construction method for the roof or exterior wall, such as insulation board pasting, dry hanging of insulation boards, polyurethane hard foam spraying, and insulation slurry application. etc. to ensure thermal insulation effect and reduce material waste.

7. Strengthen the joint processing of the thermal insulation system and the envelope structure to minimize the thermal bridge effect. According to the thermal insulation characteristics of different parts of the building, different thermal insulation materials and systems are selected to be economical and applicable.

3.3.4. Decoration materials

1. Before construction of veneer materials, overall layout planning should be carried out to reduce the number of non-whole pieces.

2. Use new non-wood materials or artificial boards to replace wooden boards.

3. The base layer of waterproofing membranes, wallpapers, paints and various coatings must meet the requirements to avoid peeling and falling off. All types of paints and adhesives should be opened when in use and closed in time when not in use.

4. Curtain walls and various types of reserved embedding should be synchronized with structural construction.

5. Wood products, wood decorative materials, glass and other types of boards should be purchased or customized at the factory.

6. Use self-adhesive sheets to reduce the amount of liquid adhesive used on site.

3.3.5. Turnover materials

1. Turnaround materials and machines that are durable, easy to maintain and disassemble should be used.

2. Prioritize the use of professional teams that integrate production, installation, and dismantling for formwork construction.

3. The formwork should be based on the principle of saving natural resources, and the use of shaped steel formwork, steel frame bamboo formwork, and bamboo plywood should be promoted.

4. The formwork project plan should be optimized before construction. Multi-story and high-rise buildings use reusable formwork systems, and tool-type supports should be used for formwork supports.

5. Optimize the external scaffolding scheme of high-rise buildings and adopt solutions such as overall lifting and segmented cantilevering.

6. Promote the use of exterior wall insulation boards to replace concrete construction formwork.

7. The on-site office and living rooms use turnover-type mobile houses. On-site fencing should maximize the use of existing fencing, or use prefabricated reusable fencing for closure. Strive to achieve a reusability rate of 70% for construction site temporary housing and temporary fencing materials.

3.4. Technical points of water saving and water resource utilization

3.4.1. Improving water efficiency

1. Adopt advanced water-saving construction technology in construction .

2. Municipal tap water should not be used for road spraying and greening irrigation at the construction site. Effective water-saving measures should be taken for on-site mixing water and curing water, and it is strictly prohibited to water and maintain concrete without measures.

3. The water supply pipe network at the construction site should be designed and laid out according to water consumption, with reasonable pipe diameters and simple pipelines, and effective measures should be taken to reduce leakage in the pipe network and water appliances.

4. Water recycling devices must be installed for on-site machinery, equipment, and vehicle washing water. Water-saving systems and water-saving appliances are used for domestic water supply in office and living areas at the construction site, and the ratio of water-saving appliances is increased. Water-saving products should be used for temporary water use in projects, metering devices should be installed, and targeted water-saving measures should be taken.

5. Establish a reusable water collection and treatment system at the construction site to enable cascade recycling of water resources.

6. The construction site determines water quota indicators for domestic water and engineering water, and measures and manages them separately.

7. For different individual projects, different bid sections, and different subcontracted living areas of large-scale projects, water consumption should be measured separately if conditions are met.

When signing subcontracting or labor contracts for different bids, the water-saving quota indicators should be included in the contract terms and measured and assessed.

8. Conduct special measurement assessments on areas and process points where water is concentrated, such as concrete mixing stations. Establish a collection and utilization system for rainwater, gray water or reusable water at the construction site.

3.4.2. Utilization of non-traditional water sources

1. Give priority to gray water mixing and gray water maintenance. Areas and projects with conditions should collect rainwater for maintenance.

2. For construction sites that are in the foundation pit precipitation stage, groundwater should be given priority as concrete mixing water, curing water, flushing water and some domestic water.

3. For on-site machinery, equipment, vehicle washing, road surface spraying, greening irrigation, etc., priority should be given to non-traditional water sources, and municipal tap water should be avoided as much as possible.

4. Large-scale construction sites, especially large-scale construction sites in areas with abundant rainfall, should establish rainwater collection and utilization systems to fully collect natural precipitation for use in suitable parts of construction and daily life.

5. Strive to reuse more than 30% of non-traditional water sources and recycled water during construction.

3.4.3. Water safety

During the use of non-traditional water sources and on-site recycled water, effective water quality testing and health protection measures should be formulated to ensure that no harm to the human body is avoided. Adverse effects on health, project quality and the surrounding environment.

3.5. Technical points of energy conservation and energy utilization

3.5.1. Energy conservation measures

1. Develop reasonable construction energy consumption indicators and improve construction energy utilization .

2. Give priority to the use of energy-saving, efficient and environmentally friendly construction equipment and tools recommended by the country and industry, such as energy-saving construction equipment using frequency conversion technology.

3. Set electricity control indicators for production, living, office and construction equipment at the construction site, conduct regular measurement, accounting, comparative analysis, and take preventive and corrective measures.

4. In the construction organization design, the construction sequence and working surface should be reasonably arranged to reduce the number of machines and tools in the working area, and the adjacent working areas should make full use of the available machine and tool resources. When arranging construction techniques, priority should be given to construction techniques that consume electrical energy or other construction techniques that consume less energy. Avoid the phenomenon that the rated power of the equipment is much greater than the used power or the equipment is overloaded.

5. Make full use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy and geothermal energy according to local climate and natural resource conditions.

3.5.2. Mechanical equipment and tools

1. Establish a construction machinery and equipment management system, carry out electricity and oil consumption measurement, improve equipment files, and perform timely maintenance and repair work. Keep mechanical equipment in a low-consumption and efficient state.

2. Select construction machinery and equipment whose power matches the load to avoid long-term operation of high-power construction machinery and equipment with low load. Electrical and mechanical installation can use energy-saving mechanical equipment, such as inverter welding machines and handheld power tools with low energy consumption and high efficiency, to save electricity. Mechanical equipment should use energy-saving oil additives, and when possible, consider recycling to save oil.

3. Reasonably arrange the processes, increase the utilization rate and full load rate of various machinery, and reduce the unit energy consumption of various equipment.

3.5.3 Temporary production, living and office facilities

1. Make use of the natural conditions of the site to rationally design the shape, orientation, spacing and window wall area of ??temporary production, living and office facilities ratio, so that it can obtain good sunshine, ventilation and lighting. In southern regions, shading facilities can be installed on exterior windows as needed.

2. Temporary facilities should use energy-saving materials, and materials with good thermal insulation properties should be used for walls and roofs to reduce the use time and energy consumption of air conditioners in summer and heating equipment in winter.

3. Reasonably configure the number of heating, air conditioning, and fans, stipulate the use time, implement segmented and time-sharing use, and save electricity.

3.5.4. Construction electricity and lighting

1. Priority is given to energy-saving wires and energy-saving lamps for temporary power use. The power supply lines should be reasonably designed and laid out. Automatic power supply equipment should be used. control device. Use sound-controlled, light-controlled and other energy-saving lighting fixtures.

2. The lighting design is based on the principle of meeting the minimum illumination, and the illumination should not exceed 20% of the minimum illumination.

3.6. Technical points of land saving and construction land protection

3.6.1. Temporary land use indicators

1. Reasonable based on factors such as construction scale and site conditions Determine the land area indicators for temporary facilities, such as temporary processing plants, on-site work sheds and material storage yards, office and living facilities, etc. The area occupied by temporary facilities should be designed according to the minimum area required by the land use index.

2. The layout is required to be reasonable and compact, and waste areas and dead corners should be reduced as much as possible while meeting the requirements of the environment, occupational health and safety, and civilized construction. The effective utilization rate of temporary facilities should be greater than 90%. .

3.6.2. Temporary land protection

1. The construction plan for deep foundation pits should be optimized to reduce the amount of earth excavation and backfilling, minimize disturbance to the land, and protect Surrounding natural ecological environment.

2. For temporary land occupation outside the red line, wasteland and abandoned land should be used as much as possible, and less farmland and cultivated land should be occupied. After the completion of the project, the original terrain and landforms of the land outside the red line will be restored in a timely manner to minimize the impact of construction activities on the surrounding environment.

3. Utilize and protect the original green vegetation within the construction land. For sites with a long construction period, new greening of the site can be arranged according to the requirements of permanent greening of the building.

3.6.3. General layout of construction

1. The general layout of construction should be scientific and reasonable, and make full use of original buildings, structures, roads, and pipelines to serve construction .

2. The mixing stations, warehouses, processing plants, work sheds, material storage yards, etc. at the construction site should be arranged as close as possible to existing traffic lines or formal or temporary traffic lines to be built to shorten the transportation distance.

3. Temporary office and living buildings should be multi-story light steel prefabricated houses that are economical, beautiful, occupy a small area, have little impact on the surrounding landform environment, and are suitable for dynamic adjustment of construction layout. , steel frame cement prefabricated houses and other standardized prefabricated structures. Living areas and production areas should be arranged separately and standard separation facilities should be installed.

4. The construction site fence can use a continuously closed light steel structure prefabricated movable fence to reduce construction waste and protect the land.

5. The roads at the construction site shall be arranged according to the principle of combining permanent roads and temporary roads. A circular passage is formed within the construction site to reduce land occupation by roads.

6. The layout of temporary facilities should pay attention to the combination of distance and nearness (this phase of the project and the next phase of the project), and strive to reduce and avoid a large number of temporary building demolition and site relocation.

4. Develop new technologies, new equipment, new materials and new processes for green construction

4.1. Construction plans should establish promotion, restriction, elimination and announcement systems and management methods. Develop resource utilization and environmental protection technologies suitable for green construction, restrict or eliminate backward construction plans, encourage the development of green construction technology, and promote innovation in green construction technology.

4.2. Vigorously develop on-site monitoring technology, low-noise construction technology, on-site environmental parameter detection technology, self-compacting concrete construction technology, fair-faced concrete construction technology, and construction solid waste recycled products in wall materials Research and application of applied technology, new formwork and scaffolding technology.

4.3. Strengthen the application of information technology, such as virtual reality technology for green construction, automatic statistics of project quantities for three-dimensional building models, green construction organization design database establishment and application systems, digital construction sites, and e-commerce-based construction projects. Materials, equipment and logistics management systems, etc. Through the application of information technology, precise planning, design, careful construction and optimized integration are achieved to achieve and improve various indicators of green construction.