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Ganzhou celebrates the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in China.

Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song were included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list.

On June 10, actors of Ganxian tea-picking troupe performed Gannan tea-picking drama in People's Square of this county to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in China. Xie Rongpei Photographed by Xiao Rong Zhen

On June 10, our city held a cultural performance to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in Ganzhou City, and Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song were included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list. Diao Delian, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, and Tang, deputy mayor, attended relevant activities.

It is reported that since 2006, the State Council has designated the second Saturday of June every year as "Cultural Heritage Day" in China. The list of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage approved by the Ministry of Culture in the State Council has 5 18 items, among which Gannan tea-picking opera and xingguo folk song are among them. It is understood that intangible cultural heritage refers to various forms of traditional cultural expressions (such as folk activities, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, and related utensils, objects, handicrafts, etc.). ) and cultural space (that is, places where traditional cultural activities are held regularly or traditional cultural expressions are displayed, which are both spatial and temporal).

Gannan tea-picking opera is one of the most local operas in Jiangxi, which was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and has a history of more than 400 years. It is developed on the basis of folk lanterns and folk songs and dances in southern Jiangxi. Gannan tea-picking opera has a strong local flavor of Gannan and Hakka characteristics, and its singing is beautiful and beautiful. Among them, "Turtledove Tune" and "Ten Send Red Army" adapted from "Send Lang Tune" are widely sung and enjoy a good reputation throughout the country. Xingguo folk song rose to fame in the revolutionary struggle more than half a century ago and played an important role in establishing and consolidating the red regime. "A folk song of three divisions" is a much-told story, and a good style of cadres in the Soviet area has been sung all over the Soviet area, and it has been sung for a long time. (Editor: Zhong Lieliang)

Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song

Gannan tea-picking opera

Gannan tea-picking opera originated in Jiulong Mountain, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province, with a history of about 300 years. It was gradually formed on the basis of "Jiulong Tea Lantern" and absorbed other folk arts in southern Jiangxi. The epidemic areas are mainly in southern Jiangxi, northern Guangdong and western Fujian, and have also spread to southern Guangxi. It is the most representative tea-picking drama in Jiangxi.

There are more than 70 traditional operas in Gannan, such as tea picking in Jiulong Mountain, anti-love, selling meat in Guangdong, selling groceries and Wangsan. , but most of them have been lost. After liberation, there were mending shoes, matching young and old, painters marrying women, playing with dragons skillfully and throwing embroidered shoes. Tea boy plays fine (that is, tea picking in Jiulong Mountain) and How can I talk about it were made into opera film; "Pretty Girl" and "Tea Picking Song" won prizes in national folk song and dance performances.

The music of Gannan tea-picking opera belongs to a minor combination. According to the styles, chords, modes and usage of different tunes, they can be divided into four categories: tea cavity, lamp cavity, road cavity and miscellaneous tune, which are called "tune". Gray mullet.

Gannan tea-picking opera is based on folk songs and dances, with a strong flavor of life and labor and a distinctive local style in Gannan. It has many traditional plays starring "three little boys" (Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and the clown).

Gannan tea-picking opera later absorbed some official costumes and operas, although it added old tunes and old tunes, but its performance was not as distinctive as In a Small Opera. Famous actors include Xu Rongxiu, Ding Juvenile, and Huang.

Guo Xin folk songs

Xingguo folk song is a Han folk song.

Xingguo County, located in the old area of southern Jiangxi, is famous all over the country because it has trained 54 generals of the Republic of China, and is called "General County". It is also known as the famous "xingguo folk song" and the "hometown of folk songs".

According to legend, xingguo folk song has a history of 1300 years. Hakka ancestors lived on both sides of Suijiang River and experienced many vicissitudes. No matter the river network wilderness, high mountains and dense forests, the song "Alas! Is endless. On the banks of Suijiang River, everyone is a singer and sings everywhere. As for some professional singers, they are eloquent, ranging from astronomy and geography, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, to daily necessities, marrying men and women, and some can even sing the whole "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin".

Xingguo folk song can be roughly divided into two types: one is the folk songs sung by Shan Ye in the fields, which are called remote singing folk songs. Its basic format is seven words and four sentences. However, some singers like to add a sentence with the same rhyme at the end, deepening and supplementing the previous sentence to form five sentences, commonly known as "Sanluoban", which is a variant of the seven-character four-sentence style; Another kind of folk song with singing nature is often sung in song and dance, temple fairs and peasant weddings, funerals and festive occasions, which is generally called indoor folk songs. Indoor folk songs are mainly narrative folk songs, which are composed of three parts: song head, song belly and song tail, and have typical traditional characteristics of song head, song belly and song tail. The beginning of a song, usually a sentence or two, is used to cheer up and rhyme; The ending song, a short and powerful sentence, makes the finishing point and reveals the theme; The core part of the whole song is the belly. The content of the song belly can be infinitely expanded, ranging from three or five sentences to one or two hundred sentences, which depends on the singer's "belly talent" and the development needs of the story. However, both remote singing and indoor singing have a remarkable feature: improvisation. In other words, the situation is instantaneous, temporarily compiled and exported. Therefore, xingguo folk song's level mainly depends on the singer's improvisation ability. A good singer can often make witty remarks and achieve the effect of climax after climax. In the form of singing, xingguo folk song has distinctive features different from other folk songs. Every song begins with a sentence "Alas!" , with a strong sense of music melody. With the excitement, his singing is like a big water throwing wave, surging and surging, with a potential of 1000 miles. In the middle of the song, ups and downs, different singers, forming their own different singing styles, or high-pitched agitation, or low-pitched; Before singing the last sentence, there was an echo phrase "Dear Brother (Sister)", now called "Gay Brother (Sister)", which echoed the opening "Alas" and formed xingguo folk song's complete and unique singing style. Narrative folk songs are often sung in duet or duet (commonly known as three strikes) because of their long length. The singer uses a small gong, and after each falling (dragging the cavity), he plays a small gong for a while to facilitate the singer to catch his breath; Secondly, it provides a moment of thinking time for the singer to brew a draft; Third, play a "door" role to change the tone.

Xingguo folk song inherited the traditional creative techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing, and constantly enriched and developed them in the long-term singing practice, with distinctive local characteristics. The forms of expression are flower viewing, flower guessing, song locking, singing, ode, heel picking, aphonia, embroidery, rattan winding, rattan winding and so on. They are diverse, vivid, freely used and flexible. Therefore, it has been enduring for thousands of years and is deeply loved by the masses.

Although xingguo folk song has a long-standing reputation, it was the Second Revolutionary Civil War that really gave xingguo folk song new life and made it onto the stage of the times. In the glorious years of the Golden Goma Railway, where there is fighting, there are loud folk songs. Xingguo folk song, accompanied by the Red Army's victories again and again, was sung all over the base areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. The raging fire of the revolutionary war forged a batch of heroic models and tempered a batch of red singers. Zeng Zizhen, chairman of the Soviet Union in Changgang Township and member of the Soviet Union in Xiexian County, is an outstanding representative. Their folk songs were sung at the All-Soviet Congress in China. Mao Zedong, Chen Yi and other comrades once praised them as "the king of folk songs", which can be called the flag and model of xingguo folk song. Comrade Hu Yaobang, a proletarian revolutionist of the older generation, personally wrote folk songs, adding luster to xingguo folk song.

In the early 1930s, the soldiers and civilians in the Soviet area of Jiangxi Province fought five times against "encirclement and suppression" under extremely difficult conditions. When women in Xingguo County send their relatives to the front, they will send newly made straw sandals and newly sung folk songs. "Oh, here we go! Gunfire came to the battle horn, and a folk song was played. Fight to the death with the enemy, red army brothers! Call Nanchang and Fuzhou. " The warm and unrestrained songs stirred the hearts of the soldiers, and they responded with folk songs: "Oh, here we go! Folk songs come from Xingguo city, and every sentence is touching. The soldiers ahead are so excited, comrades! More energy to kill the enemy. " One folk song after another, the people and the army encourage each other and encourage each other. Singing turned into a force of struggle, inspiring people to fight bravely. Xingguo County was a model county in the Central Soviet Area at that time, and Xingguo folk songs also made immortal contributions to the history of revolutionary music. Xingguo folk song's music is fluent and free with local characteristics. Its most distinctive feature is that there is a forward-calling aria "Oh, here it comes" at the beginning of the song, and the melody is extended at the highest tone, which gives people a warm and unrestrained feeling from the beginning. There are many kinds of xingguo folk song in Sang Song. In the past days, he often sang historical stories, legends and news, except for the love and working life of men and women. Sometimes he improvises, sometimes he narrates long stories in various forms. After liberation, many music works with the revolutionary history of Jinggangshan and Gannan base areas as the theme often used this as the material to create him, such as Red Army Base Chorus and Jinggangshan Chorus.