Knowledge points of organic chemistry in senior two.

Senior two students should learn to summarize, form their own complete knowledge structure by networking the knowledge of chemistry elective 5, review in time, strengthen practice, and integrate theory with practice, so as to learn chemistry well and make good use of it. Next, I will choose five basic knowledge points of organic chemistry for you in senior two chemistry. Welcome to browse.

Knowledge points of organic chemistry in senior two.

Structure and properties of organic matter

Definition of 1. Functional group: atom, radical or chemical bond that determines the main chemical properties of organic compounds.

Atom: —X functional group (group): —OH, —CHO (aldehyde group), —COOH (carboxyl group), C6H5— and other chemical bonds: C=C, —C≡C—

2. Functional groups, structural characteristics and main chemical properties of alkanes of common organic compounds (1)

Functional group: none; General formula: cnh2n+2; Representative: methane

B) Structural characteristics: the bond angle is 65438+009 28', and it is a space regular tetrahedron molecule. The same is true for the tetravalent bond of each C atom in alkane molecules.

C) chemical properties: ① substitution reaction (reaction with halogen under illumination)

CH4+Cl2 ignites CH3Cl+HCl ignites CH3, and Cl+Cl2 ignites CH2Cl2+HCl.

Knowledge points of organic chemistry in senior two.

1. Representation of organic compound molecules: structural formula and projection formula;

2. Valence bonds in organic compounds: hybrid orbitals, σ bonds and π bonds of carbon atoms;

3. Properties of valence bond: bond length, bond angle, bond energy, polarity and polarization;

4. The relationship between the structure and physical properties of organic compounds, and the influence of intermolecular forces on solubility, boiling point, melting point and specific gravity.

5. Structure of alkanes: sp3 hybridization; Same series; The concept of alkyl; Isomerization phenomenon; Concepts of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon atoms; Conformation of alkanes: Newman projection;

6. Naming of alkanes: common nomenclature and systematic nomenclature;

7. Physical properties of alkanes;

8. Chemical properties of alkanes: the course of radical substitution reaction (concepts of homogeneous cracking and chain reaction, energy curve, transition state and activation energy);

Knowledge points of organic chemistry in senior two.

1, alkanes are named as follows: chain length, cardinal number and low ordinal number.

2. The carbon atoms of alkanes are all sp3 hybrid and tetrahedral, in which 1 C-C carbon atoms are primary carbon, 2 C-C carbon atoms are secondary carbon atoms, 3 C-C carbon atoms are tertiary carbon atoms, 4 C-C carbon atoms are quaternary carbon atoms, and H connected to the corresponding carbon atoms is primary, secondary and tertiary H. ..

3. Photohalogenation of alkanes is a free radical mechanism, and tertiary H is the most active and tertiary free radical is the most stable.

3-membered rings are easy to open due to ring tension: they react with H2, HX and X2, the activity of 4-membered rings is the second, and 5-membered rings basically do not open.

5. The most stable conformation of cyclohexane is the chair conformation, and the conformation with more large groups on the E bond is the dominant conformation.

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