The function of glass deep processing

In recent years, a new product called heat strengthened glass (semi-toughened glass) has been developed to change the phenomenon that the fragments of toughened glass are too small when it bursts. Because this product is not easy to self-explode, it is more suitable for large glass curtain walls.

Laminated glass: it is a kind of safety glass made of two or more pieces of glass bonded by synthetic resin. When it breaks, the fragments will not fly away. There are two forms of laminated glass production: dry method and wet method, but dry method is the mainstream. The laminated glass products in China were first developed by the Institute of Building Materials.

There are many kinds of laminated glass, but there are mainly PVB diaphragm laminated glass, fire-proof glass with solid hydrated sodium silicate expansion layer as fire-proof interlayer and vacuum step laminated glass with EN diaphragm as interlayer. Vacuum step laminated glass can not only produce ordinary safety glass, but also produce decorative laminated glass with decorations. Recently, color-changing decorative laminated glass has also appeared.

Laminated glass: Laminated glass is made by sticking multilayer polyester films on the surface of flat glass, so as to improve the performance and strength of glass and make it have the functions of heat preservation, heat insulation, explosion prevention, ultraviolet protection, beautification and safety. At present, it is mainly used for doors and windows, partition walls and ceilings of automobiles and buildings.

According to different film materials, laminated glass can produce different effects. Such as different colors, photochromic, conductive, heating and so on. As we all know, flat glass is generally flat and smooth, but in use, people often need some glass with radian or curved surface. This requires changing the geometry of the flat glass. At present, the main products are curved glass, glass fruit bowl, glass pot cover and so on. But their formation mechanism is roughly the same.

Curved bending glass: also known as hot bending glass and curved bending glass, it is formed by bending and deforming the glass when it is heated to near the softening temperature for the second time. According to the degree of bending, it is divided into shallow bending and deep bending. Shallow bends are mostly used in architectural decoration, automobile, ship windshield, glass furniture decoration series (such as TV cabinets, wine cabinets, coffee tables) and so on. Deep bending can be widely used in horizontal freezers, display counters, sightseeing elevator corridors, glass ceilings, ornamental aquariums and so on. If tempered at the same time of hot bending, it is hot bending tempered glass, and the glass cover belongs to this category. At present, in order to ensure its safety, some curved glass curtain walls mostly use hot bending tempered glass. Glass surface treatment includes two aspects: one is to enrich the glass surface, that is, to make different patterns and patterns on the glass surface by physical or chemical means; On the other hand, the glass surface is coated.

Polished glass: Before float glass appeared, some glasses needed polishing to achieve the goal that the two surfaces were completely parallel. Polishing glass is to polish the two surfaces of ordinary flat glass or calendered glass with emery, silica sand and other abrasives, and then polish them with red powder, tin oxide and felt.

The birth of float glass replaced polished glass.

Painted glass: Painted glass, also known as painted glass, is a light-transmitting material that can provide color art for doors and windows. Generally speaking, it is made by drawing graphics on glass coated with special glaze and baking it, or by decaling it on the glass. The manufacturing method is a bit like ceramics.

Blasting glass and etching glass: use 4-7kg/cm2 of high-pressure air to blow particles such as emery onto the glass surface, so that sand marks are generated on the glass surface, and lines, characters and various patterns can be carved. The parts that do not need to be processed are covered with rubber, paper and other materials as protective films. If we carry out pickling and sintering on the basis of sandblasting glass (full sandblasting), we will get frosted etched glass, also called ice glass.

Colored glazed glass: Colored glazed glass is opaque colored glass made by sintering inorganic pigments on one side of flat glass and heat treatment. According to different pigments, glazed glass with different color effects can be produced. Doors and windows can use a single color, and the interior and exterior walls or floors of buildings can use colored glazed glass (also known as granite glass or marble glass).

Carving glass: Humans have been carving beautiful patterns on glass by hand for a long time. Now, computer numerical control technology has been used to automatically carve high-grade decorative glass in various places.

The above is the first aspect of glass surface treatment, that is, changing the luster of the surface or drawing patterns by physical or chemical means. The second aspect of glass surface treatment is a surface coating modification technology which takes flat glass as the substrate and applies one or more layers of metal or nonmetal materials on its surface to change the original glass surface properties.

Coated glass: since the manual silver plating method appeared in 1835, various physical (vacuum spraying, magnetron sputtering, etc. ), chemistry (hydrolysis deposition, pyrolysis deposition, etc. ) or physical-chemical coating methods have been invented in the 20th century. These methods began to be industrialized in 1960s and 1970s, and developed rapidly in 1980s and 1990s. Now, dozens of processed products with unique functions can be manufactured. Such as mirror glass with silver plating, aluminum plating and silicon plating, heat reflection film coated glass and low emissivity coated glass. Anti-ultraviolet coated glass, anti-electromagnetic coated glass, waterproof coated glass, photovoltaic, electrochromic dimming glass, automatic sterilization glass, self-cleaning glass, etc. At present, China has more than 300 coating production lines with an annual production capacity of nearly 1 100 million square meters. Among them, there are 45 million square meters of mirrors, 50 million square meters of buildings and vehicles, and 3 million square meters of ITO films for displays.

Coated glass is a glass deep-processing product made by coating metal, metal oxide and other films on one or both sides of glass by physical or chemical methods. Buildings decorated with coated glass with different film colors and light reflectivity are crystal clear. Thermal reflective coated glass can control the incidence of sunlight and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, while low-emissivity coated glass can limit the outward radiation loss of indoor heat, which has remarkable energy-saving effect in cold areas. As we all know, the doors and windows of buildings are the weak links of thermal insulation and energy saving. The heat transfer coefficient of ordinary single-layer glass window is 6.0 W/m2 k. In order to meet people's demand for thermal insulation and sound insulation of glass window, insulating glass came into being. Then gas-filled hollow glass and vacuum glass were developed.

Insulating glass: It is composed of two or more glass plates, and there is a gap between the glass plates for heat insulation and sound insulation. Since the formation of mechanized small batch production in the early 1950s, insulating glass has developed very rapidly and has been widely used in economically developed countries, not only in the construction industry, but also in the vehicle and boat industry and refrigerators. The gap in the hollow glass was originally dry air. At present, insulating glass is made of other gases with lower thermal efficiency than air. The original plate has also developed from a single ordinary flat glass to deep-processed glass, and its partition frame has also developed from an open-web thin aluminum profile to a rubber heat insulation strip. In China, small batch production started with the manual method in 1964.

Vacuum glass: Since the invention of thermos bottle in 1893, people have been studying whether vacuum technology can be applied to glass, but it was not until 1994 that China scholar Professor Tang and University of Sydney Professor Collins made a breakthrough in manufacturing and application. At the end of 1995, huiban glass company first obtained the right to use this technology, and so far there have been several production lines. There are no enterprises producing this product in China. There are many kinds of deep-processed products of flat glass, but they basically include the following contents: mechanical processing products (polished glass, sandblasted or frosted glass, sprayed glass and carved glass), heat-treated products (tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, bent glass, glazed glass and painted glass), chemical processing products (chemically tempered glass, matte etched glass, matte etched glass and smooth etched glass) and coated glass (heat absorbing glass). Vacuum glass, inflatable insulating glass), laminated glass (PV diaphragm laminated glass, EN film laminated glass, decorative laminated glass, bulletproof glass, anti-theft glass, fireproof glass, etc. ), laminated glass (bullet-proof glass, laser glass, sunshade insulating glass, decal glass), colored glass (radiation colored glass, diffusion colored glass) and specially processed glass (laser carved glass, electron beam processed glass, photochromic glass).